Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and“dolomite problem”.Here,a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed...Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and“dolomite problem”.Here,a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity,alkalinity,and redox conditions of the diagenetic water.Multiple proxies,including bulk boron(B)content,B isotope composition(δ^(11)B_(bul)),boron to gallium weight ratio(B/Ga)and carbonate oxygen isotope composition(δ^(18)O_(carb)),were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh.Through numerical simulation,we calculated the B contents,δ^(11)B values and B/Ga in detritus(e.g.,clay,quartz and feldspar)and dolomite as two endmembers,confirming the intense interference of clay minerals onδ^(11)B_(bul).By using the fittedδ^(11)B of dolomite endmember(20.6‰),we calculated the p H value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2.The negativeδ^(11)B value of detritus endmember(-12.9‰)might be related to the terrestrial weathering.The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio(Sr/Ba)was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system.High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicates a sulfate-poor water condition,consistent with the iron-manganese(Fe-Mn)reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio.The positive carbonate carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C_(carb),4.5‰-9.4‰)indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite,coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water.The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria,which had not only maintained the salinity,p H,and redox status of the diagenetic water,but also led to a ferricmethane transition zone(FMTZ).This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water,which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.展开更多
ZSM-5 with hierarchical pore structure was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal crystallization from silica fume without using any organic ammonium templates.The synthesized ZSM-5 were oval shaped particles w...ZSM-5 with hierarchical pore structure was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal crystallization from silica fume without using any organic ammonium templates.The synthesized ZSM-5 were oval shaped particles with a particle size about 2.0 μm and weak acid-dominated with proper Brønsted(B)and Lewis(L)acid sites.The ZSM-5 was used for catalytic co-cracking of n-octane and guaiacol,lowdensity polyethylene(LDPE)and alkali lignin(AL)to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene(BTEX).The most significant synergistic effect occurred at n-octane/guaiacol at 1:1 and LDPE/AL at 1:3,under the condition,the achieved BTEX selectivity were 24%and 33%(mass)higher than the calculated values(weighted average).The highest BTEX selectivity reached 88.5%,which was 3.7%and 54.2%higher than those from individual cracking LDPE and AL.The synthesized ZSM-5 exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to the commercial ZSM-5,indicating potential application prospect.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION The Gulong shale oil is a new type of hydrocarbon resource enriched in the clay-rich shale of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin.Because it is most typical in the Gulong de...0 INTRODUCTION The Gulong shale oil is a new type of hydrocarbon resource enriched in the clay-rich shale of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin.Because it is most typical in the Gulong depression in the northern part of the Songliao Basin and has been commercially developed,it is called Gulong shale oil(Sun et al.,2021).展开更多
Creep behavior is a very important attribute of shale and is crucial in the design of hydraulic fracturing schemes to ensure the long-term stable development of shale gas.However,how different shale minerals,organic m...Creep behavior is a very important attribute of shale and is crucial in the design of hydraulic fracturing schemes to ensure the long-term stable development of shale gas.However,how different shale minerals,organic matter,bedding planes,and pores affect the micro-creep behavior of Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Lower Silurian Longmaxi(WFeLMX)Formation shales is poorly understood.In this study,we employed a nanoindentation mechanical testing technique alongside rock mineralogical,major elemental,and pore analyses to investigate the creep behavior and influencing factors of WFeLMX shales at the microscale.The results show that(1)the creep displacement(△h)and indentation creep parameter(C_(IT))are each positively correlated with clay,total pore volume,and clay+total organic carbon(TOC)contents but negatively correlated with the content of quartz,excess SiO_(2),and TOC.We found weak or no correlation between the occurrence of minor rock con-stituents,such as feldspar,carbonates,and pyrite,and the shale creep properties;(2)the creep parameters(△h,C_(IT),and stress exponent(n))exhibit anisotropy due to the layering of shale,with values 7.3%e24.2%higher in the plane perpendicular to bedding(X1)than those in the plane parallel to bedding(X3).The creep displacement exhibits negative correlations with Young's modulus,hardness,and stress exponent(n),especially for the X1 direction;(3)compared with those of China's Yanchang shale,the stress exponents of WFeLMX shale are relatively high(8.5-30),indicating that the average creep capacity of WFeLMX shale is relatively weak.Overall,nanoindentation technology has shown great potential in studying shale creep and provides quantitative data support for macroscopic shale creep research.展开更多
Background:Several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of secondary tumors as a rare but significant complication of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy,underscoring the need for a detailed investigati...Background:Several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of secondary tumors as a rare but significant complication of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy,underscoring the need for a detailed investigation.Given the limited variety of secondary tumor types reported to date,a comprehensive characterization of the various secondary tumors arising after CAR-T therapy is essential to understand the associated risks and to define the role of the immune microenvironment in malignant transformation.This study aims to characterize the immune microenvironment of a newly identified secondary tumor post-CAR-T therapy,to clarify its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Methods:In this study,the bone marrow(BM)samples were collected by aspiration from the primary and secondary tumors before and after CD19 CAR-T treatment.The CD45+BM cells were enriched with human CD45 microbeads.The CD45+cells were then sent for 10×genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify cell populations.The Cell Ranger pipeline and CellChat were used for detailed analysis.Results:In this study,a rare type of secondary chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML)were reported in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)who had previously received CD19 CAR-T therapy.The scRNA-seq analysis revealed increased inflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and an immunosuppressive state of monocytes/macrophages,which may impair cytotoxic activity in both T and natural killer(NK)cells in secondary CMML before treatment.In contrast,their cytotoxicity was restored in secondary CMML after treatment.Conclusions:This finding delineates a previously unrecognized type of secondary tumor,CMML,after CAR-T therapy and provide a framework for defining the immune microenvironment of secondary tumor occurrence after CAR-T therapy.In addition,the results provide a rationale for targeting macrophages to improve treatment strategies for CMML treatment.展开更多
Global cooling began since 50 Ma,but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved.From the perspective o...Global cooling began since 50 Ma,but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved.From the perspective of Earth system,this study analyzes Cenozoic tectonic activities,climatic and environmental evolution,and petroleum enrichment in Southeast Asia,and provides the following insights:(1)Subduction of oceanic plates and the extension of overlying continental lithosphere resulted in widespread volcanic eruptions as well as the formation of rift basins and shallow marine shelves,leading to complex interactions between deep tectonic processes and Earth’s surface including mountains,basins,and seas.(2)Microcontinental accretion and prolonged stay in equatorial low-latitude regions have changed trade winds into monsoons,altered ocean current pathways and flow rates,and profoundly affected rainfall and climate.(3)The archipelagic tectonic system,coupled with a hot and rainy climate,fostered tropical rainforests,mangroves,and phytoplankton,providing abundant organic matter and promoting the development of petroleum resources.(4)Combinations of rift basin development and marine transgression and regression led to an effective superposition of source-reservoir-seal combinations from multiplepetroleum systems.Rapid deep burial of organic matter and high geothermal gradients facilitated the generation and large-scale accumulation of oil and gas.(5)Multi-spherical(such as atmosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere)interactions on the Earth,which resulted from the convergence of multiple tectonic plates,are believed as the primary driver for exceptional enrichments of Cenozoic oil and gas resources in Southeast Asia.These understandings are significant for developing theories of oil and gas enrichment under the guidance of Earth System Science.In order to continue making significant oil and gas exploration discoveries in the deep-layers,deep-waters,and unconventional oil and gas fields of Southeast Asia,attention should be paid to the oil and gas resource effects of the collision between Australia and Sunda blocks and the high-temperature and high-rainfall climate environment,and efforts should be made to develop economic development and CO_(2)sequestration technologies for offshore CO_(2)-rich gas fields.展开更多
The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)excursion(CIE),while massive oxidation of organic carbon results i...The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)excursion(CIE),while massive oxidation of organic carbon results in a negative CIE.However,global events such as the BAsal Cambrian Carbon isotope Excursion(BACE)and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE)are global negative and positive δ^(13)C excursions,respectively,and they also exhibit significant organic carbon burial anomalies,displaying decoupling between carbon isotope anomalies and organic carbon burial.Based on the analyses of the Cambrian carbon cycle and paleoceanographic evolution records from well Tadong2 in the Tarim Basin,we propose a novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean that incorporates oceanic dissolved organic carbon(DOC).Our findings are as follows.(1)The Cambrian ocean maintained substantial DOC reservoirs,which were regulated by ocean currents and paleo-redox conditions and exerted significant influence on the oceanic carbon cycle.(2)The oxidation of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the early Cambrian led to the BACE and the Asian Phenomenon of the Cambrian petroleum systems,while the expansion of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the SPICE resulted in a global positive δ^(13)C excursion and the absence of significant organic carbon burial.(3)The deep-basin sedimentary environment in the eastern depression of the Tarim Basin may have fostered the development of organic-rich black shales during the Furongian Series,corresponding to organic carbon burial during the SPICE and representing potential prospects for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.Future research should focus on the formation mechanism,reserve scale,and influencing factors of the oceanic DOC reservoirs,as well as their resource and environmental effects.It is expected that new breakthroughs will be made in the fields of Earth system science and oil and gas exploration.展开更多
The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this st...The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap rocks.The late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the Okhotsk Sea and Arctic regions) from the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth in order to provide new theoretical support for increasing the identification of oil and gas reserves globally. The development of artificial intelligence in the petroleum industry should focus on the massive amount of exploration and geological data collected in the North Sea Basin.Through digital geological innovation, carbon neutral comprehensive utilization of oil, gas, and associated resources(e.g.,helium and hydrogen) can be achieved, providing a new paradigm for global oil and gas exploration and development.展开更多
Lacustrine systems since the Mesozoic have sequestered large quantities of organic carbon,which may have important value for global climate cooling,but there is still a lack of geological evidence of this sequestratio...Lacustrine systems since the Mesozoic have sequestered large quantities of organic carbon,which may have important value for global climate cooling,but there is still a lack of geological evidence of this sequestration.Taking the Songliao Basin in China as a case study,we elucidate the important function of lacustrine basins as sinks of a large amount of organic carbon,particularly when the contemporaneous marine sediments were poor sinks of organic carbon.Volcanic activities and orbital forcing were likely key factors influencing the water transportation between the land and oceans,as well as the alternating burial of organic carbon in the oceans and land.Microorganisms related to methane metabolism may have been highly involved in the mineralization and sequestration of lacustrine organic carbon.This study provides new insights into the coupled carbon–water cycle between the land and oceans and the influence of this process on global climate evolution.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42372162,U22B6004)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of CNPC(Nos.2021DJ0102,2021DJ1808)。
文摘Lacustrine dolomite is paid increasing attention to uncover the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and“dolomite problem”.Here,a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity,alkalinity,and redox conditions of the diagenetic water.Multiple proxies,including bulk boron(B)content,B isotope composition(δ^(11)B_(bul)),boron to gallium weight ratio(B/Ga)and carbonate oxygen isotope composition(δ^(18)O_(carb)),were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh.Through numerical simulation,we calculated the B contents,δ^(11)B values and B/Ga in detritus(e.g.,clay,quartz and feldspar)and dolomite as two endmembers,confirming the intense interference of clay minerals onδ^(11)B_(bul).By using the fittedδ^(11)B of dolomite endmember(20.6‰),we calculated the p H value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2.The negativeδ^(11)B value of detritus endmember(-12.9‰)might be related to the terrestrial weathering.The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio(Sr/Ba)was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system.High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicates a sulfate-poor water condition,consistent with the iron-manganese(Fe-Mn)reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio.The positive carbonate carbon isotopes(δ^(13)C_(carb),4.5‰-9.4‰)indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite,coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water.The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria,which had not only maintained the salinity,p H,and redox status of the diagenetic water,but also led to a ferricmethane transition zone(FMTZ).This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water,which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078076)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2020GXNSFAA159174)the Opening Project of National Enterprise Technology Center of Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd(GXU-BFY-2020-005).
文摘ZSM-5 with hierarchical pore structure was synthesized by a simple two-step hydrothermal crystallization from silica fume without using any organic ammonium templates.The synthesized ZSM-5 were oval shaped particles with a particle size about 2.0 μm and weak acid-dominated with proper Brønsted(B)and Lewis(L)acid sites.The ZSM-5 was used for catalytic co-cracking of n-octane and guaiacol,lowdensity polyethylene(LDPE)and alkali lignin(AL)to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene(BTEX).The most significant synergistic effect occurred at n-octane/guaiacol at 1:1 and LDPE/AL at 1:3,under the condition,the achieved BTEX selectivity were 24%and 33%(mass)higher than the calculated values(weighted average).The highest BTEX selectivity reached 88.5%,which was 3.7%and 54.2%higher than those from individual cracking LDPE and AL.The synthesized ZSM-5 exhibited superior catalytic performance compared to the commercial ZSM-5,indicating potential application prospect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42372162)the project of Theory of Hydrocarbon Enrichment under Multi-Spheric Interactions of the Earth(THEMSIE)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of CNPC(No.2021DJ0102)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION The Gulong shale oil is a new type of hydrocarbon resource enriched in the clay-rich shale of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin.Because it is most typical in the Gulong depression in the northern part of the Songliao Basin and has been commercially developed,it is called Gulong shale oil(Sun et al.,2021).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41802165,Grant No.42272182,Grant No.42002158)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou City(Grant No.SL2023A04J00208)+2 种基金the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research,Gansu Province(SZDKFJJ2023009)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20241735)the National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41927801).
文摘Creep behavior is a very important attribute of shale and is crucial in the design of hydraulic fracturing schemes to ensure the long-term stable development of shale gas.However,how different shale minerals,organic matter,bedding planes,and pores affect the micro-creep behavior of Upper Ordovician Wufeng and Lower Silurian Longmaxi(WFeLMX)Formation shales is poorly understood.In this study,we employed a nanoindentation mechanical testing technique alongside rock mineralogical,major elemental,and pore analyses to investigate the creep behavior and influencing factors of WFeLMX shales at the microscale.The results show that(1)the creep displacement(△h)and indentation creep parameter(C_(IT))are each positively correlated with clay,total pore volume,and clay+total organic carbon(TOC)contents but negatively correlated with the content of quartz,excess SiO_(2),and TOC.We found weak or no correlation between the occurrence of minor rock con-stituents,such as feldspar,carbonates,and pyrite,and the shale creep properties;(2)the creep parameters(△h,C_(IT),and stress exponent(n))exhibit anisotropy due to the layering of shale,with values 7.3%e24.2%higher in the plane perpendicular to bedding(X1)than those in the plane parallel to bedding(X3).The creep displacement exhibits negative correlations with Young's modulus,hardness,and stress exponent(n),especially for the X1 direction;(3)compared with those of China's Yanchang shale,the stress exponents of WFeLMX shale are relatively high(8.5-30),indicating that the average creep capacity of WFeLMX shale is relatively weak.Overall,nanoindentation technology has shown great potential in studying shale creep and provides quantitative data support for macroscopic shale creep research.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82370144,82270149,82170211,32100698,82270141,82370219,82000163,and 82200190)Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Project(Nos.SBGJ202101007,LHGJ20220305,LHGJ20220301,LHGJ20200366,SBGJ202102146,and SBGJ202102063)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Nos.222300420068,242300421080,222300420333,and 222300420567)Key Research Projects of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.222102310204)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.232102521027)Leading Talent Project of Henan Province(No.LJRC2023004)Funding for the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.
文摘Background:Several studies have demonstrated the occurrence of secondary tumors as a rare but significant complication of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy,underscoring the need for a detailed investigation.Given the limited variety of secondary tumor types reported to date,a comprehensive characterization of the various secondary tumors arising after CAR-T therapy is essential to understand the associated risks and to define the role of the immune microenvironment in malignant transformation.This study aims to characterize the immune microenvironment of a newly identified secondary tumor post-CAR-T therapy,to clarify its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Methods:In this study,the bone marrow(BM)samples were collected by aspiration from the primary and secondary tumors before and after CD19 CAR-T treatment.The CD45+BM cells were enriched with human CD45 microbeads.The CD45+cells were then sent for 10×genomics single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)to identify cell populations.The Cell Ranger pipeline and CellChat were used for detailed analysis.Results:In this study,a rare type of secondary chronic myelomonocytic leukemia(CMML)were reported in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)who had previously received CD19 CAR-T therapy.The scRNA-seq analysis revealed increased inflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and an immunosuppressive state of monocytes/macrophages,which may impair cytotoxic activity in both T and natural killer(NK)cells in secondary CMML before treatment.In contrast,their cytotoxicity was restored in secondary CMML after treatment.Conclusions:This finding delineates a previously unrecognized type of secondary tumor,CMML,after CAR-T therapy and provide a framework for defining the immune microenvironment of secondary tumor occurrence after CAR-T therapy.In addition,the results provide a rationale for targeting macrophages to improve treatment strategies for CMML treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42288201,92255303,42202162)。
文摘Global cooling began since 50 Ma,but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved.From the perspective of Earth system,this study analyzes Cenozoic tectonic activities,climatic and environmental evolution,and petroleum enrichment in Southeast Asia,and provides the following insights:(1)Subduction of oceanic plates and the extension of overlying continental lithosphere resulted in widespread volcanic eruptions as well as the formation of rift basins and shallow marine shelves,leading to complex interactions between deep tectonic processes and Earth’s surface including mountains,basins,and seas.(2)Microcontinental accretion and prolonged stay in equatorial low-latitude regions have changed trade winds into monsoons,altered ocean current pathways and flow rates,and profoundly affected rainfall and climate.(3)The archipelagic tectonic system,coupled with a hot and rainy climate,fostered tropical rainforests,mangroves,and phytoplankton,providing abundant organic matter and promoting the development of petroleum resources.(4)Combinations of rift basin development and marine transgression and regression led to an effective superposition of source-reservoir-seal combinations from multiplepetroleum systems.Rapid deep burial of organic matter and high geothermal gradients facilitated the generation and large-scale accumulation of oil and gas.(5)Multi-spherical(such as atmosphere,biosphere,hydrosphere and lithosphere)interactions on the Earth,which resulted from the convergence of multiple tectonic plates,are believed as the primary driver for exceptional enrichments of Cenozoic oil and gas resources in Southeast Asia.These understandings are significant for developing theories of oil and gas enrichment under the guidance of Earth System Science.In order to continue making significant oil and gas exploration discoveries in the deep-layers,deep-waters,and unconventional oil and gas fields of Southeast Asia,attention should be paid to the oil and gas resource effects of the collision between Australia and Sunda blocks and the high-temperature and high-rainfall climate environment,and efforts should be made to develop economic development and CO_(2)sequestration technologies for offshore CO_(2)-rich gas fields.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42225303,42372162,42102146)the Basic and Forward-Looking Major Technology Projects of China National Petroleum Corporation(Grant No.2023ZZ0203)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0603101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA14010101)。
文摘The classic model of the carbon cycle suggests that the extensive burial of ^(12)C-enriched organic carbon leads to a positive carbon isotope(δ^(13)C)excursion(CIE),while massive oxidation of organic carbon results in a negative CIE.However,global events such as the BAsal Cambrian Carbon isotope Excursion(BACE)and the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion(SPICE)are global negative and positive δ^(13)C excursions,respectively,and they also exhibit significant organic carbon burial anomalies,displaying decoupling between carbon isotope anomalies and organic carbon burial.Based on the analyses of the Cambrian carbon cycle and paleoceanographic evolution records from well Tadong2 in the Tarim Basin,we propose a novel model of the carbon cycle in the Cambrian ocean that incorporates oceanic dissolved organic carbon(DOC).Our findings are as follows.(1)The Cambrian ocean maintained substantial DOC reservoirs,which were regulated by ocean currents and paleo-redox conditions and exerted significant influence on the oceanic carbon cycle.(2)The oxidation of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the early Cambrian led to the BACE and the Asian Phenomenon of the Cambrian petroleum systems,while the expansion of the oceanic DOC reservoirs during the SPICE resulted in a global positive δ^(13)C excursion and the absence of significant organic carbon burial.(3)The deep-basin sedimentary environment in the eastern depression of the Tarim Basin may have fostered the development of organic-rich black shales during the Furongian Series,corresponding to organic carbon burial during the SPICE and representing potential prospects for ultra-deep oil and gas exploration.Future research should focus on the formation mechanism,reserve scale,and influencing factors of the oceanic DOC reservoirs,as well as their resource and environmental effects.It is expected that new breakthroughs will be made in the fields of Earth system science and oil and gas exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42288201, 92255303, 42202162, 42372162)。
文摘The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap rocks.The late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the Okhotsk Sea and Arctic regions) from the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth in order to provide new theoretical support for increasing the identification of oil and gas reserves globally. The development of artificial intelligence in the petroleum industry should focus on the massive amount of exploration and geological data collected in the North Sea Basin.Through digital geological innovation, carbon neutral comprehensive utilization of oil, gas, and associated resources(e.g.,helium and hydrogen) can be achieved, providing a new paradigm for global oil and gas exploration and development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372162,U22B6004)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of the CNPC(2021DJ0102,2021DJ1808).
文摘Lacustrine systems since the Mesozoic have sequestered large quantities of organic carbon,which may have important value for global climate cooling,but there is still a lack of geological evidence of this sequestration.Taking the Songliao Basin in China as a case study,we elucidate the important function of lacustrine basins as sinks of a large amount of organic carbon,particularly when the contemporaneous marine sediments were poor sinks of organic carbon.Volcanic activities and orbital forcing were likely key factors influencing the water transportation between the land and oceans,as well as the alternating burial of organic carbon in the oceans and land.Microorganisms related to methane metabolism may have been highly involved in the mineralization and sequestration of lacustrine organic carbon.This study provides new insights into the coupled carbon–water cycle between the land and oceans and the influence of this process on global climate evolution.
