The rising prevalence of drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens,particularly methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE),poses a substantial clinical challenge.Biofilm-a...The rising prevalence of drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens,particularly methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE),poses a substantial clinical challenge.Biofilm-associated infections exacerbate this problem due to their inherent antibiotic resistance and complex structure.Current antibiotic treatments struggle to penetrate biofilms and eradicate persister cells,leading to prolonged antibiotic use and increased resistance.Host defense peptides(HDPs)have shown promise,but their clinical application is limited by factors such as enzymatic degradation and difficulty in largescale preparation.Synthetic HDP mimics,such as poly(2-oxazoline),have emerged as effective alter-natives.Herein,we found that the poly(2-oxazoline),Gly-POX_(20),demonstrated rapid and potent activity against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Gram-positive strains.Gly-POX_(20) showed greater stability under physiological conditions compared to natural peptides,including resistance to protease degradation.Importantly,Gly-POX_(20) inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated mature biofilm and demonstrated superior in vivo therapeutic efficacy to vancomycin in a MRSA biofilm-associated mouse keratitis model,suggesting its potential as a novel antimicrobial agent against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria,especially biofilm-associated infections.展开更多
Virtual maintenance,as an important means of industrial training and education,places strict requirements on the accuracy of participant pose perception and assessment of motion standardization.However,existing resear...Virtual maintenance,as an important means of industrial training and education,places strict requirements on the accuracy of participant pose perception and assessment of motion standardization.However,existing research mainly focuses on human pose estimation in general scenarios,lacking specialized solutions for maintenance scenarios.This paper proposes a virtual maintenance human pose estimation method based on multi-scale feature enhancement(VMHPE),which integrates adaptive input feature enhancement,multi-scale feature correction for improved expression of fine movements and complex poses,and multi-scale feature fusion to enhance keypoint localization accuracy.Meanwhile,this study constructs the first virtual maintenance-specific human keypoint dataset(VMHKP),which records standard action sequences of professional maintenance personnel in five typical maintenance tasks and provides a reliable benchmark for evaluating operator motion standardization.The dataset is publicly available at.Using high-precision keypoint prediction results,an action assessment system utilizing topological structure similarity was established.Experiments show that our method achieves significant performance improvements:average precision(AP)reaches 94.4%,an increase of 2.3 percentage points over baseline methods;average recall(AR)reaches 95.6%,an increase of 1.3 percentage points.This research establishes a scientific four-level evaluation standard based on comparative motion analysis and provides a reliable solution for standardizing industrial maintenance training.展开更多
According to Xiaodong Song et al.’s study about difference rotation in the Earth’s inner core, a physical model of lunar motion changing the angular momentum of the Earth’s circles is presented in this work. The Lu...According to Xiaodong Song et al.’s study about difference rotation in the Earth’s inner core, a physical model of lunar motion changing the angular momentum of the Earth’s circles is presented in this work. The Lunar motion makes there be a huge gap existing in the core angular momentum between far lunar hemisphere and near lunar hemisphere. The gap results in the difference rota-tion in the Earth’s inner core, meanwhile, it increases the angular velocity of far lunar hemisphere and decreases the angular velocity of near lunar hemisphere. The Earth’s liquid outer core gene-rates an astro-geodynamical effect including the difference rotation among the Earth’s circles. It is found that when the moon moves into the apogee or the perigee of the lunar orbit, and the moon phase is the upper and lower chords (i.e. semi-diameter place), the true anomaly of the moon will change from 270-degree back (or forward) to 90-degree;this results in the mantle shell of the Earth westward, and forms lunisolar precession, the vernal equinox westward and Chandler polar motion.展开更多
Polypeptoids have been explored as mimics of polypeptides,owing to polypeptoids'superior stability upon proteolysis.Polypeptoids can be synthesized from one-pot ring-opening polymerization of amino acid N-substitu...Polypeptoids have been explored as mimics of polypeptides,owing to polypeptoids'superior stability upon proteolysis.Polypeptoids can be synthesized from one-pot ring-opening polymerization of amino acid N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides(NNCAs).However,the speed of polymerization of NNCAs can be very slow,especially for NNCAs bearing a bulky N-substitution group.This hindered the exploration on polypeptoids with more diverse structures and functions.Therefore,it is in great need to develop advanced strategies that can accelerate the polymerization on inactive NNCAs.Hereby,we report that lithium/sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide(Li/Na/KHMDS)initiates a substantially faster polymerization on NNCAs than do commonly used amine initiators,especially for NNCAs with bulky N-substitution group.This fast NNCA polymerization will increase the structure diversity and application of polypeptoids as synthetic mimics of polypeptides.展开更多
Background: It is wel known that peptides play a vital role in the nutrition and health of dairy cows. Bovine oligopeptide transporter 1(bP epT 1) is involved in the peptide transport process in the gastrointestinal t...Background: It is wel known that peptides play a vital role in the nutrition and health of dairy cows. Bovine oligopeptide transporter 1(bP epT 1) is involved in the peptide transport process in the gastrointestinal tracts of dairy cows. However,little information is known in the characteristics of bP epT 1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize bP epT 1 functional y using a mammalian cel expression system. The uptake of radiolabeled dipeptide glycyl-sarcosine([3 H]-Gly-Sar)into the bP epT 1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cel s was measured at various pH and substrate concentrations and with or without 15 other smal peptides that contained Met or Lys.Results: Western blot results showed that the abundance of bP epT 1 protein in the jejunum and ileum are the highest in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. The uptake of [3 H]-Gly-Sar by b Pep T1-Chinese hamster ovary cells was dependent on time, p H, and substrate concentration, with a low Kmvalue of 0.94 ± 0.06 mmol/L and a maximum velocity of 20.80 ± 1.74 nmol/(mg protein · 5 min). Most of the di-and tripeptides were the substrates of b Pep T1,based on substrate-competitive studies. However, bP epT 1 has a higher affinity to the peptides with shorter chains, greater hydrophobicity, and negative or neutral charges.Conclusions: These results demonstrated for the first time the functional characteristics of bP epT 1, and they provide a new insight and better understanding into its vital role in absorbing a wide range of peptides from the digestive tract of dairy cows.展开更多
Subterranean estuaries,i.e.,the mixing zone between terrestrial groundwater and recirculated seawater,host a wide range of microbiota.Here,field campaigns were conducted at the mouth of the subterranean estuary at the...Subterranean estuaries,i.e.,the mixing zone between terrestrial groundwater and recirculated seawater,host a wide range of microbiota.Here,field campaigns were conducted at the mouth of the subterranean estuary at the Sanggou Bay(Shandong Province,China)over four consecutive seasons at a seepage face(0−20 cm depth).The diversity of benthic microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics,combined with physic-chemical parameters,e.g.,organic carbon,total nitrogen and sulfate contents in sediments.During spring,the dominant species were assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria.Important opportunistic species was assigned to Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.The key components were identified to be species of the genera Pseudoalteromonas,Colwellia and Sphingobium,indicating the involvement of sediment microbiota in the degradation of sedimentary organic carbon,particularly that of pelagic origin,e.g.,phytoplankton detritus and bivalve pseudo-feces.During spring,the microbial community was statistically similar along the depth profiles and among the three sampled stations.Similar spatial distributions were obtained in the remaining seasons.By contrast,the dominant species assemblages varied significantly among seasons,with key genera being Thioprofundum and Nitrosopumilus during summer and autumn and Thioprofundum and Ilumatobacter during winter.Network analysis revealed a seasonal shift in benthic nitrogen and sulfur metabolism associated with these variations in microbial community composition.Overall,our findings suggested that macro elements derived from pelagic inputs,particularly detrital phytoplankton,shaped the microbial community compositions at the seepage face,resulting in significant seasonal variations,while the influence of terrestrial materials transported by groundwater on the sediment microbiota at the seepage face found to be minor.展开更多
The extensive use of antibiotics in high-density aquaculture has accelerated the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The presence of antibiotics in water and soil,and their transmission through the food chain e...The extensive use of antibiotics in high-density aquaculture has accelerated the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The presence of antibiotics in water and soil,and their transmission through the food chain exacerbate the pressures associated with antibiotic resistance,posing a significant threat to human health.Despite this challenge and serious issue,effective alternatives to antibiotics remain lacking.In this study,we report a potent synergistic effect between an HDP-mimicking polymer,DLLys90-BLG10,and rifampicin against Vibrio species.This synergistic combination substantially reduces the required dosage of rifampicin,thereby mitigating the risk of antibiotic resistance development and the release of rifampicin into water and soil.Furthermore,we developed a cell-penetrating peptide-modified liposome system that can co-encapsulate DLLys90-BLG10 and rifampicin,which exerts potent antibacterial activity against Vibrio both in vitro and in vivo,while maintaining bio-compatibility.Additionally,oral administration of CPP-Lip@Syn showed effective control of Vibrio infections.This strategy opens new avenues in exploring antibiotic alternatives in aquaculture and implies potential applications in aquaculture.展开更多
Diabetic wounds are accompanied with hemorrhage,excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,microbial infection,and poor exudate management.Current dressings are insufficient to modulate the complex pathophysiologi...Diabetic wounds are accompanied with hemorrhage,excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,microbial infection,and poor exudate management.Current dressings are insufficient to modulate the complex pathophysiological microenvironment of infected diabetic wounds.Here,we develop a facile-fabricated hydrogel film with potent antibacterial and antioxidative properties to significantly accelerate infected diabetic wounds healing.The hydrogel film demonstrates potent antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,efficient scavenging of the extra-and intracellular reactive oxygen species,and enhanced fibroblast migration.In the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected diabetic wounds model,the hydrogel film treatment leads to reduced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus load,eliminated exudate accumulation,and significantly accelerated wound healing.In addition,the hydrogel film achieves rapid hemostasis by effective wound adhesion and fluid absorption.Collectively,this study provides a promising therapeutic option to promote infected diabetic wounds healing and management.展开更多
It is an urgent need to tackle drug-resistance microbial infections that are associated with implantable biomedical devices.Host defense peptide-mimicking polymers have been actively explored in recent years to fight ...It is an urgent need to tackle drug-resistance microbial infections that are associated with implantable biomedical devices.Host defense peptide-mimicking polymers have been actively explored in recent years to fight against drug-resistant microbes.Our recent report on lithium hexamethyldisilazide-initiated superfast polymerization on amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides enables the quick synthesis of host defense peptide-mimicking peptide polymers.Here we reported a facile and cost-effective thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)surface modification of peptide polymer(DLL:BLG=90:10)using plasma surface activation and substitution reaction between thiol and bromide groups.The peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces exhibited board-spectrum antibacterial property as well as effective contact-killing ability in vitro.Furthermore,the peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces showed excellent biocompatibility,displaying no hemolysis and cytotoxicity.In vivo study using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)for subcutaneous implantation infectious model showed that peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces revealed obvious suppression of infection and great histocompatibility,compared to bare TPU surfaces.We further explored the antimicrobial mechanism of the peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces,which revealed a surface contact-killing mechanism by disrupting the bacterial membrane.These results demonstrated great potential of the peptide-modified TPU surfaces for practical application to combat bacterial infections that are associated with implantable materials and devices.展开更多
Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the cur...Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants,invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors.Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that(i)the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous,(ii)the size of the impact was variable and(iii)the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type.However,invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals(HMs)and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs.On the other hand,HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the‘escape behavior’of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution.However,there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions.A quantitative research comparing plant,litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.展开更多
The massive use of antibiotics in aquaculture and resulted antibacterial resistance problem urgently need antibiotic substitutions. Herein, we report a promising substitution of aquaculture antibiotics using a synergi...The massive use of antibiotics in aquaculture and resulted antibacterial resistance problem urgently need antibiotic substitutions. Herein, we report a promising substitution of aquaculture antibiotics using a synergistic combination of biodegradable peptide polymers and curcumin, a natural compound from plant. The synergistic combination shows strong antibacterial activity against V. fluvialis and some other common bacteria in aquaculture. The membrane-damaging antibacterial mechanism echoes our finding that the synergistic combination will not induce bacteria to develop resistance after continuous use. The synergistic combination also displays effective cure on V. fluvialis-infected zebrafish. The biodegradability of the peptide polymer enables the combination to lose antibacterial activity and will not cause selective pressure on bacterial in the environment. Our study indicates potential application of synergistic composition, biodegradable peptide polymer and curcumin, as promising antibiotic substitution in aquaculture, which represents a promising strategy to address the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
Wound infections are a compelling health issue caused by the invasion and proliferation of pathogens in wound sites.Antibioticloaded hydrogels are widely used to achieve anti-infectious wound healing.However,due to th...Wound infections are a compelling health issue caused by the invasion and proliferation of pathogens in wound sites.Antibioticloaded hydrogels are widely used to achieve anti-infectious wound healing.However,due to the quick emergence of drugresistant bacteria,such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),wound infection has been a formidable challenge to human health.To address MRSA-infected wounds,an antibacterial peptide polymer-loaded hyaluronic acid(HA)hydrogel(Gel-HA@P)is prepared.The peptide polymer is designed to mimic host defense peptides as the antibiotic alternative showing potent antibacterial activity,low susceptibility to drug resistance and good stability against proteolysis.HA is biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel substrate as a primary constituent of the extracellular matrix and suitable for cell migration and wound healing.Gel-HA@P shows potent activity against MRSA in vitro and in vivo,low toxicity during the treatment and promotes the wound healing in vivo.This design has proven to be an effective and antibiotic-free strategy to enable the healing of MRSA-infected wounds.展开更多
The interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands.These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the...The interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands.These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the system through sediments.Despite the fact that numerous published studies have suggested sulfur has a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals accumulated in coastal wetlands,to date,no review article has systematically summarized those studies,particularly from the perspective of the three major components of wetland ecosystems(sediments,rhizosphere,and vegetation).The present review summarizes the studies published in the past four decades and highlights the major achievements in this field.Research and studies available thus far indicate that under anaerobic conditions,most of the potentially bioavailable heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments are fixed as precipitates,such as metal sulfides.However,fluctuations in physicochemical conditions may affect sulfur cycling,and hence,directly or indirectly lead to the conversion and migration of heavy metals.In the rhizosphere,root activities and microbes together affect the speciation and transformation of sulfur which in turn mediate the migration of heavy metals.As for plant tissues,tolerance to heavy metals is enhanced by sulfur-containing compounds via promoting a series of chelation and detoxification processes.Finally,to further understand the interactions between sulfur and heavy metals in coastal wetlands,some major future research directions are proposed.展开更多
Poly(β-peptoid)is a class of polypeptide mimics that possesses excellent biocompatibility and resistance to proteolysis.However,the synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s with functionalities is a long-standing challenge tha...Poly(β-peptoid)is a class of polypeptide mimics that possesses excellent biocompatibility and resistance to proteolysis.However,the synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s with functionalities is a long-standing challenge that greatly hinders the functional study and application of poly(β-peptoid)s.We report a controllable and easy synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s bearing diverse functionalities via the ring-opening polymerization on N-substitutedβ-alanine N-thiocarboxyanhydrides(β-NNTAs).The polymerization can be carried out in openvesselsundermildconditions usingaminesas the initiators to provide poly(β-peptoid)s with targeted molecular weights,narrow dispersities,and diverse functionalities in the side chains and termini.Theβ-NNTAs polymerization is even compatible with initiators bearing unprotected hydroxyl groups.The amphiphilic/cationic poly(β-peptoid)s exhibit a broad spectrum and potent antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria.In addition,the highly favored stability ofβ-NNTAmonomers for purification and storage highlights the advantages of thisβ-NNTA polymerization strategy for poly(β-peptoid)s synthesis,functional study,and application as a synthetic mimic of polypeptides.展开更多
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytonutrients(PN)on growth performance.antioxidant status,intestinal morphology,and nutrient utilization of birds fed low energy diets.In Exp.1.a total of ...Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytonutrients(PN)on growth performance.antioxidant status,intestinal morphology,and nutrient utilization of birds fed low energy diets.In Exp.1.a total of 1.440 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups,with 16 replicates per treatment(48 pens;30 birds per pen).Birds in treatment 1 were fed diets with normal energy content(NE).Birds in treatment 2 were fed NE diet but with 60 kcal removed(LE).Birds in treatment 3 were assigned to LE diet supplemented with PN(LE + PN).Results indicated that LE diet increased feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared with NE from d 1 to 38.while LE + PN diet prevented this response(P= 0.02).At d 26.birds in the LE + PN group had the highest ileal and jejunal villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD)ratio.At d 39.PN supplementation improved ileal and jejunal VH:CD ratio,compared with LE group.Moreover,birds fed PN diets received a better economic profit,In Exp.2,360 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a metabolism study.The treatments used in Exp.2 were the same as those in Exp.1,with 4 replicates(pens)and 30 birds in each replicate.Dietary apparent metabolism energy(AME),energy and protein digestibility were determined between 21 and 28 d of age.Results showed that chickens fed LE + PN diet tended to have greater AME(P= 0.02)and nictrogen-corrected apparent metabolism energy(AMEn)(P= 0.03)than birds fed LE diets.It was concluded that LE+ PN showed a potential advantage to improve feed conversion and gut health of broilers,as well as economic profits.展开更多
The emergence of multi-drug resistance makes bacterial infection a major threat to public health and economy.The formation of bacterial biofilms is one of the main reasons of bacterial resistance.The complexity of che...The emergence of multi-drug resistance makes bacterial infection a major threat to public health and economy.The formation of bacterial biofilms is one of the main reasons of bacterial resistance.The complexity of chemical composition and physical structure makes the elimination of mature biofilms a difficult problem.The highly antibiotic resistant property of biofilms urgently calls for potent antimicrobial agents and novel antibiofilm strategies.Researchers have made a lot of efforts in this field.Here we review the current strategies to eliminate mature biofilms and progress in related drug delivery nanosystems,with the aim of inspiring researchers to design new antibiofilm systems.展开更多
The intensive use of antibiotics intensifies the development of bacterial resistance,which has become a serious problem globally.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has resulted in significant morbidity a...The intensive use of antibiotics intensifies the development of bacterial resistance,which has become a serious problem globally.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality.Therefore,it is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial drugs and administration methods.Herein,we report a dual functional diblock copolymer PLL20-b-PBLG20,which was prepared by superfast and water-insensitive polymerization on N-carboxyanhydrides(NCA)initiated by tetraalkylammonium carboxylate.In addition to direct antimicrobial activity,PLL20-b-PBLG20 also exerts a synergistic bactericidal effect against MRSA with curcumin,a plant extract with antibacterial property.Moreover,PLL20-b-PBLG20 successfully encapsulates curcumin to form nanoparticles via self-assembly.The combination of dual functional PLL20-b-PBLG20 and curcumin holds promise in combating MRSA infections.展开更多
A bioassay study was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting casein with graded levels of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed cake protein isolates(JPI) as a protein source on the growth performance,feed effi...A bioassay study was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting casein with graded levels of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed cake protein isolates(JPI) as a protein source on the growth performance,feed efficiency ratio(FER) and its protein values using rats as an animal model. Thirty 21-day-old male Spraguee Dawley weaned rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each group with 6 replications(n = 1). Each group consumed one of the following diets: protein-free, casein(CAS) and JPI diets(JPI20,JPI40 and JPI60; different levels of JPI to replace the casein at concentrations of 20%, 40% and 60% on crude protein basis). Feed intake and protein intake showed no difference among the rats fed JPI20, JPI40 and CAS diets(P > 0.05). However, these parameters were lower in the rats fed JPI60 than in rats fed CAS(P < 0.05). The rats fed diets containing JPI had lower body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and net protein retention than those fed CAS diet(P < 0.05). When the level of JPI used to replace the casein was lower than 40%, protein efficiency ratio(PER) was close to or higher than 2.0, which suggests that JPI could be viewed as a high-quality protein. Inclusion of JPI in the diet decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. The values were significantly lower in rats fed JPI20 and JPI40than in rats fed CAS(P < 0.05). No histopathological changes were observed in livers and kidneys in the rats fed JPI diets. The results demonstrate that JPI could be used as an efficient protein source at a level of no more than 40% of dietary protein source.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2022YFC2303100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.T2325010,22305082,52203162,and 22075078)+1 种基金Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(nos.JKVD1241029 and JKD01241701)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry(Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences),the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology(Ministry of Education,no.R202201).
文摘The rising prevalence of drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens,particularly methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE),poses a substantial clinical challenge.Biofilm-associated infections exacerbate this problem due to their inherent antibiotic resistance and complex structure.Current antibiotic treatments struggle to penetrate biofilms and eradicate persister cells,leading to prolonged antibiotic use and increased resistance.Host defense peptides(HDPs)have shown promise,but their clinical application is limited by factors such as enzymatic degradation and difficulty in largescale preparation.Synthetic HDP mimics,such as poly(2-oxazoline),have emerged as effective alter-natives.Herein,we found that the poly(2-oxazoline),Gly-POX_(20),demonstrated rapid and potent activity against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Gram-positive strains.Gly-POX_(20) showed greater stability under physiological conditions compared to natural peptides,including resistance to protease degradation.Importantly,Gly-POX_(20) inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated mature biofilm and demonstrated superior in vivo therapeutic efficacy to vancomycin in a MRSA biofilm-associated mouse keratitis model,suggesting its potential as a novel antimicrobial agent against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria,especially biofilm-associated infections.
基金funded by the Joint Development Project with Pharmapack Technologies Corporation:Open Multi-Person Collaborative Virtual Assembly/Disassembly Training and Virtual Engineering Visualization Platform,Grant Number 23HK0101.
文摘Virtual maintenance,as an important means of industrial training and education,places strict requirements on the accuracy of participant pose perception and assessment of motion standardization.However,existing research mainly focuses on human pose estimation in general scenarios,lacking specialized solutions for maintenance scenarios.This paper proposes a virtual maintenance human pose estimation method based on multi-scale feature enhancement(VMHPE),which integrates adaptive input feature enhancement,multi-scale feature correction for improved expression of fine movements and complex poses,and multi-scale feature fusion to enhance keypoint localization accuracy.Meanwhile,this study constructs the first virtual maintenance-specific human keypoint dataset(VMHKP),which records standard action sequences of professional maintenance personnel in five typical maintenance tasks and provides a reliable benchmark for evaluating operator motion standardization.The dataset is publicly available at.Using high-precision keypoint prediction results,an action assessment system utilizing topological structure similarity was established.Experiments show that our method achieves significant performance improvements:average precision(AP)reaches 94.4%,an increase of 2.3 percentage points over baseline methods;average recall(AR)reaches 95.6%,an increase of 1.3 percentage points.This research establishes a scientific four-level evaluation standard based on comparative motion analysis and provides a reliable solution for standardizing industrial maintenance training.
文摘According to Xiaodong Song et al.’s study about difference rotation in the Earth’s inner core, a physical model of lunar motion changing the angular momentum of the Earth’s circles is presented in this work. The Lunar motion makes there be a huge gap existing in the core angular momentum between far lunar hemisphere and near lunar hemisphere. The gap results in the difference rota-tion in the Earth’s inner core, meanwhile, it increases the angular velocity of far lunar hemisphere and decreases the angular velocity of near lunar hemisphere. The Earth’s liquid outer core gene-rates an astro-geodynamical effect including the difference rotation among the Earth’s circles. It is found that when the moon moves into the apogee or the perigee of the lunar orbit, and the moon phase is the upper and lower chords (i.e. semi-diameter place), the true anomaly of the moon will change from 270-degree back (or forward) to 90-degree;this results in the mantle shell of the Earth westward, and forms lunisolar precession, the vernal equinox westward and Chandler polar motion.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22075078,21774031,21861162010)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.118ZR1410300)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1100401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(No.51621002)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.20XD1421400)Research program of State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22221818014).
文摘Polypeptoids have been explored as mimics of polypeptides,owing to polypeptoids'superior stability upon proteolysis.Polypeptoids can be synthesized from one-pot ring-opening polymerization of amino acid N-substituted N-carboxyanhydrides(NNCAs).However,the speed of polymerization of NNCAs can be very slow,especially for NNCAs bearing a bulky N-substitution group.This hindered the exploration on polypeptoids with more diverse structures and functions.Therefore,it is in great need to develop advanced strategies that can accelerate the polymerization on inactive NNCAs.Hereby,we report that lithium/sodium/potassium hexamethyldisilazide(Li/Na/KHMDS)initiates a substantially faster polymerization on NNCAs than do commonly used amine initiators,especially for NNCAs with bulky N-substitution group.This fast NNCA polymerization will increase the structure diversity and application of polypeptoids as synthetic mimics of polypeptides.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Basic Research Program of China Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2011CB100801)Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Zhejiang Province(R16C170002)
文摘Background: It is wel known that peptides play a vital role in the nutrition and health of dairy cows. Bovine oligopeptide transporter 1(bP epT 1) is involved in the peptide transport process in the gastrointestinal tracts of dairy cows. However,little information is known in the characteristics of bP epT 1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize bP epT 1 functional y using a mammalian cel expression system. The uptake of radiolabeled dipeptide glycyl-sarcosine([3 H]-Gly-Sar)into the bP epT 1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cel s was measured at various pH and substrate concentrations and with or without 15 other smal peptides that contained Met or Lys.Results: Western blot results showed that the abundance of bP epT 1 protein in the jejunum and ileum are the highest in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows. The uptake of [3 H]-Gly-Sar by b Pep T1-Chinese hamster ovary cells was dependent on time, p H, and substrate concentration, with a low Kmvalue of 0.94 ± 0.06 mmol/L and a maximum velocity of 20.80 ± 1.74 nmol/(mg protein · 5 min). Most of the di-and tripeptides were the substrates of b Pep T1,based on substrate-competitive studies. However, bP epT 1 has a higher affinity to the peptides with shorter chains, greater hydrophobicity, and negative or neutral charges.Conclusions: These results demonstrated for the first time the functional characteristics of bP epT 1, and they provide a new insight and better understanding into its vital role in absorbing a wide range of peptides from the digestive tract of dairy cows.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41706081.
文摘Subterranean estuaries,i.e.,the mixing zone between terrestrial groundwater and recirculated seawater,host a wide range of microbiota.Here,field campaigns were conducted at the mouth of the subterranean estuary at the Sanggou Bay(Shandong Province,China)over four consecutive seasons at a seepage face(0−20 cm depth).The diversity of benthic microbiome was characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics,combined with physic-chemical parameters,e.g.,organic carbon,total nitrogen and sulfate contents in sediments.During spring,the dominant species were assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria.Important opportunistic species was assigned to Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes.The key components were identified to be species of the genera Pseudoalteromonas,Colwellia and Sphingobium,indicating the involvement of sediment microbiota in the degradation of sedimentary organic carbon,particularly that of pelagic origin,e.g.,phytoplankton detritus and bivalve pseudo-feces.During spring,the microbial community was statistically similar along the depth profiles and among the three sampled stations.Similar spatial distributions were obtained in the remaining seasons.By contrast,the dominant species assemblages varied significantly among seasons,with key genera being Thioprofundum and Nitrosopumilus during summer and autumn and Thioprofundum and Ilumatobacter during winter.Network analysis revealed a seasonal shift in benthic nitrogen and sulfur metabolism associated with these variations in microbial community composition.Overall,our findings suggested that macro elements derived from pelagic inputs,particularly detrital phytoplankton,shaped the microbial community compositions at the seepage face,resulting in significant seasonal variations,while the influence of terrestrial materials transported by groundwater on the sediment microbiota at the seepage face found to be minor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2325010,52203162,22075078)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303100)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKVD1241029,JKD01241701)the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)。
文摘The extensive use of antibiotics in high-density aquaculture has accelerated the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The presence of antibiotics in water and soil,and their transmission through the food chain exacerbate the pressures associated with antibiotic resistance,posing a significant threat to human health.Despite this challenge and serious issue,effective alternatives to antibiotics remain lacking.In this study,we report a potent synergistic effect between an HDP-mimicking polymer,DLLys90-BLG10,and rifampicin against Vibrio species.This synergistic combination substantially reduces the required dosage of rifampicin,thereby mitigating the risk of antibiotic resistance development and the release of rifampicin into water and soil.Furthermore,we developed a cell-penetrating peptide-modified liposome system that can co-encapsulate DLLys90-BLG10 and rifampicin,which exerts potent antibacterial activity against Vibrio both in vitro and in vivo,while maintaining bio-compatibility.Additionally,oral administration of CPP-Lip@Syn showed effective control of Vibrio infections.This strategy opens new avenues in exploring antibiotic alternatives in aquaculture and implies potential applications in aquaculture.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC2418700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2325010)+1 种基金Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.JKVD1241029 and JKD01241701).
文摘Diabetic wounds are accompanied with hemorrhage,excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,microbial infection,and poor exudate management.Current dressings are insufficient to modulate the complex pathophysiological microenvironment of infected diabetic wounds.Here,we develop a facile-fabricated hydrogel film with potent antibacterial and antioxidative properties to significantly accelerate infected diabetic wounds healing.The hydrogel film demonstrates potent antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,efficient scavenging of the extra-and intracellular reactive oxygen species,and enhanced fibroblast migration.In the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected diabetic wounds model,the hydrogel film treatment leads to reduced methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus load,eliminated exudate accumulation,and significantly accelerated wound healing.In addition,the hydrogel film achieves rapid hemostasis by effective wound adhesion and fluid absorption.Collectively,this study provides a promising therapeutic option to promote infected diabetic wounds healing and management.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075078,21774031)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1100401)+4 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1421400)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180093)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(18ZR1410300)Research program of State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22221818014)The authors also thank Research Center of Analysis and Test of East China University of Science and Technology for the help on the characterization.
文摘It is an urgent need to tackle drug-resistance microbial infections that are associated with implantable biomedical devices.Host defense peptide-mimicking polymers have been actively explored in recent years to fight against drug-resistant microbes.Our recent report on lithium hexamethyldisilazide-initiated superfast polymerization on amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides enables the quick synthesis of host defense peptide-mimicking peptide polymers.Here we reported a facile and cost-effective thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)surface modification of peptide polymer(DLL:BLG=90:10)using plasma surface activation and substitution reaction between thiol and bromide groups.The peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces exhibited board-spectrum antibacterial property as well as effective contact-killing ability in vitro.Furthermore,the peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces showed excellent biocompatibility,displaying no hemolysis and cytotoxicity.In vivo study using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)for subcutaneous implantation infectious model showed that peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces revealed obvious suppression of infection and great histocompatibility,compared to bare TPU surfaces.We further explored the antimicrobial mechanism of the peptide polymer-modified TPU surfaces,which revealed a surface contact-killing mechanism by disrupting the bacterial membrane.These results demonstrated great potential of the peptide-modified TPU surfaces for practical application to combat bacterial infections that are associated with implantable materials and devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071521,31800429)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20170540)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,China.
文摘Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities,including invasive species.Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species.Thus,the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants,invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors.Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that(i)the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous,(ii)the size of the impact was variable and(iii)the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type.However,invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals(HMs)and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs.On the other hand,HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMs together with the‘escape behavior’of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution.However,there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions.A quantitative research comparing plant,litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22075078,21861162010)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1421400)+1 种基金Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKD01211520).
文摘The massive use of antibiotics in aquaculture and resulted antibacterial resistance problem urgently need antibiotic substitutions. Herein, we report a promising substitution of aquaculture antibiotics using a synergistic combination of biodegradable peptide polymers and curcumin, a natural compound from plant. The synergistic combination shows strong antibacterial activity against V. fluvialis and some other common bacteria in aquaculture. The membrane-damaging antibacterial mechanism echoes our finding that the synergistic combination will not induce bacteria to develop resistance after continuous use. The synergistic combination also displays effective cure on V. fluvialis-infected zebrafish. The biodegradability of the peptide polymer enables the combination to lose antibacterial activity and will not cause selective pressure on bacterial in the environment. Our study indicates potential application of synergistic composition, biodegradable peptide polymer and curcumin, as promising antibiotic substitution in aquaculture, which represents a promising strategy to address the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075078,52203162)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1421400)+4 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1409100)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20220108)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701198)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry(Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences)the Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(2021Sci&Tech 03-28,Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)。
文摘Wound infections are a compelling health issue caused by the invasion and proliferation of pathogens in wound sites.Antibioticloaded hydrogels are widely used to achieve anti-infectious wound healing.However,due to the quick emergence of drugresistant bacteria,such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),wound infection has been a formidable challenge to human health.To address MRSA-infected wounds,an antibacterial peptide polymer-loaded hyaluronic acid(HA)hydrogel(Gel-HA@P)is prepared.The peptide polymer is designed to mimic host defense peptides as the antibiotic alternative showing potent antibacterial activity,low susceptibility to drug resistance and good stability against proteolysis.HA is biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel substrate as a primary constituent of the extracellular matrix and suitable for cell migration and wound healing.Gel-HA@P shows potent activity against MRSA in vitro and in vivo,low toxicity during the treatment and promotes the wound healing in vivo.This design has proven to be an effective and antibiotic-free strategy to enable the healing of MRSA-infected wounds.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32071521,31800429,and 42067012)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20170540 and BK20210751)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Senior Talent of Jiangsu University,China(No.20JDG067)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province of China(No.20JR5RA532)the MEL Visiting Fellowship of Xiamen University and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment,China.
文摘The interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands.These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the system through sediments.Despite the fact that numerous published studies have suggested sulfur has a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals accumulated in coastal wetlands,to date,no review article has systematically summarized those studies,particularly from the perspective of the three major components of wetland ecosystems(sediments,rhizosphere,and vegetation).The present review summarizes the studies published in the past four decades and highlights the major achievements in this field.Research and studies available thus far indicate that under anaerobic conditions,most of the potentially bioavailable heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments are fixed as precipitates,such as metal sulfides.However,fluctuations in physicochemical conditions may affect sulfur cycling,and hence,directly or indirectly lead to the conversion and migration of heavy metals.In the rhizosphere,root activities and microbes together affect the speciation and transformation of sulfur which in turn mediate the migration of heavy metals.As for plant tissues,tolerance to heavy metals is enhanced by sulfur-containing compounds via promoting a series of chelation and detoxification processes.Finally,to further understand the interactions between sulfur and heavy metals in coastal wetlands,some major future research directions are proposed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.22075078 and 21861162010)the Free Exploring Basic Research Project at Shenzhen Research Institute of ECUST(no.2021Szvup042)+4 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(no.20XD1421400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(no.51621002)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(no.BX2021102)the Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,grant 2021 Sci&Tech 03-28)the Research Program of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(no.JKD01211520).
文摘Poly(β-peptoid)is a class of polypeptide mimics that possesses excellent biocompatibility and resistance to proteolysis.However,the synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s with functionalities is a long-standing challenge that greatly hinders the functional study and application of poly(β-peptoid)s.We report a controllable and easy synthesis of poly(β-peptoid)s bearing diverse functionalities via the ring-opening polymerization on N-substitutedβ-alanine N-thiocarboxyanhydrides(β-NNTAs).The polymerization can be carried out in openvesselsundermildconditions usingaminesas the initiators to provide poly(β-peptoid)s with targeted molecular weights,narrow dispersities,and diverse functionalities in the side chains and termini.Theβ-NNTAs polymerization is even compatible with initiators bearing unprotected hydroxyl groups.The amphiphilic/cationic poly(β-peptoid)s exhibit a broad spectrum and potent antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria.In addition,the highly favored stability ofβ-NNTAmonomers for purification and storage highlights the advantages of thisβ-NNTA polymerization strategy for poly(β-peptoid)s synthesis,functional study,and application as a synthetic mimic of polypeptides.
基金financially supported by Shandong Taishan Industry Leading Talent Project(LJNY2015006)Major Special Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province(2018NZDX0005)
文摘Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytonutrients(PN)on growth performance.antioxidant status,intestinal morphology,and nutrient utilization of birds fed low energy diets.In Exp.1.a total of 1.440 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups,with 16 replicates per treatment(48 pens;30 birds per pen).Birds in treatment 1 were fed diets with normal energy content(NE).Birds in treatment 2 were fed NE diet but with 60 kcal removed(LE).Birds in treatment 3 were assigned to LE diet supplemented with PN(LE + PN).Results indicated that LE diet increased feed conversion ratio(FCR)compared with NE from d 1 to 38.while LE + PN diet prevented this response(P= 0.02).At d 26.birds in the LE + PN group had the highest ileal and jejunal villus height to crypt depth(VH:CD)ratio.At d 39.PN supplementation improved ileal and jejunal VH:CD ratio,compared with LE group.Moreover,birds fed PN diets received a better economic profit,In Exp.2,360 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were used in a metabolism study.The treatments used in Exp.2 were the same as those in Exp.1,with 4 replicates(pens)and 30 birds in each replicate.Dietary apparent metabolism energy(AME),energy and protein digestibility were determined between 21 and 28 d of age.Results showed that chickens fed LE + PN diet tended to have greater AME(P= 0.02)and nictrogen-corrected apparent metabolism energy(AMEn)(P= 0.03)than birds fed LE diets.It was concluded that LE+ PN showed a potential advantage to improve feed conversion and gut health of broilers,as well as economic profits.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(18ZR1410300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21861162010,21774031,31800801)+3 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1421400)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1100401)Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineeringthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22221818014,50321041917001)。
文摘The emergence of multi-drug resistance makes bacterial infection a major threat to public health and economy.The formation of bacterial biofilms is one of the main reasons of bacterial resistance.The complexity of chemical composition and physical structure makes the elimination of mature biofilms a difficult problem.The highly antibiotic resistant property of biofilms urgently calls for potent antimicrobial agents and novel antibiofilm strategies.Researchers have made a lot of efforts in this field.Here we review the current strategies to eliminate mature biofilms and progress in related drug delivery nanosystems,with the aim of inspiring researchers to design new antibiofilm systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52203162,22075078)+5 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20xD1421400)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Bx20220108)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701198)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry(Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences),the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology(Ministry of Education,R202201)Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism(Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)Research Center of Analysis and Test of East China University of Science and Technology for the help on the characterization in this manuscript.
文摘The intensive use of antibiotics intensifies the development of bacterial resistance,which has become a serious problem globally.Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality.Therefore,it is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial drugs and administration methods.Herein,we report a dual functional diblock copolymer PLL20-b-PBLG20,which was prepared by superfast and water-insensitive polymerization on N-carboxyanhydrides(NCA)initiated by tetraalkylammonium carboxylate.In addition to direct antimicrobial activity,PLL20-b-PBLG20 also exerts a synergistic bactericidal effect against MRSA with curcumin,a plant extract with antibacterial property.Moreover,PLL20-b-PBLG20 successfully encapsulates curcumin to form nanoparticles via self-assembly.The combination of dual functional PLL20-b-PBLG20 and curcumin holds promise in combating MRSA infections.
基金supported by the grants from Ministry of Science&Technology of China(No.2009DFA32260)the Bundesministerium für Bildung&Forschung(BMBF,No.0330799A)of Germany
文摘A bioassay study was conducted to investigate the effects of substituting casein with graded levels of detoxified Jatropha curcas seed cake protein isolates(JPI) as a protein source on the growth performance,feed efficiency ratio(FER) and its protein values using rats as an animal model. Thirty 21-day-old male Spraguee Dawley weaned rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each group with 6 replications(n = 1). Each group consumed one of the following diets: protein-free, casein(CAS) and JPI diets(JPI20,JPI40 and JPI60; different levels of JPI to replace the casein at concentrations of 20%, 40% and 60% on crude protein basis). Feed intake and protein intake showed no difference among the rats fed JPI20, JPI40 and CAS diets(P > 0.05). However, these parameters were lower in the rats fed JPI60 than in rats fed CAS(P < 0.05). The rats fed diets containing JPI had lower body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and net protein retention than those fed CAS diet(P < 0.05). When the level of JPI used to replace the casein was lower than 40%, protein efficiency ratio(PER) was close to or higher than 2.0, which suggests that JPI could be viewed as a high-quality protein. Inclusion of JPI in the diet decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. The values were significantly lower in rats fed JPI20 and JPI40than in rats fed CAS(P < 0.05). No histopathological changes were observed in livers and kidneys in the rats fed JPI diets. The results demonstrate that JPI could be used as an efficient protein source at a level of no more than 40% of dietary protein source.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2303100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (T2325010, 22305082, 52203162, and 22075078)+6 种基金Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism (Shanghai Municipal Education Commission)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (20XD1421400)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry (Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences)the Open Project of Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology (Ministry of Education, R202201)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX2021102)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710050)the support of the Analysis and Testing Center of School of Chemical Engineering, East China university of Science and Technology。
