Grain size,which encompasses length,width,and thickness,is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice.Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified,the molecular ...Grain size,which encompasses length,width,and thickness,is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice.Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified,the molecular mechanisms governing grain size and the lignin content remain largely elusive.In this study,we clone and characterize GRAIN LENGTH AND GRAIN WIDTH 10(GLGW10),a regulator of grain size in rice.Loss-of-function mutations in GLGW10 result in reduced grain size.GLGW10 encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein,the function of which has not been previously characterized in higher plants.Biochemical assays reveal that GLGW10 may interact with the transcription factor OsMYB108,which acts as a negative regulator of the lignin content.Knockout of OsMYB108 leads to longer and slender grain size,accompanied by increased lignin content,indicating that OsMYB108 negatively regulates both grain size and lignin content.Analysis of natural variations and haplotypes in GLGW10 reveals an association with grain size,suggesting an artificial selection on GLGW10 during rice domestication.In summary,our findings identify regulators of grain size and elucidate potential mechanisms linking grain size and lignin metabolism in rice,thereby providing essential insights for improving crop yields.展开更多
In the present study,three previously undescribed steroidal glycoalkaloids(compounds 1–3)were isolated from Solanum lyratum.Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic data.Their anti-angiog...In the present study,three previously undescribed steroidal glycoalkaloids(compounds 1–3)were isolated from Solanum lyratum.Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic data.Their anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic activities were evaluated by MTT and wound-healing assays,respectively.Tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells(TdECs),obtained by co-culture of A549 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),were treated with compounds 1–3.Results showed that compounds 1–3 significantly inhibited the migration of TdECs at 25μM despite the weak cytotoxic activities,which indicated that the compounds exerted anti-tumor activities by inhibiting metastasis,rather than directly inhibiting the proliferation of TdECs.展开更多
To study the alkaloids of Solanum lyratum Thunb.ODS and silica gel column chromatography combined with HPLC were used to separate and purify the alkaloids.Seven alkaloids were identified via UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS,1 D and...To study the alkaloids of Solanum lyratum Thunb.ODS and silica gel column chromatography combined with HPLC were used to separate and purify the alkaloids.Seven alkaloids were identified via UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS,1 D and 2 D NMR,respectively 15β-ethoxy-(3β,5α,25 R)-16,23-epoxy-23,24-imino-cholestan-16,20,23(N)-triene-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyran-oside(1),15β-hydroxyl-(3β,25 R)-16,23-epoxy-23,24-imino-cholestan-5,16,20,23(N)-tetraene-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactop-yranoside(2),Solalyraine A(3),Solalyraine B(4),16,23-epoxy-22,26-imino-cholest-22(N),23,25(26)-trien-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(5),N-(4-amino-butyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-E-acrylamide(6)and magnoflorine(7).Among them,compounds 1 and 2 were two new steroidal glycoalkaloids that has not been reported in the literature,and compound 7 was isolated from S.lyratum for the first time.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1000500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00102)the Hundred-Talent Programof Zhejiang University,China to M.Z.
文摘Grain size,which encompasses length,width,and thickness,is a critical agricultural trait that influences both grain yield and quality in rice.Although numerous grain size regulators have been identified,the molecular mechanisms governing grain size and the lignin content remain largely elusive.In this study,we clone and characterize GRAIN LENGTH AND GRAIN WIDTH 10(GLGW10),a regulator of grain size in rice.Loss-of-function mutations in GLGW10 result in reduced grain size.GLGW10 encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein,the function of which has not been previously characterized in higher plants.Biochemical assays reveal that GLGW10 may interact with the transcription factor OsMYB108,which acts as a negative regulator of the lignin content.Knockout of OsMYB108 leads to longer and slender grain size,accompanied by increased lignin content,indicating that OsMYB108 negatively regulates both grain size and lignin content.Analysis of natural variations and haplotypes in GLGW10 reveals an association with grain size,suggesting an artificial selection on GLGW10 during rice domestication.In summary,our findings identify regulators of grain size and elucidate potential mechanisms linking grain size and lignin metabolism in rice,thereby providing essential insights for improving crop yields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872989).
文摘In the present study,three previously undescribed steroidal glycoalkaloids(compounds 1–3)were isolated from Solanum lyratum.Their structures were elucidated based on comprehensive spectroscopic data.Their anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastatic activities were evaluated by MTT and wound-healing assays,respectively.Tumor-derived vascular endothelial cells(TdECs),obtained by co-culture of A549 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),were treated with compounds 1–3.Results showed that compounds 1–3 significantly inhibited the migration of TdECs at 25μM despite the weak cytotoxic activities,which indicated that the compounds exerted anti-tumor activities by inhibiting metastasis,rather than directly inhibiting the proliferation of TdECs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 81872989)the Program of G20 Project Support Guarantee(Grant No. Z151100003815026)the National Major New Drugs Inn ovation Projects (Grant No. 2009ZX09103-402)。
文摘To study the alkaloids of Solanum lyratum Thunb.ODS and silica gel column chromatography combined with HPLC were used to separate and purify the alkaloids.Seven alkaloids were identified via UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS,1 D and 2 D NMR,respectively 15β-ethoxy-(3β,5α,25 R)-16,23-epoxy-23,24-imino-cholestan-16,20,23(N)-triene-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyran-oside(1),15β-hydroxyl-(3β,25 R)-16,23-epoxy-23,24-imino-cholestan-5,16,20,23(N)-tetraene-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactop-yranoside(2),Solalyraine A(3),Solalyraine B(4),16,23-epoxy-22,26-imino-cholest-22(N),23,25(26)-trien-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside(5),N-(4-amino-butyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-E-acrylamide(6)and magnoflorine(7).Among them,compounds 1 and 2 were two new steroidal glycoalkaloids that has not been reported in the literature,and compound 7 was isolated from S.lyratum for the first time.
