Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals.Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins,which can be divided into seven subfamilies based ...Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals.Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins,which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology:TRPA(Ankyrin),TRPC(Canonical),TRPM(Melastatin),TRPML(Mucolipin),TRPN(NO-mechano-potential,NOMP),TRPP(Polycystin),TRPV(Vanilloid).They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),K^(+),and others.TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat,cold,pain,stress,vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli.Their predominantly location on the cell surface,their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways,and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.Here,we review the history of TRP channel discovery,summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family,and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease.Most importantly,we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery,therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.展开更多
Extendible hashing is an effective way to manage increasingly large file system metadata,but it suffers from low concurrency and lack of optimization for non-volatile memory(NVM).In this paper,a multilevel hash direct...Extendible hashing is an effective way to manage increasingly large file system metadata,but it suffers from low concurrency and lack of optimization for non-volatile memory(NVM).In this paper,a multilevel hash directory based on lazy expansion is designed to improve the concurrency and efficiency of extendible hashing,and a hash bucket management algorithm based on groups is presented to improve the efficiency of hash key management by reducing the size of the hash bucket,thereby improving the performance of extendible hashing.Meanwhile,a hierarchical storage strategy of extendible hashing for NVM is given to take advantage of dynamic random access memory(DRAM)and NVM.Furthermore,on the basis of the device driver for Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory,the prototype of high-concurrency extendible hashing named NEHASH is implemented.Yahoo cloud serving benchmark(YCSB)is used to test and compare with CCEH,level hashing,and cuckoo hashing.The results show that NEHASH can improve read throughput by up to 16.5%and write throughput by 19.3%.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303504)the Program of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(21ZR1475200 and 22ZR1469900)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92157106,32270917)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDPB16)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX02).
文摘Transient receptor potential(TRP)channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals.Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins,which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology:TRPA(Ankyrin),TRPC(Canonical),TRPM(Melastatin),TRPML(Mucolipin),TRPN(NO-mechano-potential,NOMP),TRPP(Polycystin),TRPV(Vanilloid).They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),K^(+),and others.TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat,cold,pain,stress,vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli.Their predominantly location on the cell surface,their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways,and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.Here,we review the history of TRP channel discovery,summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family,and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease.Most importantly,we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery,therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61806086)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB0804204)。
文摘Extendible hashing is an effective way to manage increasingly large file system metadata,but it suffers from low concurrency and lack of optimization for non-volatile memory(NVM).In this paper,a multilevel hash directory based on lazy expansion is designed to improve the concurrency and efficiency of extendible hashing,and a hash bucket management algorithm based on groups is presented to improve the efficiency of hash key management by reducing the size of the hash bucket,thereby improving the performance of extendible hashing.Meanwhile,a hierarchical storage strategy of extendible hashing for NVM is given to take advantage of dynamic random access memory(DRAM)and NVM.Furthermore,on the basis of the device driver for Intel Optane DC Persistent Memory,the prototype of high-concurrency extendible hashing named NEHASH is implemented.Yahoo cloud serving benchmark(YCSB)is used to test and compare with CCEH,level hashing,and cuckoo hashing.The results show that NEHASH can improve read throughput by up to 16.5%and write throughput by 19.3%.
