Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders,is pathologically characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,leading to muscle weakness...Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders,is pathologically characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,leading to muscle weakness,paralysis,and death within 2–4 years post-diagnosis.ALS is categorized into familial ALS(FALS)and sporadic ALS,with FALS accounting for approximately 10%of ALS cases.As a genetically heterogeneous disease,ALS exhibits diverse inheritance patterns,including autosomal dominant,autosomal recessive,and X-linked transmission,and genetic factors play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis.To date,at least 34 disease-causing loci and 32 genes for ALS have been identified.The investigations of mutant protein products and the establishment of animal models have unraveled potential pathogenic pathways,offering insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS.This review focuses on ALS clinical characteristics,neuropathological features,causative loci/genes,genetic susceptibility factors,animal models,and pathogenic mechanisms,with particular attention to recent advances in genetic findings and pathogenic pathways of ALS.Elucidation of the genetic basis of ALS could provide the scientific foundation for personalized treatments to address this recalcitrant disease.展开更多
To the Editor:Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,and chronic inflammation caused by colitis,especially ulcerative colitis,increases the risk of colorectal cancer.Compared with sporadic color...To the Editor:Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,and chronic inflammation caused by colitis,especially ulcerative colitis,increases the risk of colorectal cancer.Compared with sporadic colorectal cancer whose hallmark is constitutive activation of Wingless/b-catenin signaling and the adenomacarcinoma sequence,P53 and K-Ras mutations,which occur earlier,adenomatous polyposis coli occurs later during the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC).Surgery and chemotherapy are the preferred treatments of CAC,but long-term use of first-line chemotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan is limited by drug resistance or adverse reactions.Therefore,it is necessary for us to identify“green”drugs.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)are complex and diverse and are found in nature.The anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,antioxidant,antitumor,antiradiation,and immunomodulatory activity of TCMs have been extensively studied.TCMs are more able than synthesized drugs to prevent inflammation from progressing to cancer.This review summarizes the advantages of TCMs for treating CAC.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81800219)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30715)+5 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(A202303018385 and B202303078399)Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(W20243024)Province-level College Students'Innovative Training Plan Program(S202310533352)Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(YX202109)Sublimation Scholars Project of Central South UniversityDistinguished Professor of the Lotus Scholars Award Program of Hunan Province,China.
文摘Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders,is pathologically characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,leading to muscle weakness,paralysis,and death within 2–4 years post-diagnosis.ALS is categorized into familial ALS(FALS)and sporadic ALS,with FALS accounting for approximately 10%of ALS cases.As a genetically heterogeneous disease,ALS exhibits diverse inheritance patterns,including autosomal dominant,autosomal recessive,and X-linked transmission,and genetic factors play pivotal roles in disease pathogenesis.To date,at least 34 disease-causing loci and 32 genes for ALS have been identified.The investigations of mutant protein products and the establishment of animal models have unraveled potential pathogenic pathways,offering insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in ALS.This review focuses on ALS clinical characteristics,neuropathological features,causative loci/genes,genetic susceptibility factors,animal models,and pathogenic mechanisms,with particular attention to recent advances in genetic findings and pathogenic pathways of ALS.Elucidation of the genetic basis of ALS could provide the scientific foundation for personalized treatments to address this recalcitrant disease.
基金Basic Scientific research Project of the Liaoning Province Education Department(Grant No.LJKZ0832)
文摘To the Editor:Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide,and chronic inflammation caused by colitis,especially ulcerative colitis,increases the risk of colorectal cancer.Compared with sporadic colorectal cancer whose hallmark is constitutive activation of Wingless/b-catenin signaling and the adenomacarcinoma sequence,P53 and K-Ras mutations,which occur earlier,adenomatous polyposis coli occurs later during the progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC).Surgery and chemotherapy are the preferred treatments of CAC,but long-term use of first-line chemotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan is limited by drug resistance or adverse reactions.Therefore,it is necessary for us to identify“green”drugs.Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)are complex and diverse and are found in nature.The anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antiviral,antioxidant,antitumor,antiradiation,and immunomodulatory activity of TCMs have been extensively studied.TCMs are more able than synthesized drugs to prevent inflammation from progressing to cancer.This review summarizes the advantages of TCMs for treating CAC.
