Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms ha...Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined.This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,network pharmacology,and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ.The mixed decoction(LZ-ME)and single decoction(LZ-SE)were prepared to study their chemical components.Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ.ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline(NC),melatonin(positive control group,0.50 mg/kg),low(12.90 g/kg),medium(25.70 g/kg),and high(38.60 g/kg)dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model.The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total saponins,and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE(177.20%,82.34%,30.58%,and 11.66%,respectively).A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS),and 8 representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found.LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in mice serum and neurotransmitterγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in mice hippocampus,decreased dopamine(DA)and glutamate(Glu)levels in mice hippocampus(P<0.05).Furthermore,LZ-ME up-regulated the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Eubacterium_R,down-regulated the abundance of the harmful bacteria Lachnospiraceae etc.The polysaccharides,flavonoids(spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin)and saponins(jujuboside A and jujuboside B)were the main material bases for the sleep-promoting effects of LZ.These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA,reduced levels of Glu and DA and improve TNF-αlevels.And they also may indirectly regulate GABA levels by influencing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Eubacterium.展开更多
The establishment of efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is of great value but also challenging.Herein,a durable metal–organic framework(MOF)with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium and an optimized electron...The establishment of efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is of great value but also challenging.Herein,a durable metal–organic framework(MOF)with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium and an optimized electronic structure is constructed as an efficient electrocatalyst.Significantly,the obtained NiRu_(0.08)-MOF with doping Ru only needs an overpotential of 187 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2) with a Tafel slop of 40 mV dec^(-1) in 0.1M KOH for the oxygen evolution reaction,and can work continuously for more than 300 h.Ultrahigh Ru mass activity is achieved,reaching 56.7 Ag^(-1)_(Ru) at an overpotential of 200 mV,which is 36 times higher than that of commercial RuO_(2).X-ray adsorption spectroscopy and density function theory calculations reveal that atomically dispersed ruthenium on metal sites in MOFs is expected to optimize the electronic structure of nickel sites,thus improving the conductivity of the catalyst and optimizing the adsorption energy of intermediates,resulting in significant optimization of electrocatalytic performance.This study could provide a new avenue for the design of efficient and stable MOF electrocatalysts.展开更多
As the cash register system gradually prevailed in shopping malls, detecting the abnormal status of the cash register system has gradually become a hotspot issue. This paper analyzes the transaction data of a shopping...As the cash register system gradually prevailed in shopping malls, detecting the abnormal status of the cash register system has gradually become a hotspot issue. This paper analyzes the transaction data of a shopping mall. When calculating the degree of data difference, the coefficient of variation is used as the attribute weight;the weighted Euclidean distance is used to calculate the degree of difference;and k-means clustering is used to classify different time periods. It applies the LOF algorithm to detect the outlier degree of transaction data at each time period, sets the initial threshold to detect outliers, deletes the outliers, and then performs SAX detection on the data set. If it does not pass the test, then it will gradually expand the outlying domain and repeat the above process to optimize the outlier threshold to improve the sensitivity of detection algorithm and reduce false positives.展开更多
The highly desired goal is to employ visible light for the photocatalytic reduction of toxic Cr(Ⅵ)to environmentally friendly Cr(Ⅲ).Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are considered one of the most promising materials fo...The highly desired goal is to employ visible light for the photocatalytic reduction of toxic Cr(Ⅵ)to environmentally friendly Cr(Ⅲ).Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are considered one of the most promising materials for the photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ).Nevertheless,developing MOFs with high stability and activity is still challenging.Herein,we report a stable Zn-based MOF(named DZU-64)with an anthracene functionalized ligand,and its reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)under sunlight irradiation was investigated.DZU-64 exhibits excellent chemical stability in pH range of 2-14 aqueous solution,and remarkable thermal stability to570℃.For the photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)under visible light irradiation,DZU-64 gives a record rate constant of 0.467 min^(-1)and a high Cr(Ⅵ)reduction rate of 6.68 mg Cr_((Ⅵ))g^(-1)_(cata)min^(-1)at p H 2.Moreover,under real solar light,DZU-64 can also efficiently reduce Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)while retaining its catalytic activity throughout 5 cycles without any notable decline,further demonstrating its great application prospect.By combining the photovoltaic performance tests and electron spin resonance test,the possible photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)mechanism in DZU-64 was analyzed.展开更多
As the acceleration of aged population tendency, building models to forecast Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is essential. In this article, we surveyed 1157 interviewees. By analyzing the results using three machine learnin...As the acceleration of aged population tendency, building models to forecast Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is essential. In this article, we surveyed 1157 interviewees. By analyzing the results using three machine learning methods—BP neural network, SVM and random forest, we can derive the accuracy of them in forecasting AD, so that we can compare the methods in solving AD prediction. Among them, random forest is the most accurate method. Moreover, to combine the advantages of the methods, we build a new combination forecasting model based on the three machine learning models, which is proved more accurate than the models singly. At last, we give the conclusion of the connection between life style and AD, and provide several suggestions for elderly people to help them prevent AD.展开更多
Traditional treatment selection of cancers mainly relies on clinical observations and doctor’s judgment, but most outcomes can hardly be predicted. Through Genomics Topology, we use 272 breast cancer patients’ clini...Traditional treatment selection of cancers mainly relies on clinical observations and doctor’s judgment, but most outcomes can hardly be predicted. Through Genomics Topology, we use 272 breast cancer patients’ clinical and gene information as an example to propose a treatment optimization and top gene identification system. This study faces certain challenges such as collinearity and the Curse of Dimensionality within data, so by the idea of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is implemented to resolve this issue. Several genes, for example, SLC40A1 and ACADSB, are found to be both statistically significant and biological-studies supported;the model developed can precisely predict breast cancer mortality, recurrence time, and survival time, with an average MSE of 3.697, accuracy rate of 88.97%, and F1 score of 0.911. The result and methodology used in this study provide a channel for people to further look into the more precise prediction of other cancer outcomes through machine learning and assist in the discovery of targetable pathways for next-generation cancer treatment methods.展开更多
Cancer genomic research is a relatively new method. It has shown great potential but faces certain challenges. Researchers often have to deal with tens of thousands of genes with a relatively small sample size of pati...Cancer genomic research is a relatively new method. It has shown great potential but faces certain challenges. Researchers often have to deal with tens of thousands of genes with a relatively small sample size of patient cases—a dilemma referred to as the “Curse of Dimensionality” [1]—and it makes it hard to learn the data well because of relatively sparse data in high dimensional space. To deal with the dilemma, this study uses p-values of individual genes for pathway enrichment to find statistically significant pathways. The aim of this study is to find significant genes and biological pathways that are related to lung cancer by statistical method and pathway enrichment analysis. Several significant genes, such as WNT2B, VAV2, and significant pathways, such as Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450-Homo sapiens (human) and Fatty acid degradation-Homo sapiens (human), are found to be both statistically significant and biological studies supported. Significant genes-including TESK2, C5orf43, and ZSCAN21—and significant pathways such as Pentose and glucoronate interconversions-Homo sapiens (human), are found to be new cancer-related genes and pathways that worth laboratory studies. The idea and method used in this research can be applied to find more significant genes and pathways that worth study experimentally.展开更多
The interspecific variations of plant functional traits can characterize the niche positions of species within communities,while the intraspecific variations can accurately display the species’niche breadth.Revealing...The interspecific variations of plant functional traits can characterize the niche positions of species within communities,while the intraspecific variations can accurately display the species’niche breadth.Revealing relative contributions of intra-and interspecific variations to plant functional community structure is crucial in understanding how the species coexist together,especially in species-diverse ecosystems.To explore how the intra-and interspecific variations of plant functional traits change along the successional pathway in heterogeneous conditions,we established a series of plots and measured main plant functional traits along the natural regeneration in karst forest ecosystems.By quantifying the intra-and interspecific variations of plant functional traits,we found that the changes in intraspecific variations were relatively lower compared to changes in interspecific variations throughout the natural regeneration.Further analysis showed that the community spatial structure contributed more to the intraspecific variations of plant functional traits,while the soil physicochemical properties contributed more to interspecific variations.Our study suggested that tree species might tend to narrow their niche and change the positions to release the niche overlap when faced with heterogeneous habitat conditions.展开更多
The navigation software uses the positioning system to determine the traffic conditions of the road sections in advance,so as to predict the travel time of the road sections.However,in the case of traffic congestion,t...The navigation software uses the positioning system to determine the traffic conditions of the road sections in advance,so as to predict the travel time of the road sections.However,in the case of traffic congestion,the accuracy of its prediction time is low.After empirical analysis,this paper establishes a multi-factor synthesis by studying 7 factors:traffic flow,number of stops,traffic light duration,road network density,average speed,road area,and number of intersections the prediction function achieves the purpose of accurately predicting the transit time of congested road sections.The gray correlation coefficients of the seven factors obtained from the gray correlation analysis are:0.9827,0.9679,0.6747,0.8030,0.9445,0.8759,0.4328.The correlation coefficients of traffic volume,number of stops,average speed,and road congestion delay time were all about 95%,which were the main influencing factors of the study.The prediction needs to be based on functions.This paper fits the main influencing factors to the delay time of congested roads.It is found that the delay time varies parabolically with the traffic flow and the number of stops,and linearly with the average speed.Because the three impact factors have different weights on the delay time of congested roads,demand takes the weight of each factor.Therefore,the gray correlation coefficients occupied by the main influencing factors are normalized to obtain the weights of three of 0.340,0.334,and 0.326.The weighted fitting function is subjected to nonlinear summation processing to obtain a multi-factor comprehensive prediction function.By comparing the original data with the fitting data and calculating the accuracy of the fitting function,it is found that the accuracy of each fitting function is close to 0,the residual error,the relative error is small,and the accuracy is high.展开更多
Phase change materials have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in many aspects.However,it is seriously restricted by some drawbacks such as obvious leakage,relatively low thermal con...Phase change materials have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in many aspects.However,it is seriously restricted by some drawbacks such as obvious leakage,relatively low thermal conductivity,and easily flame properties.Herein,a novel flame retardant form-stable composite phase change material(CPCM)with polyethylene glycol/epoxy resin/expanded graphite/magnesium hydroxide/zinc hydroxide(PEG/ER/EG/MH/ZH)has been successfully prepared and utilized in the battery module.The addition of MH and ZH(MH:ZH=1:2)as flame retardant additions can not only greatly improve the flame retardant effect but also maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer.Further,the EG(5%)can provide the graphitization degree of residual char which is beneficial to building a more protective barrier.This designation of CPCM can exhibit leakage-proof,high thermal conductivity(increasing 400%-500%)and prominent flammable retardant performance.Especially at 3C discharge rate,the maximum temperature is controlled below 54.2℃and the temperature difference is maintained within 2.2℃in the battery module,which presents a superior thermal management effect.This work suggests an efficient and feasible approach toward exploiting a multifunctional phase change material for thermal management systems for electric vehicles and energy storage fields.展开更多
In the electricity market environment,the regional integrated energy system(RIES)can reduce the total operation cost by participating in electricity market transactions.However,the RIES will face the risk of load and ...In the electricity market environment,the regional integrated energy system(RIES)can reduce the total operation cost by participating in electricity market transactions.However,the RIES will face the risk of load and electricity price uncertainties,which may make its operation cost higher than expected.This paper proposes a method to optimize the operation cost of the RIES in the electricity market environment considering uncertainty.Firstly,based on the operation cost structure of the RIES in the electricity market environment,the energy flow relationship of the RIES is analyzed,and the operation cost model of the RIES is built.Then,the electricity purchase costs of the RIES in the medium-and long-term electricity markets,the spot electricity market,and the retail electricity market are analyzed.Finally,considering the risk of load and electricity price uncertainties,the operation cost optimization model of the RIES is established based on conditional value-at-risk.Then it is solved to obtain the operation cost optimization strategy of the RIES.Verification results show that the proposed operation cost optimization method can reduce the operation cost of high electricity price scenario by optimizing the energy purchase and distribution strategy,constrain the risk of load and electricity price uncertainties,and help balance the risks and benefits.展开更多
The effects of different human walking patterns on contaminant dispersion in residential kitchens were investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulation with the dynamic mesh method.A tracer gas experiment ...The effects of different human walking patterns on contaminant dispersion in residential kitchens were investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulation with the dynamic mesh method.A tracer gas experiment was performed to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the simulation method.Flow characteristics induced by human walking were minutely described,and the transient capture efficiency of the range hood was adopted to assess the impact of human walking quantitatively.Human walking parallel to a counter,human walking parallel to a counter manned by another human,and human walking toward a counter were studied.Results showed that the mutual effect of the wake and thermal plume caused contaminant dispersion and decreased the performance of the range hood as the human subject walked beside the counter.Even a standing person operated ahead the counter,the wake would affect the thermal plume in a certain extent.The decrement of capture efficiency approached 0.5 in the most unfavorable situation.Moreover,the coaction of the positive/negative pressure zone and impinging air jet drew the thermal plume to the human body.The fluctuation of capture efficiency in this condition was moderate relative to that for the human walking pattern beside the counter.This research could provide a comprehensive overview of different human walking patterns and their impact on residential kitchens and thereby facilitate the maintenance of kitchen air quality.展开更多
The efficient electrocatalysis plays the key role in the development of electrochemical energy conversion technologies to alleviate energy crisis.Given their multiple active sites and large specific surface areas as e...The efficient electrocatalysis plays the key role in the development of electrochemical energy conversion technologies to alleviate energy crisis.Given their multiple active sites and large specific surface areas as electrocatalysts,metalorganic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have attracted considerable interests in recent years.Specially,exploring the roles of the enhanced active sites inMOFs and their derivatives is significant for understanding and developing new effective electrocatalysts.Recently,the vital role of vacancies has been proven to promote electrocatalytic processes(such as H2 or O2 evolution reactions,O2 reduction reactions,and N2 reduction reactions).In order to in-depth exploring the effect of vacancies in electrocatalysts,the vacancies classification,synthetic strategy,and the recent development of various vacancies inMOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are reviewed.Also,the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of vacancies inMOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are presented.展开更多
The present study is concerned with unsteady natural convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of fractional second-grade nanofuids for different particle shapes.Nonlinear boundary layer governing equations are...The present study is concerned with unsteady natural convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of fractional second-grade nanofuids for different particle shapes.Nonlinear boundary layer governing equations are formulated with time fractional derivatives in the momentum equation.The governing boundary layer equations of continuity,momentum and energy are reduced by dimensionless variable.Numerical solutions of the momentum and energy equations are obtained by the finite difference method combined with L1-algorithm.The quantites of physical interest are graphically presented and discussed in details.It is found that particle shape,fractional derivative parameter and the Grashof number have profound influences on the the flow and heat transfer.展开更多
In this paper,we focus on the dynamics of the modified Leslie Gower model with a weak Allee effect and fear effect on predators.Assuming that the inherent growth rate of prey is much faster than that of predators,this...In this paper,we focus on the dynamics of the modified Leslie Gower model with a weak Allee effect and fear effect on predators.Assuming that the inherent growth rate of prey is much faster than that of predators,this becomes a singular perturbation problem.Based on the geometric singular perturbation theory,we prove the existence of canard cycles and relaxation oscillation and provide an asymptotic expression of the relaxation oscillation period.Furthermore,it demonstrates that,under certain conditions,the degenerate transcritical bifurcation point is a global attractor using geometric singular perturbation theory,the center manifold theorem and the blow-up method.Numerical simulations verify the theoretical results.展开更多
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China(2022JJ50048)Hunan Agriculture Research System(HARS-11).
文摘Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined.This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,network pharmacology,and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ.The mixed decoction(LZ-ME)and single decoction(LZ-SE)were prepared to study their chemical components.Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ.ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline(NC),melatonin(positive control group,0.50 mg/kg),low(12.90 g/kg),medium(25.70 g/kg),and high(38.60 g/kg)dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model.The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total saponins,and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE(177.20%,82.34%,30.58%,and 11.66%,respectively).A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS),and 8 representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found.LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in mice serum and neurotransmitterγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in mice hippocampus,decreased dopamine(DA)and glutamate(Glu)levels in mice hippocampus(P<0.05).Furthermore,LZ-ME up-regulated the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Eubacterium_R,down-regulated the abundance of the harmful bacteria Lachnospiraceae etc.The polysaccharides,flavonoids(spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin)and saponins(jujuboside A and jujuboside B)were the main material bases for the sleep-promoting effects of LZ.These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA,reduced levels of Glu and DA and improve TNF-αlevels.And they also may indirectly regulate GABA levels by influencing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Eubacterium.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51632008。
文摘The establishment of efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is of great value but also challenging.Herein,a durable metal–organic framework(MOF)with minor atomically dispersed ruthenium and an optimized electronic structure is constructed as an efficient electrocatalyst.Significantly,the obtained NiRu_(0.08)-MOF with doping Ru only needs an overpotential of 187 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2) with a Tafel slop of 40 mV dec^(-1) in 0.1M KOH for the oxygen evolution reaction,and can work continuously for more than 300 h.Ultrahigh Ru mass activity is achieved,reaching 56.7 Ag^(-1)_(Ru) at an overpotential of 200 mV,which is 36 times higher than that of commercial RuO_(2).X-ray adsorption spectroscopy and density function theory calculations reveal that atomically dispersed ruthenium on metal sites in MOFs is expected to optimize the electronic structure of nickel sites,thus improving the conductivity of the catalyst and optimizing the adsorption energy of intermediates,resulting in significant optimization of electrocatalytic performance.This study could provide a new avenue for the design of efficient and stable MOF electrocatalysts.
文摘As the cash register system gradually prevailed in shopping malls, detecting the abnormal status of the cash register system has gradually become a hotspot issue. This paper analyzes the transaction data of a shopping mall. When calculating the degree of data difference, the coefficient of variation is used as the attribute weight;the weighted Euclidean distance is used to calculate the degree of difference;and k-means clustering is used to classify different time periods. It applies the LOF algorithm to detect the outlier degree of transaction data at each time period, sets the initial threshold to detect outliers, deletes the outliers, and then performs SAX detection on the data set. If it does not pass the test, then it will gradually expand the outlying domain and repeat the above process to optimize the outlier threshold to improve the sensitivity of detection algorithm and reduce false positives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21601028 and 21902022)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022QB058,ZR2018LB018 and ZR2019QB026)+1 种基金Qingchuang Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province(No.2021KJ054)the Scientific Research Foundation of Dezhou University(Nos.HXKT2022309,HXKT2022344 and HXKT2022182)。
文摘The highly desired goal is to employ visible light for the photocatalytic reduction of toxic Cr(Ⅵ)to environmentally friendly Cr(Ⅲ).Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are considered one of the most promising materials for the photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ).Nevertheless,developing MOFs with high stability and activity is still challenging.Herein,we report a stable Zn-based MOF(named DZU-64)with an anthracene functionalized ligand,and its reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)under sunlight irradiation was investigated.DZU-64 exhibits excellent chemical stability in pH range of 2-14 aqueous solution,and remarkable thermal stability to570℃.For the photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)under visible light irradiation,DZU-64 gives a record rate constant of 0.467 min^(-1)and a high Cr(Ⅵ)reduction rate of 6.68 mg Cr_((Ⅵ))g^(-1)_(cata)min^(-1)at p H 2.Moreover,under real solar light,DZU-64 can also efficiently reduce Cr(Ⅵ)to Cr(Ⅲ)while retaining its catalytic activity throughout 5 cycles without any notable decline,further demonstrating its great application prospect.By combining the photovoltaic performance tests and electron spin resonance test,the possible photoreduction of Cr(Ⅵ)mechanism in DZU-64 was analyzed.
文摘As the acceleration of aged population tendency, building models to forecast Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is essential. In this article, we surveyed 1157 interviewees. By analyzing the results using three machine learning methods—BP neural network, SVM and random forest, we can derive the accuracy of them in forecasting AD, so that we can compare the methods in solving AD prediction. Among them, random forest is the most accurate method. Moreover, to combine the advantages of the methods, we build a new combination forecasting model based on the three machine learning models, which is proved more accurate than the models singly. At last, we give the conclusion of the connection between life style and AD, and provide several suggestions for elderly people to help them prevent AD.
文摘Traditional treatment selection of cancers mainly relies on clinical observations and doctor’s judgment, but most outcomes can hardly be predicted. Through Genomics Topology, we use 272 breast cancer patients’ clinical and gene information as an example to propose a treatment optimization and top gene identification system. This study faces certain challenges such as collinearity and the Curse of Dimensionality within data, so by the idea of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is implemented to resolve this issue. Several genes, for example, SLC40A1 and ACADSB, are found to be both statistically significant and biological-studies supported;the model developed can precisely predict breast cancer mortality, recurrence time, and survival time, with an average MSE of 3.697, accuracy rate of 88.97%, and F1 score of 0.911. The result and methodology used in this study provide a channel for people to further look into the more precise prediction of other cancer outcomes through machine learning and assist in the discovery of targetable pathways for next-generation cancer treatment methods.
文摘Cancer genomic research is a relatively new method. It has shown great potential but faces certain challenges. Researchers often have to deal with tens of thousands of genes with a relatively small sample size of patient cases—a dilemma referred to as the “Curse of Dimensionality” [1]—and it makes it hard to learn the data well because of relatively sparse data in high dimensional space. To deal with the dilemma, this study uses p-values of individual genes for pathway enrichment to find statistically significant pathways. The aim of this study is to find significant genes and biological pathways that are related to lung cancer by statistical method and pathway enrichment analysis. Several significant genes, such as WNT2B, VAV2, and significant pathways, such as Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450-Homo sapiens (human) and Fatty acid degradation-Homo sapiens (human), are found to be both statistically significant and biological studies supported. Significant genes-including TESK2, C5orf43, and ZSCAN21—and significant pathways such as Pentose and glucoronate interconversions-Homo sapiens (human), are found to be new cancer-related genes and pathways that worth laboratory studies. The idea and method used in this research can be applied to find more significant genes and pathways that worth study experimentally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32360380,32360278)the Guizhou Provincial Key Technology R&D Program(General[2023]111)the Basic Research Program in Guizhou Province(ZK[2022]General 098,ZK[2022]General 036,ZK[2022]General 079).
文摘The interspecific variations of plant functional traits can characterize the niche positions of species within communities,while the intraspecific variations can accurately display the species’niche breadth.Revealing relative contributions of intra-and interspecific variations to plant functional community structure is crucial in understanding how the species coexist together,especially in species-diverse ecosystems.To explore how the intra-and interspecific variations of plant functional traits change along the successional pathway in heterogeneous conditions,we established a series of plots and measured main plant functional traits along the natural regeneration in karst forest ecosystems.By quantifying the intra-and interspecific variations of plant functional traits,we found that the changes in intraspecific variations were relatively lower compared to changes in interspecific variations throughout the natural regeneration.Further analysis showed that the community spatial structure contributed more to the intraspecific variations of plant functional traits,while the soil physicochemical properties contributed more to interspecific variations.Our study suggested that tree species might tend to narrow their niche and change the positions to release the niche overlap when faced with heterogeneous habitat conditions.
文摘The navigation software uses the positioning system to determine the traffic conditions of the road sections in advance,so as to predict the travel time of the road sections.However,in the case of traffic congestion,the accuracy of its prediction time is low.After empirical analysis,this paper establishes a multi-factor synthesis by studying 7 factors:traffic flow,number of stops,traffic light duration,road network density,average speed,road area,and number of intersections the prediction function achieves the purpose of accurately predicting the transit time of congested road sections.The gray correlation coefficients of the seven factors obtained from the gray correlation analysis are:0.9827,0.9679,0.6747,0.8030,0.9445,0.8759,0.4328.The correlation coefficients of traffic volume,number of stops,average speed,and road congestion delay time were all about 95%,which were the main influencing factors of the study.The prediction needs to be based on functions.This paper fits the main influencing factors to the delay time of congested roads.It is found that the delay time varies parabolically with the traffic flow and the number of stops,and linearly with the average speed.Because the three impact factors have different weights on the delay time of congested roads,demand takes the weight of each factor.Therefore,the gray correlation coefficients occupied by the main influencing factors are normalized to obtain the weights of three of 0.340,0.334,and 0.326.The weighted fitting function is subjected to nonlinear summation processing to obtain a multi-factor comprehensive prediction function.By comparing the original data with the fitting data and calculating the accuracy of the fitting function,it is found that the accuracy of each fitting function is close to 0,the residual error,the relative error is small,and the accuracy is high.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong province(2022A1515010161)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515130008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977062).
文摘Phase change materials have attracted significant attention owing to their promising applications in many aspects.However,it is seriously restricted by some drawbacks such as obvious leakage,relatively low thermal conductivity,and easily flame properties.Herein,a novel flame retardant form-stable composite phase change material(CPCM)with polyethylene glycol/epoxy resin/expanded graphite/magnesium hydroxide/zinc hydroxide(PEG/ER/EG/MH/ZH)has been successfully prepared and utilized in the battery module.The addition of MH and ZH(MH:ZH=1:2)as flame retardant additions can not only greatly improve the flame retardant effect but also maintain the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer.Further,the EG(5%)can provide the graphitization degree of residual char which is beneficial to building a more protective barrier.This designation of CPCM can exhibit leakage-proof,high thermal conductivity(increasing 400%-500%)and prominent flammable retardant performance.Especially at 3C discharge rate,the maximum temperature is controlled below 54.2℃and the temperature difference is maintained within 2.2℃in the battery module,which presents a superior thermal management effect.This work suggests an efficient and feasible approach toward exploiting a multifunctional phase change material for thermal management systems for electric vehicles and energy storage fields.
基金supported in part by the Research Project of Digital Grid Research Institute,China Southern Power Grid(No.YTYZW20010)in part by the Research and Development Program Project in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(No.2021B0101230003)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51907031)。
文摘In the electricity market environment,the regional integrated energy system(RIES)can reduce the total operation cost by participating in electricity market transactions.However,the RIES will face the risk of load and electricity price uncertainties,which may make its operation cost higher than expected.This paper proposes a method to optimize the operation cost of the RIES in the electricity market environment considering uncertainty.Firstly,based on the operation cost structure of the RIES in the electricity market environment,the energy flow relationship of the RIES is analyzed,and the operation cost model of the RIES is built.Then,the electricity purchase costs of the RIES in the medium-and long-term electricity markets,the spot electricity market,and the retail electricity market are analyzed.Finally,considering the risk of load and electricity price uncertainties,the operation cost optimization model of the RIES is established based on conditional value-at-risk.Then it is solved to obtain the operation cost optimization strategy of the RIES.Verification results show that the proposed operation cost optimization method can reduce the operation cost of high electricity price scenario by optimizing the energy purchase and distribution strategy,constrain the risk of load and electricity price uncertainties,and help balance the risks and benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50908163).
文摘The effects of different human walking patterns on contaminant dispersion in residential kitchens were investigated through computational fluid dynamics simulation with the dynamic mesh method.A tracer gas experiment was performed to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the simulation method.Flow characteristics induced by human walking were minutely described,and the transient capture efficiency of the range hood was adopted to assess the impact of human walking quantitatively.Human walking parallel to a counter,human walking parallel to a counter manned by another human,and human walking toward a counter were studied.Results showed that the mutual effect of the wake and thermal plume caused contaminant dispersion and decreased the performance of the range hood as the human subject walked beside the counter.Even a standing person operated ahead the counter,the wake would affect the thermal plume in a certain extent.The decrement of capture efficiency approached 0.5 in the most unfavorable situation.Moreover,the coaction of the positive/negative pressure zone and impinging air jet drew the thermal plume to the human body.The fluctuation of capture efficiency in this condition was moderate relative to that for the human walking pattern beside the counter.This research could provide a comprehensive overview of different human walking patterns and their impact on residential kitchens and thereby facilitate the maintenance of kitchen air quality.
基金Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince,Grant/Award Number:LY19E020007CityUniversity ofHongKong,111 Project,Grant/Award Number:D20015。
文摘The efficient electrocatalysis plays the key role in the development of electrochemical energy conversion technologies to alleviate energy crisis.Given their multiple active sites and large specific surface areas as electrocatalysts,metalorganic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have attracted considerable interests in recent years.Specially,exploring the roles of the enhanced active sites inMOFs and their derivatives is significant for understanding and developing new effective electrocatalysts.Recently,the vital role of vacancies has been proven to promote electrocatalytic processes(such as H2 or O2 evolution reactions,O2 reduction reactions,and N2 reduction reactions).In order to in-depth exploring the effect of vacancies in electrocatalysts,the vacancies classification,synthetic strategy,and the recent development of various vacancies inMOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are reviewed.Also,the perspectives on the challenges and opportunities of vacancies inMOFs and their derivatives for electrocatalysis are presented.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2019J01646).
文摘The present study is concerned with unsteady natural convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of fractional second-grade nanofuids for different particle shapes.Nonlinear boundary layer governing equations are formulated with time fractional derivatives in the momentum equation.The governing boundary layer equations of continuity,momentum and energy are reduced by dimensionless variable.Numerical solutions of the momentum and energy equations are obtained by the finite difference method combined with L1-algorithm.The quantites of physical interest are graphically presented and discussed in details.It is found that particle shape,fractional derivative parameter and the Grashof number have profound influences on the the flow and heat transfer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12371168)in part by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22DZ2229014)。
文摘In this paper,we focus on the dynamics of the modified Leslie Gower model with a weak Allee effect and fear effect on predators.Assuming that the inherent growth rate of prey is much faster than that of predators,this becomes a singular perturbation problem.Based on the geometric singular perturbation theory,we prove the existence of canard cycles and relaxation oscillation and provide an asymptotic expression of the relaxation oscillation period.Furthermore,it demonstrates that,under certain conditions,the degenerate transcritical bifurcation point is a global attractor using geometric singular perturbation theory,the center manifold theorem and the blow-up method.Numerical simulations verify the theoretical results.
