Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been widely applied in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)on account of unique morphology,simple fabrication,and ultra-high porosity.Nevertheless,the facile method of ...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been widely applied in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)on account of unique morphology,simple fabrication,and ultra-high porosity.Nevertheless,the facile method of protecting its structure from being destroyed remains challenging.Herein,we proposed a hydrothermal method combined with a carbonization strategy to construct the 0D/1D/2D Fe_(3)C@NC@Mo_(2)C/Fe_(3)C composites.Owing to the incorporation of polydopamine(PDA),the carbon shell formed during high-temperature carbonization effectively protected the original MIL-88A rod-like structure,and the 2D Mo_(2)C nano-sheets and 1D Fe_(3)C nanoparticles were coated on the surface of 1D Fe_(3)C nanorods.With the increase in carbonization temperature,the EMWA properties of the composites presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Impressively,the composites(at 750℃)exhibited praiseworthy EMWA performances with a minimum reflection loss value of−43.70 dB at 8.00 GHz,alongside a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.08 GHz(11.20-17.28 GHz).Density functional theory calculations confirmed the distinctive charge distribution resulting from the heterointerface,which is beneficial to the polarization loss and conductive loss.As a result,the outstanding EMWA performance was credited to the distinctive hierarchical structure,appropriate impedance matching,numerous heterogeneous interfaces,and magnetic loss.Moreover,Radar cross-section calculations indicated that the composites have tremendous potential for practical application.Thus,this work may pave new avenues for designing high-performance and structure-controllable absorbing materials.展开更多
Natural biomass-derived carbon material is one promising alternative to traditional graphene-based catalyst for oxygen electrocatalysis.However,their electrocatalytic performance were constrained by the limited modula...Natural biomass-derived carbon material is one promising alternative to traditional graphene-based catalyst for oxygen electrocatalysis.However,their electrocatalytic performance were constrained by the limited modulating strategy.Herein,using N-doped commercial coconut shell-derived activated carbon(AC)as catalyst model,the controllably enhanced sp^(2)-C domains,through an flash Joule heating process,effectively improve the edge defect density and overall graphitization degree of AC catalyst,which tunes the electronic structure of N configurations and accelerates electron transfer,leading to excellent oxygen reduction reaction performance(half-wave potential of 0.884 VRHE,equivalent to commercial 20%Pt/C,with a higher kinetic current density of 5.88 mA cm^(−2))and oxygen evolution reaction activity(overpotential of 295 mV at 10 mA cm^(2)).In a Zn-air battery,the catalyst shows outstanding cycle stability(over 1200 h)and a peak power density of 121 mW cm^(−2),surpassing commercial Pt/C and RuO_(2)catalysts.Density functional theory simulation reveals that the enhanced catalytic activity arises from the axial regulation of local sp^(2)-C domains.This work establishes a robust strategy for sp^(2)-C domain modulation,offering broad applicability in natural biomass-based carbon catalysts for electrocatalysis.展开更多
Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viab...Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viability,and simple processing.However,due to the high dielectric properties,mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism,they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance.Herein,the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature,the sample obtained at 650℃ achieved a minimum reflection value(RLmin)of-34.2dB at a matching thickness of 2.6mm,and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.12GHz.The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network,a large number of heterogeneous interfaces,and dipole polarization centers,which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves,conduction loss,interface loss,magnetic loss,and impedance matching of materials.Therefore,this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.展开更多
Transition metal selenides(TMSs),as promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries(SIBs),still face sluggish Na+diffusion kinetics and severe volume change,resulting in undesirable cycling stability and rate capab...Transition metal selenides(TMSs),as promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries(SIBs),still face sluggish Na+diffusion kinetics and severe volume change,resulting in undesirable cycling stability and rate capability.Heterostructure construction is an effective method to improve sodium ion storage in TMSs.Herein,a hierarchical hollow heterostructure of CoSe_(2)@SnSe is precisely designed through a facile coprecipitation process followed by a selenization strategy.The heterostructure constructed by CoSe_(2)and SnSe nanocrystals induces the formation of built-in electric fields and accelerates electron transfer and ion diffusion,thereby improving reaction kinetics significantly.When the as-prepared CoSe_(2)@SnSe composites are employed as anode materials of SIBs,there exhibit ultra-fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and outstanding cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 488.9 mAh g^(-1)at a current density of 2.0 A g^(-1)after 900 cycles.In addition,there still shows an exceptional rate capability of 409.5 mAh g^(-1)at a high current density of 10 A g^(-1).This work provides an effective method for the rational designing of heterostructure anode materials for high-performance SIBs.展开更多
Plato’s philosophy of natural education revolves around his conception of“natural right.”The primary goal of natural education is to guide learners to consciously reflect on the“Form of the Good,”thereby fosterin...Plato’s philosophy of natural education revolves around his conception of“natural right.”The primary goal of natural education is to guide learners to consciously reflect on the“Form of the Good,”thereby fostering the natural reorientation of the soul and its inner harmony through the influence of Eros and the process of recollection.This transformative process facilitates the spontaneous emergence of a socially stratified order rooted in natural right.Embedded primarily in The Republic,Plato’s philosophy of natural education emphasizes child-rearing practices as foundational to cultivating virtuous citizens.This study examines The Republic as its central text,analyzing the theoretical underpinnings,practical principles,and ultimate aims of Plato’s natural education philosophy.Additionally,it explores the contemporary relevance of this philosophy for modern educational theory and practice.展开更多
In the post-lithium-ion battery era,potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)show great potential due to their high energy density and economic competitiveness from abundant potassium resources.In comparison with traditional orga...In the post-lithium-ion battery era,potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)show great potential due to their high energy density and economic competitiveness from abundant potassium resources.In comparison with traditional organic electrolytes,aqueous electrolytes bring lower costs,higher safety,and more environmentally friendly preparation processes for PIBs.Against this background,aqueous PIBs(APIBs)have gradually become a research hotspot in the past few years.Cathodes,a critical component of APIBs,directly affect energy density,safety,and stability.Herein,this review systematically summarizes the research progress of typical APIB cathode materials,some breakthrough investigations of which are highlighted.Meanwhile,material synthesis methods,electrolyte design strategies,electrochemical performance optimization pathways,and electrochemical reaction mechanisms are introduced briefly.Finally,the current challenges and corresponding improvement strategies are proposed to provide a reference for further development.展开更多
Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties,thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage application...Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties,thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage applications.In this regard,their controllable synthesis in a large scale at low cost has readily become a focus of research.Herein we report diatomite-template generic and scalable production of VS2 and other transition metal sulfides targeting emerging energy conversion and storage applications.The conformal growth of VS2over diatomite template would endow them with defect-abundant features.Throughout detailed experimental investigation in combination with theoretical simulation,we reveal that the enriched active sites/sulfur vacancies of thus-derived VS2 architectures would pose positive impacts on the catalytic performance such in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions.We further show that the favorable electrical conductivity and highly exposed sites of VS2 hold promise for serving as sulfur host in the realm of Li-S batteries.Our work offers new insights into the templated and customized synthesis of defect-rich sulfides in a scalable fashion to benefit multifunctional energy applications.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium ox...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality.Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states.Meanwhile,their relatively low cost and superior material,structural,and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness.Although some inspiring research results have been achieved,many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs.Then,feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.展开更多
Considerable microwave absorption performance at elevated temperatures is highly demanded in both civil and military fields.Single dielectric or magnetic absorbers are difficult to attain efficient and broadband micro...Considerable microwave absorption performance at elevated temperatures is highly demanded in both civil and military fields.Single dielectric or magnetic absorbers are difficult to attain efficient and broadband microwave absorption at the high temperature range of 373 K-573 K,and the evolution mechanism of the microwave absorption is still unclear especially for the magnetic absorbers.Herein,ZnO coated flaky-FeCo composite is proposed to break through the bottleneck,which possesses microwave absorption(RL<-10 dB)that covering the whole X band(8.2 GHz-12.4 GHz)at the temperature range of 298 K-573 K with a thickness of only~2 mm.Moreover,attenuation mechanism and evolution of the microwave absorption properties for the FeCo@ZnO flaky material at elevated temperature has been clearly disclosed by the composition and microstructure characterizations,electromagnetic performance measurements and first principles calculations for the first time.Moreover,the Poynting vector,volume loss density,magnetic field(H)and electric field(E)are simulated by HFSS to understand the interaction between EM waves and the samples at different temperatures,further elaborating the attenuation mechanism in high-temperature environment.This study provides guidance in designing and developing high-temperature microwave absorbers for the next generation.展开更多
To reduce the comprehensive costs of the construction and operation of microgrids and to minimize the power fluctuations caused by randomness and intermittency in distributed generation,a double-layer optimizing confi...To reduce the comprehensive costs of the construction and operation of microgrids and to minimize the power fluctuations caused by randomness and intermittency in distributed generation,a double-layer optimizing configuration method of hybrid energy storage microgrid based on improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)is proposed.Firstly,building a microgrid system containing a wind-solar power station and electric-hydrogen coupling hybrid energy storage system.Secondly,the minimum comprehensive cost of the construction and operation of the microgrid is taken as the outer objective function,and the minimum peak-to-valley of the microgrid’s daily output is taken as the inner objective function.By iterating through the outer and inner layers,the system improves operational stability while achieving economic configuration.Then,using the energy-self-smoothness of the microgrid as the evaluation index,a double-layer optimizing configuration method of the microgrid is constructed.Finally,to improve the disadvantages of grey wolf optimization(GWO),such as slow convergence in the later period and easy falling into local optima,by introducing the convergence factor nonlinear adjustment strategy and Cauchy mutation operator,an IGWO with excellent global performance is proposed.After testing with the typical test functions,the superiority of IGWO is verified.Next,using IGWO to solve the double-layer model.The case analysis shows that compared to GWO and particle swarm optimization(PSO),the IGWO reduced the comprehensive cost by 15.6%and 18.8%,respectively.Therefore,the proposed double-layer optimizationmethod of capacity configuration ofmicrogrid with wind-solar-hybrid energy storage based on IGWO could effectively improve the independence and stability of the microgrid and significantly reduce the comprehensive cost.展开更多
Heterogeneous interface engineering is closely related to the structural design of electromagnetic absorbers;thus,the interface control through structural design is a considerable approach to optimize the electromagne...Heterogeneous interface engineering is closely related to the structural design of electromagnetic absorbers;thus,the interface control through structural design is a considerable approach to optimize the electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance.Herein,the 3D hierarchical structure composites composed of two-dimensional reduced graphite oxide(rGO)and hollow raspberry Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles was successfully fabricated by a simple pyrolysis and self-assembly process.This specific structure enriches the characteristics of interface polarization and dipole polarization,which further induces significant EWA behavior.By adjusting the amount of graphite oxide(GO),the complex dielectric constant of the obtained hybrids can be controlled,and the heterointerface can be cleverly adjusted.The minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of the typical products can be up to−73.86 dB at the thickness is only 1.35 mm,and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)can reach 5.1 GHz.This work demonstrates that the unique structure and tunable components can fully improve the potential of electromagnetic absorption performance,which provides basic guidance for the heterogeneous interface engineering of efficient electromagnetic functional materials.展开更多
An emerging practice in the realm of Li-S batteries lies in the employment of single-atom catalysts(SACs)as effective mediators to promote polysulfide conversion,but monometallic SACs affording isolated geometric disp...An emerging practice in the realm of Li-S batteries lies in the employment of single-atom catalysts(SACs)as effective mediators to promote polysulfide conversion,but monometallic SACs affording isolated geometric dispersion and sole electronic configuration limit the catalytic benefits and curtail the cell performance.Here,we propose a class of dual-atom catalytic moieties comprising hetero-or homo-atomic pairs anchored on N-doped graphene(NG)to unlock the liquid–solid redox puzzle of sulfur,readily realizing Li-S full cell under high-rate-charging conditions.As for Fe-Ni-NG,in-depth experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the hetero-atomic orbital coupling leads to altered energy levels,unique electronic structures,and varied Fe oxidation states in comparison with homo-atomic structures(FeFe-NG or Ni-Ni-NG).This would weaken the bonding energy of polysulfide intermediates and thus enable facile electrochemical kinetics to gain rapid liquid-solid Li_(2)S_(4)?Li_(2)S conversion.Encouragingly,a Li-S battery based on the S@Fe-Ni-NG cathode demonstrates unprecedented fast-charging capability,documenting impressive rate performance(542.7 mA h g^(-1)at 10.0 C)and favorable cyclic stability(a capacity decay of 0.016%per cycle over 3000 cycles at 10.0 C).This finding offers insights to the rational design and application of dual-atom mediators for Li-S batteries.展开更多
Epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis are essential for animal development and tissue regeneration, and epithelial disorganization is associated with developmental disorders and tumorigenesis. However, the molecula...Epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis are essential for animal development and tissue regeneration, and epithelial disorganization is associated with developmental disorders and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the morphogenesis and homeostasis of the epithelium remain elusive. Herein, we report a novel role for the cylindromatosis （CYLD） tumor suppressor in these events. Our results show that CYLD depletion disrupts epithelial organization in both Drosophila egg chambers and mouse skin and intestinal epithelia. Microscopic analysis of proliferating cells in mouse epithelial tissues and cultured organoids reveals that loss of CYLD synergizes with tumor-promoting agents to cause the misorientation of the mitotic spindle. Mechanistic studies show that CYLD accu- mulates at the cell cortex in epithelial tissues and cultured ceils, where it promotes the formation of epithelial adherens junctions through the modulation of microtuhule dynamics. These data suggest that CYLD controls epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis by modulating the assembly of adherens junctions and ensuring proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. Our findings thus provide novel insight into the role of CYLD in development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is a valuable chemical for a wide variety of applications. The environmentally friendly production route of the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2) has become an attractive a...Hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is a valuable chemical for a wide variety of applications. The environmentally friendly production route of the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2) has become an attractive alternative to the traditional anthraquinone process. The efficiency of electrosynthesis process depends considerably on the availability of cost-effective catalysts with high selectivity, activity, and stability.Currently, there are many outstanding issues in the preparation of highly selective catalysts, the exploration of the interface electrolysis environment, and the construction of electrolysis devices, which have led to extensive research efforts. Distinct from the existing few comprehensive review articles on H_(2)O_(2) production by two-electron oxygen reduction, the present review first explains the principle of the oxygen reduction reaction and then highlights recent advances in the regulation and control strategies of different types of catalysts. Key factors of electrode structure and device design are discussed. In addition,we highlight the promising co-production combination of this system with renewable energy or energy storage systems. This review can help introduce the potential of oxygen reduction electrochemical production of high-flux H_(2)O_(2) to the commercial market.展开更多
In this paper, we study the bases and base sets of primitive symmetric loop-free （generalized） signed digraphs on n vertices. We obtain sharp upper bounds of the bases, and show that the base sets of the classes of ...In this paper, we study the bases and base sets of primitive symmetric loop-free （generalized） signed digraphs on n vertices. We obtain sharp upper bounds of the bases, and show that the base sets of the classes of such digraphs are （2, 3,..., 2n - 1}. We also give a new proof of an important result obtained by Cheng and Liu.展开更多
In the past decades,many materials have been studied as carriers for targeted drug delivery.However,there is a need for utilizable and selective carrier materials with few side effects.Here,the magnetic Ganoderma Luci...In the past decades,many materials have been studied as carriers for targeted drug delivery.However,there is a need for utilizable and selective carrier materials with few side effects.Here,the magnetic Ganoderma Lucidum Spores(mGLS)as a highly efficient targeted drug delivery carrier were explored.Then the regulatable targeted drug delivery system was verified by loading and releasing of the 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU).The results showed that the maximum of the loaded 5-FU reached 250.23 mg·g^(−1)in the mGLS.The cumulative release of the 5-FU for the drug delivery system could reach 80.11%and 67.14%in the PBS and HCl after 48 h,respectively.In addition,this system showed the good pharmacokinetic properties in vivo.After 12 h,the blood concentration in the 5-FU@mGLS group kept at 5.3µg·mL^(−1)and was four times higher than that in the 5-FU group.In summary,the GLS as a natural microscale core-shell structures appears the striking application in carrier material for oral drug delivery.展开更多
Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which determine the performance and safety of LIBs.Currently,graphite,as the anode material of commercial LIBs,is limited by its low theoretical cap...Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which determine the performance and safety of LIBs.Currently,graphite,as the anode material of commercial LIBs,is limited by its low theoretical capacity of 372 mA·h·g^(−1),thus hindering further development toward high-capacity and large-scale applications.Alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides are considered a promising candidate to replace graphite because of their low preparation cost,good thermal stability,superior stability,and high electrochemical performance.Nonetheless,many issues and challenges remain to be addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides as LIB anodes.Meanwhile,the material and structural properties,synthesis methods,electrochemical reaction mechanisms,and improvement strategies are introduced.Finally,existing challenges and future research directions are discussed to accelerate their practical application in commercial LIBs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173267,21667019,and 22066017)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.22KJB430043).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been widely applied in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)on account of unique morphology,simple fabrication,and ultra-high porosity.Nevertheless,the facile method of protecting its structure from being destroyed remains challenging.Herein,we proposed a hydrothermal method combined with a carbonization strategy to construct the 0D/1D/2D Fe_(3)C@NC@Mo_(2)C/Fe_(3)C composites.Owing to the incorporation of polydopamine(PDA),the carbon shell formed during high-temperature carbonization effectively protected the original MIL-88A rod-like structure,and the 2D Mo_(2)C nano-sheets and 1D Fe_(3)C nanoparticles were coated on the surface of 1D Fe_(3)C nanorods.With the increase in carbonization temperature,the EMWA properties of the composites presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Impressively,the composites(at 750℃)exhibited praiseworthy EMWA performances with a minimum reflection loss value of−43.70 dB at 8.00 GHz,alongside a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.08 GHz(11.20-17.28 GHz).Density functional theory calculations confirmed the distinctive charge distribution resulting from the heterointerface,which is beneficial to the polarization loss and conductive loss.As a result,the outstanding EMWA performance was credited to the distinctive hierarchical structure,appropriate impedance matching,numerous heterogeneous interfaces,and magnetic loss.Moreover,Radar cross-section calculations indicated that the composites have tremendous potential for practical application.Thus,this work may pave new avenues for designing high-performance and structure-controllable absorbing materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32371810)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M731702)+5 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB4203702)the Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province (BK20221338)Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials,Nanjing Forestry Universitymerit-based funding for Nanjing innovation and technology projectsthe Foundation of Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material (JSBEM-S-202101)
文摘Natural biomass-derived carbon material is one promising alternative to traditional graphene-based catalyst for oxygen electrocatalysis.However,their electrocatalytic performance were constrained by the limited modulating strategy.Herein,using N-doped commercial coconut shell-derived activated carbon(AC)as catalyst model,the controllably enhanced sp^(2)-C domains,through an flash Joule heating process,effectively improve the edge defect density and overall graphitization degree of AC catalyst,which tunes the electronic structure of N configurations and accelerates electron transfer,leading to excellent oxygen reduction reaction performance(half-wave potential of 0.884 VRHE,equivalent to commercial 20%Pt/C,with a higher kinetic current density of 5.88 mA cm^(−2))and oxygen evolution reaction activity(overpotential of 295 mV at 10 mA cm^(2)).In a Zn-air battery,the catalyst shows outstanding cycle stability(over 1200 h)and a peak power density of 121 mW cm^(−2),surpassing commercial Pt/C and RuO_(2)catalysts.Density functional theory simulation reveals that the enhanced catalytic activity arises from the axial regulation of local sp^(2)-C domains.This work establishes a robust strategy for sp^(2)-C domain modulation,offering broad applicability in natural biomass-based carbon catalysts for electrocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21667019,22066017,and 52173267)the Aviation Science Foundation of China(No.2017ZF56020).
文摘Currently,carbon materials derived from biomass are widely sought after as electromagnetic absorbing(EMWA)materials owing to the unique structure,as well as the wide range of natural acquisition pathways,economic viability,and simple processing.However,due to the high dielectric properties,mismatched impedance and single attenuation mechanism,they cannot achieve efficient EMWA performance.Herein,the biomass carbon/Co/porous carbon magnetic composites with a layered gradient structure were fabricated by in-situ deposition of ZIF-67 on the lotus leaf base and then pyrolysis at high temperature.By adjusting the pyrolysis temperature,the sample obtained at 650℃ achieved a minimum reflection value(RLmin)of-34.2dB at a matching thickness of 2.6mm,and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.12GHz.The results indicate that this magnetic composite with a multi-sized layered gradient porous structure has a good electron transport network,a large number of heterogeneous interfaces,and dipole polarization centers,which are conducive to multiple reflection and scattering of microwaves,conduction loss,interface loss,magnetic loss,and impedance matching of materials.Therefore,this work provided a reference for optimizing the EMWA performance of carbon materials and designing a layered gradient porous magnetic composite with multi-sized structure.
基金the financial support from the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC2403047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22211530046)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.DUT23BK022DUT24YG212)the Yingkou Science and Technology Bureau,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(Grant No.FZ2023009)。
文摘Transition metal selenides(TMSs),as promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries(SIBs),still face sluggish Na+diffusion kinetics and severe volume change,resulting in undesirable cycling stability and rate capability.Heterostructure construction is an effective method to improve sodium ion storage in TMSs.Herein,a hierarchical hollow heterostructure of CoSe_(2)@SnSe is precisely designed through a facile coprecipitation process followed by a selenization strategy.The heterostructure constructed by CoSe_(2)and SnSe nanocrystals induces the formation of built-in electric fields and accelerates electron transfer and ion diffusion,thereby improving reaction kinetics significantly.When the as-prepared CoSe_(2)@SnSe composites are employed as anode materials of SIBs,there exhibit ultra-fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and outstanding cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 488.9 mAh g^(-1)at a current density of 2.0 A g^(-1)after 900 cycles.In addition,there still shows an exceptional rate capability of 409.5 mAh g^(-1)at a high current density of 10 A g^(-1).This work provides an effective method for the rational designing of heterostructure anode materials for high-performance SIBs.
文摘Plato’s philosophy of natural education revolves around his conception of“natural right.”The primary goal of natural education is to guide learners to consciously reflect on the“Form of the Good,”thereby fostering the natural reorientation of the soul and its inner harmony through the influence of Eros and the process of recollection.This transformative process facilitates the spontaneous emergence of a socially stratified order rooted in natural right.Embedded primarily in The Republic,Plato’s philosophy of natural education emphasizes child-rearing practices as foundational to cultivating virtuous citizens.This study examines The Republic as its central text,analyzing the theoretical underpinnings,practical principles,and ultimate aims of Plato’s natural education philosophy.Additionally,it explores the contemporary relevance of this philosophy for modern educational theory and practice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201259,52202286,52002094)the Education Department of Liaoning Province(JYTQN2023285)+5 种基金the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University,Ministry of Education)the Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province(2024-BSLH-172,JYTMS20231216)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY24B030006)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(ZG2024055)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(RCBS20210706092218040)。
文摘In the post-lithium-ion battery era,potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)show great potential due to their high energy density and economic competitiveness from abundant potassium resources.In comparison with traditional organic electrolytes,aqueous electrolytes bring lower costs,higher safety,and more environmentally friendly preparation processes for PIBs.Against this background,aqueous PIBs(APIBs)have gradually become a research hotspot in the past few years.Cathodes,a critical component of APIBs,directly affect energy density,safety,and stability.Herein,this review systematically summarizes the research progress of typical APIB cathode materials,some breakthrough investigations of which are highlighted.Meanwhile,material synthesis methods,electrolyte design strategies,electrochemical performance optimization pathways,and electrochemical reaction mechanisms are introduced briefly.Finally,the current challenges and corresponding improvement strategies are proposed to provide a reference for further development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51702225,21671059,51702218)Jiangsu Youth Science Foundation(no.BK20170336)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-17R36).
文摘Transition metal chalcogenides have nowadays garnered burgeoning interest owing to their fascinating electronic and catalytic properties,thus possessing great implications for energy conversion and storage applications.In this regard,their controllable synthesis in a large scale at low cost has readily become a focus of research.Herein we report diatomite-template generic and scalable production of VS2 and other transition metal sulfides targeting emerging energy conversion and storage applications.The conformal growth of VS2over diatomite template would endow them with defect-abundant features.Throughout detailed experimental investigation in combination with theoretical simulation,we reveal that the enriched active sites/sulfur vacancies of thus-derived VS2 architectures would pose positive impacts on the catalytic performance such in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions.We further show that the favorable electrical conductivity and highly exposed sites of VS2 hold promise for serving as sulfur host in the realm of Li-S batteries.Our work offers new insights into the templated and customized synthesis of defect-rich sulfides in a scalable fashion to benefit multifunctional energy applications.
基金the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the Key R&D project of Liaoning Province of China(2020JH2/10300079)+2 种基金the“Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”(2018921006)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1908034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571132).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)have been considered as promising candidates in the post-lithium-ion battery era.Till now,a large number of materials have been used as electrode materials for PIBs,among which vanadium oxides exhibit great potentiality.Vanadium oxides can provide multiple electron transfers during electrochemical reactions because vanadium possesses a variety of oxidation states.Meanwhile,their relatively low cost and superior material,structural,and physicochemical properties endow them with strong competitiveness.Although some inspiring research results have been achieved,many issues and challenges remain to be further addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of vanadium oxides for PIBs.Then,feasible improvement strategies for the material properties and electrochemical performance are introduced.Finally,the existing challenges and perspectives are discussed with a view to promoting the development of vanadium oxides and accelerating their practical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3502500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51802155 and 51801103)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180443)the"Shuangchuang Doctor"Foundation of Jiangsu Provincethe Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2018ZF52078)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671478)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.NT2021023)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Considerable microwave absorption performance at elevated temperatures is highly demanded in both civil and military fields.Single dielectric or magnetic absorbers are difficult to attain efficient and broadband microwave absorption at the high temperature range of 373 K-573 K,and the evolution mechanism of the microwave absorption is still unclear especially for the magnetic absorbers.Herein,ZnO coated flaky-FeCo composite is proposed to break through the bottleneck,which possesses microwave absorption(RL<-10 dB)that covering the whole X band(8.2 GHz-12.4 GHz)at the temperature range of 298 K-573 K with a thickness of only~2 mm.Moreover,attenuation mechanism and evolution of the microwave absorption properties for the FeCo@ZnO flaky material at elevated temperature has been clearly disclosed by the composition and microstructure characterizations,electromagnetic performance measurements and first principles calculations for the first time.Moreover,the Poynting vector,volume loss density,magnetic field(H)and electric field(E)are simulated by HFSS to understand the interaction between EM waves and the samples at different temperatures,further elaborating the attenuation mechanism in high-temperature environment.This study provides guidance in designing and developing high-temperature microwave absorbers for the next generation.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China Under Grant 61961017Key R&D Plan Projects in Hubei Province 2022BAA060.
文摘To reduce the comprehensive costs of the construction and operation of microgrids and to minimize the power fluctuations caused by randomness and intermittency in distributed generation,a double-layer optimizing configuration method of hybrid energy storage microgrid based on improved grey wolf optimization(IGWO)is proposed.Firstly,building a microgrid system containing a wind-solar power station and electric-hydrogen coupling hybrid energy storage system.Secondly,the minimum comprehensive cost of the construction and operation of the microgrid is taken as the outer objective function,and the minimum peak-to-valley of the microgrid’s daily output is taken as the inner objective function.By iterating through the outer and inner layers,the system improves operational stability while achieving economic configuration.Then,using the energy-self-smoothness of the microgrid as the evaluation index,a double-layer optimizing configuration method of the microgrid is constructed.Finally,to improve the disadvantages of grey wolf optimization(GWO),such as slow convergence in the later period and easy falling into local optima,by introducing the convergence factor nonlinear adjustment strategy and Cauchy mutation operator,an IGWO with excellent global performance is proposed.After testing with the typical test functions,the superiority of IGWO is verified.Next,using IGWO to solve the double-layer model.The case analysis shows that compared to GWO and particle swarm optimization(PSO),the IGWO reduced the comprehensive cost by 15.6%and 18.8%,respectively.Therefore,the proposed double-layer optimizationmethod of capacity configuration ofmicrogrid with wind-solar-hybrid energy storage based on IGWO could effectively improve the independence and stability of the microgrid and significantly reduce the comprehensive cost.
基金support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971111 and 52273247)the Fund of Prospective Layout of Scientific Research for NUAA(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(No.ILA220461A22).
文摘Heterogeneous interface engineering is closely related to the structural design of electromagnetic absorbers;thus,the interface control through structural design is a considerable approach to optimize the electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance.Herein,the 3D hierarchical structure composites composed of two-dimensional reduced graphite oxide(rGO)and hollow raspberry Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles was successfully fabricated by a simple pyrolysis and self-assembly process.This specific structure enriches the characteristics of interface polarization and dipole polarization,which further induces significant EWA behavior.By adjusting the amount of graphite oxide(GO),the complex dielectric constant of the obtained hybrids can be controlled,and the heterointerface can be cleverly adjusted.The minimum reflection loss(RLmin)of the typical products can be up to−73.86 dB at the thickness is only 1.35 mm,and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)can reach 5.1 GHz.This work demonstrates that the unique structure and tunable components can fully improve the potential of electromagnetic absorption performance,which provides basic guidance for the heterogeneous interface engineering of efficient electromagnetic functional materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179089)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_3245)support from Suzhou Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies,Suzhou,China。
文摘An emerging practice in the realm of Li-S batteries lies in the employment of single-atom catalysts(SACs)as effective mediators to promote polysulfide conversion,but monometallic SACs affording isolated geometric dispersion and sole electronic configuration limit the catalytic benefits and curtail the cell performance.Here,we propose a class of dual-atom catalytic moieties comprising hetero-or homo-atomic pairs anchored on N-doped graphene(NG)to unlock the liquid–solid redox puzzle of sulfur,readily realizing Li-S full cell under high-rate-charging conditions.As for Fe-Ni-NG,in-depth experimental and theoretical analysis reveal that the hetero-atomic orbital coupling leads to altered energy levels,unique electronic structures,and varied Fe oxidation states in comparison with homo-atomic structures(FeFe-NG or Ni-Ni-NG).This would weaken the bonding energy of polysulfide intermediates and thus enable facile electrochemical kinetics to gain rapid liquid-solid Li_(2)S_(4)?Li_(2)S conversion.Encouragingly,a Li-S battery based on the S@Fe-Ni-NG cathode demonstrates unprecedented fast-charging capability,documenting impressive rate performance(542.7 mA h g^(-1)at 10.0 C)and favorable cyclic stability(a capacity decay of 0.016%per cycle over 3000 cycles at 10.0 C).This finding offers insights to the rational design and application of dual-atom mediators for Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31271437,31371382,31471262 and 31671403)
文摘Epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis are essential for animal development and tissue regeneration, and epithelial disorganization is associated with developmental disorders and tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the morphogenesis and homeostasis of the epithelium remain elusive. Herein, we report a novel role for the cylindromatosis （CYLD） tumor suppressor in these events. Our results show that CYLD depletion disrupts epithelial organization in both Drosophila egg chambers and mouse skin and intestinal epithelia. Microscopic analysis of proliferating cells in mouse epithelial tissues and cultured organoids reveals that loss of CYLD synergizes with tumor-promoting agents to cause the misorientation of the mitotic spindle. Mechanistic studies show that CYLD accu- mulates at the cell cortex in epithelial tissues and cultured ceils, where it promotes the formation of epithelial adherens junctions through the modulation of microtuhule dynamics. These data suggest that CYLD controls epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis by modulating the assembly of adherens junctions and ensuring proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. Our findings thus provide novel insight into the role of CYLD in development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702225, 22179089)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is a valuable chemical for a wide variety of applications. The environmentally friendly production route of the electrochemical reduction of O_(2)to H_(2)O_(2) has become an attractive alternative to the traditional anthraquinone process. The efficiency of electrosynthesis process depends considerably on the availability of cost-effective catalysts with high selectivity, activity, and stability.Currently, there are many outstanding issues in the preparation of highly selective catalysts, the exploration of the interface electrolysis environment, and the construction of electrolysis devices, which have led to extensive research efforts. Distinct from the existing few comprehensive review articles on H_(2)O_(2) production by two-electron oxygen reduction, the present review first explains the principle of the oxygen reduction reaction and then highlights recent advances in the regulation and control strategies of different types of catalysts. Key factors of electrode structure and device design are discussed. In addition,we highlight the promising co-production combination of this system with renewable energy or energy storage systems. This review can help introduce the potential of oxygen reduction electrochemical production of high-flux H_(2)O_(2) to the commercial market.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1090106111071088)the Zhujiang Technology New Star Foundation of Guangzhou(Grant No.2011J2200090)
文摘In this paper, we study the bases and base sets of primitive symmetric loop-free （generalized） signed digraphs on n vertices. We obtain sharp upper bounds of the bases, and show that the base sets of the classes of such digraphs are （2, 3,..., 2n - 1}. We also give a new proof of an important result obtained by Cheng and Liu.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1105400)Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Program(Nos.20190702002GH,2020C022-1,and YDZJ202102CXJD 007)Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(D17017).
文摘In the past decades,many materials have been studied as carriers for targeted drug delivery.However,there is a need for utilizable and selective carrier materials with few side effects.Here,the magnetic Ganoderma Lucidum Spores(mGLS)as a highly efficient targeted drug delivery carrier were explored.Then the regulatable targeted drug delivery system was verified by loading and releasing of the 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU).The results showed that the maximum of the loaded 5-FU reached 250.23 mg·g^(−1)in the mGLS.The cumulative release of the 5-FU for the drug delivery system could reach 80.11%and 67.14%in the PBS and HCl after 48 h,respectively.In addition,this system showed the good pharmacokinetic properties in vivo.After 12 h,the blood concentration in the 5-FU@mGLS group kept at 5.3µg·mL^(−1)and was four times higher than that in the 5-FU group.In summary,the GLS as a natural microscale core-shell structures appears the striking application in carrier material for oral drug delivery.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571132)+1 种基金Jiangsu University Advanced Talent Fund(5501710002)the Education Department of Liaoning Province(JYTQN2023285).
文摘Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which determine the performance and safety of LIBs.Currently,graphite,as the anode material of commercial LIBs,is limited by its low theoretical capacity of 372 mA·h·g^(−1),thus hindering further development toward high-capacity and large-scale applications.Alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides are considered a promising candidate to replace graphite because of their low preparation cost,good thermal stability,superior stability,and high electrochemical performance.Nonetheless,many issues and challenges remain to be addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides as LIB anodes.Meanwhile,the material and structural properties,synthesis methods,electrochemical reaction mechanisms,and improvement strategies are introduced.Finally,existing challenges and future research directions are discussed to accelerate their practical application in commercial LIBs.
