BACKGROUND Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is increasing in desirability due to the invasive nature and costs associated with the current form of assessment;liver biopsy.Quantitative mult...BACKGROUND Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is increasing in desirability due to the invasive nature and costs associated with the current form of assessment;liver biopsy.Quantitative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)to measure liver fat(proton density fat fraction)and fibroinflammatory disease[iron-corrected T1(cT1)],as well as elastography techniques[vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE)liver stiffness measure],magnetic resonance elastography(MRE)and 2D Shear-Wave elastography(SWE)to measure stiffness and fat(controlled attenuated parameter,CAP)are emerging alternatives which could be utilised as safe surrogates to liver biopsy.AIM To evaluate the agreement of non-invasive imaging modalities with liver biopsy,and their subsequent diagnostic accuracy for identifying NASH patients.METHODS From January 2019 to February 2020,Japanese patients suspected of NASH were recruited onto a prospective,observational study and were screened using noninvasive imaging techniques;mpMRI with LiverMultiScan®,VCTE,MRE and 2DSWE.Patients were subsequently biopsied,and samples were scored by three independent pathologists.The diagnostic performances of the non-invasive imaging modalities were assessed using area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)with the median of the histology scores as the gold standard diagnoses.Concordance between all three independent pathologists was further explored using Krippendorff’s alpha(a)from weighted kappa statistics.RESULTS N=145 patients with mean age of 60(SD:13 years.),39%females,and 40%with body mass index≥30 kg/m2 were included in the analysis.For identifying patients with NASH,MR liver fat and cT1 were the strongest performing individual measures(AUC:0.80 and 0.75 respectively),and the mpMRI metrics combined(cT1 and MR liver fat)were the overall best non-invasive test(AUC:0.83).For identifying fibrosis≥1,MRE performed best(AUC:0.97),compared to VCTE-liver stiffness measure(AUC:0.94)and 2D-SWE(AUC:0.94).For assessment of steatosis≥1,MR liver fat was the best performing non-invasive test(AUC:0.92),compared to controlled attenuated parameter(AUC:0.75).Assessment of the agreement between pathologists showed that concordance was best for steatosis(a=0.58),moderate for ballooning(a=0.40)and fibrosis(a=0.40),and worst for lobular inflammation(a=0.11).CONCLUSION Quantitative mpMRI is an effective alternative to liver biopsy for diagnosing NASH and non-alcoholic fatty liver,and thus may offer clinical utility in patient management.展开更多
Direct catalytic conversion of methane to benzene at non-oxidative condition is considered as one of key reac-tions for constitution of sustainable carbon-cycling processes,since either biomethane or CO_(2)-based synt...Direct catalytic conversion of methane to benzene at non-oxidative condition is considered as one of key reac-tions for constitution of sustainable carbon-cycling processes,since either biomethane or CO_(2)-based synthetic methane can serve as its feed source.While this concern may motivate many researchers over the world to make their continuous effort to gain deep insight into the catalytic mechanism of this catalysis system and the essential cause of the catalyst deactivation,successful development of a catalyst with high performance,enhanced coking resistance and long-term operating stability will be the key to its industrial application.Here in this review pa-per,we demonstrate the high catalytic activity and stability of our two shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts developed respectively for fixed-bed and fluidized-bed operations at severe reaction conditions.Thermodynamically,a pos-sibly high aromatization temperature is required to attain a desired high benzene formation rate,but adopting such a temperature will certainly accelerate coke formation and catalyst deactivation.Therefore,the focus of the catalyst development was laid on finding various effective ways of suppressing coke accumulation and catalyst deactivation at practically required severe reaction conditions,and much effort was made to attain the purpose.As a result,a highly active and selective pelleted Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst has been successfully developed and was stably run in a fixed-bed reactor under cyclic regeneration operation mode over 1000 h.In parallel a binder-free,fluidizable Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with certain mechanical strength has also been developed and successfully tested in a dual circulating fluidized-bed reactor system to provide a stable benzene yield of about 12%at 1073 K and 3000 ml/g/h space velocity.展开更多
Accompanying the current epidemics of metabolic syndrome(MS)and obesity caused by westernization of lifestyles,the incidences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)have been...Accompanying the current epidemics of metabolic syndrome(MS)and obesity caused by westernization of lifestyles,the incidences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)have been increasing worldwide over the last few decades(1).Now,NAFLD has a global prevalence estimated at 25%of the world population,with some geographical;the highest prevalences are in the South America and Middle East.Namely,NAFLD has become recognized as the most common liver disease worldwide(2).展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Non-invasive assessment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is increasing in desirability due to the invasive nature and costs associated with the current form of assessment;liver biopsy.Quantitative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(mpMRI)to measure liver fat(proton density fat fraction)and fibroinflammatory disease[iron-corrected T1(cT1)],as well as elastography techniques[vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE)liver stiffness measure],magnetic resonance elastography(MRE)and 2D Shear-Wave elastography(SWE)to measure stiffness and fat(controlled attenuated parameter,CAP)are emerging alternatives which could be utilised as safe surrogates to liver biopsy.AIM To evaluate the agreement of non-invasive imaging modalities with liver biopsy,and their subsequent diagnostic accuracy for identifying NASH patients.METHODS From January 2019 to February 2020,Japanese patients suspected of NASH were recruited onto a prospective,observational study and were screened using noninvasive imaging techniques;mpMRI with LiverMultiScan®,VCTE,MRE and 2DSWE.Patients were subsequently biopsied,and samples were scored by three independent pathologists.The diagnostic performances of the non-invasive imaging modalities were assessed using area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)with the median of the histology scores as the gold standard diagnoses.Concordance between all three independent pathologists was further explored using Krippendorff’s alpha(a)from weighted kappa statistics.RESULTS N=145 patients with mean age of 60(SD:13 years.),39%females,and 40%with body mass index≥30 kg/m2 were included in the analysis.For identifying patients with NASH,MR liver fat and cT1 were the strongest performing individual measures(AUC:0.80 and 0.75 respectively),and the mpMRI metrics combined(cT1 and MR liver fat)were the overall best non-invasive test(AUC:0.83).For identifying fibrosis≥1,MRE performed best(AUC:0.97),compared to VCTE-liver stiffness measure(AUC:0.94)and 2D-SWE(AUC:0.94).For assessment of steatosis≥1,MR liver fat was the best performing non-invasive test(AUC:0.92),compared to controlled attenuated parameter(AUC:0.75).Assessment of the agreement between pathologists showed that concordance was best for steatosis(a=0.58),moderate for ballooning(a=0.40)and fibrosis(a=0.40),and worst for lobular inflammation(a=0.11).CONCLUSION Quantitative mpMRI is an effective alternative to liver biopsy for diagnosing NASH and non-alcoholic fatty liver,and thus may offer clinical utility in patient management.
文摘Direct catalytic conversion of methane to benzene at non-oxidative condition is considered as one of key reac-tions for constitution of sustainable carbon-cycling processes,since either biomethane or CO_(2)-based synthetic methane can serve as its feed source.While this concern may motivate many researchers over the world to make their continuous effort to gain deep insight into the catalytic mechanism of this catalysis system and the essential cause of the catalyst deactivation,successful development of a catalyst with high performance,enhanced coking resistance and long-term operating stability will be the key to its industrial application.Here in this review pa-per,we demonstrate the high catalytic activity and stability of our two shaped Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts developed respectively for fixed-bed and fluidized-bed operations at severe reaction conditions.Thermodynamically,a pos-sibly high aromatization temperature is required to attain a desired high benzene formation rate,but adopting such a temperature will certainly accelerate coke formation and catalyst deactivation.Therefore,the focus of the catalyst development was laid on finding various effective ways of suppressing coke accumulation and catalyst deactivation at practically required severe reaction conditions,and much effort was made to attain the purpose.As a result,a highly active and selective pelleted Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst has been successfully developed and was stably run in a fixed-bed reactor under cyclic regeneration operation mode over 1000 h.In parallel a binder-free,fluidizable Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst with certain mechanical strength has also been developed and successfully tested in a dual circulating fluidized-bed reactor system to provide a stable benzene yield of about 12%at 1073 K and 3000 ml/g/h space velocity.
文摘Accompanying the current epidemics of metabolic syndrome(MS)and obesity caused by westernization of lifestyles,the incidences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)have been increasing worldwide over the last few decades(1).Now,NAFLD has a global prevalence estimated at 25%of the world population,with some geographical;the highest prevalences are in the South America and Middle East.Namely,NAFLD has become recognized as the most common liver disease worldwide(2).
