In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic...In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.展开更多
Soymilk is a natural nanocarrier.However,the performance of flavonoid-soymilk nano-complex remains unclear.In this work,icariin-soymilk nano-complexes(ISNCs)were successfully fabricated and characterized.The effects o...Soymilk is a natural nanocarrier.However,the performance of flavonoid-soymilk nano-complex remains unclear.In this work,icariin-soymilk nano-complexes(ISNCs)were successfully fabricated and characterized.The effects of high-pressure homogenization(HPH)treatment on structure and physicochemical properties of soymilk and nano-complexes were investigated.HPH treatment could significantly improve the surface hydrophobicity and interfacial activity of soymilk.The soymilk with HPH treatment could significantly improve the water solubility(20 folds),thermal stability and bioavailability of icariin.The highest encapsulation efficiency(93.28%),loading capacity(39.09μg/mg),ζ-potentia(absolute value,31.20 mV)and bioavailability(72.14%)were observed in HSI-200(200 bar of homogenization pressure).While HSI-500(500 bar of homogenization pressure)showed the smallest particle size(183.73 nm).ISNCs showed a rougher surface and an irregular lamellar structure with large amount of fine particles by using Cryo-SEM,suggesting that icariin was encapsulated in soymilk.These data supplied a novel strategy to improve the performance of icariin in functional foods.展开更多
Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK/MPK)cascades play crucial parts in plant growth,development processes,immune ability,and stress responses;however,the regulatory mechanism by which MAPK affects fruit ripening rem...Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK/MPK)cascades play crucial parts in plant growth,development processes,immune ability,and stress responses;however,the regulatory mechanism by which MAPK affects fruit ripening remains largely unexplored.Here,we reported that MaMPK14 cooperated with MaMYB4 to mediate postharvest banana fruit ripening.Transient overexpression of individual MaMPK14 and MaMYB4 in banana fruit delayed fruit ripening,confirming the negative roles in the ripening.The ripening negative regulator MaMYB4 could repress the transcription of genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening,such as MaACS1,MaXTH5,MaPG3,and MaEXPA15.Furthermore,MaMPK14 phosphorylated MaMYB4 at Ser160 via a direct interaction.Mutation at Ser160 of MaMYB4 reduced its interaction with MaMPK14 but did not affect its subcellular localization.Importantly,phosphorylation of MaMYB4 by MaMPK14 enhanced the MaMYB4-mediated transcriptional inhibition,binding strength,protein stability,and the repression of fruit ripening.Taken together,our results delineated the regulation pathway of MAPK module during banana fruit ripening,which involved the phosphorylation modification of MaMYB4 mediated by MaMPK14.展开更多
The anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides poses a significant threat to the global mango(Mangifera indica L.)fruit industry.Although histone deacetylases(HDACs)are well recognized to be involved in plan...The anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides poses a significant threat to the global mango(Mangifera indica L.)fruit industry.Although histone deacetylases(HDACs)are well recognized to be involved in plant immunity,the role of HDAC-mediated nonhistone deacetylation in the fruit immune response remains elusive.In the present study,MiHDA3,an HDAC from the RPD3/HDA1 subfamily,was identified as a candidate for regulating mango resistance based on the greatest induction of MiHDA3 in response to infection of C.gloeosporioides among the 19 tested HDAC genes.Transient overexpression of MiHDA3 in mango fruit strengthened the disease resistance by enhancing the activities of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)andβ-1,3-glucanase(GLU))and upregulating the expression levels of MiPAL and MiGLU.These increases occurred concomitantly with increased accumulation of local H_(2)O_(2),a critical signaling molecule.The opposite effects on resistance and H_(2)O_(2) production were observed in MiHDA3-silenced mango fruit.Physiological assays revealed that exogenous H_(2)O_(2) treatment suppressed anthracnose development in mango fruit after inoculation with C.gloeosporioides,whereas treatment with diphenylene iodonium,an inhibitor of endogenous H_(2)O_(2) generation,exacerbated disease symptoms.Furthermore,the mango catalase 1(MiCAT1),a redox homeostasis-related protein,was confirmed to negatively regulate the resistance of mango fruit to C.gloeosporioides by catalyzing the decomposition of H_(2)O_(2).Mechanistic investigations revealed that MiHDA3-mediated deacetylation of MiCAT1 at lysine residues K227 and K233 reduced the enzymatic activity and protein stability of MiCAT1,contributing to enhanced resistance in mango fruit.Collectively,these findings highlight that the functional interplay between HDACs and catalases can modulate the immune response in post-harvest fruits,and reveal a novel mechanism by which HDACs enhance mango disease resistance through the deacetylation of nonhistone proteins and the regulation of their biochemical functions.展开更多
Apyrases are a kind of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases that catalyze the removal of the terminal phosphategroup from nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) or nucleoside diphosphate (NDP). They also function either...Apyrases are a kind of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases that catalyze the removal of the terminal phosphategroup from nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) or nucleoside diphosphate (NDP). They also function either intracellularlyor extracellularly in mediating the NTP/NDP homeostasis critical for plant growth, development, senescence,stress response and adaptation. Initial studies elucidated the biochemistry, structure and function of plant apyrases,while the recent progresses include the crystallography, newly discovered interaction partners and downstream targetsfor diverse apyrases. Furthermore, these apyrases play diverse roles in horticultural crops with the new recognitionof extracellular ATP (eATP) receptors. This review summarized the types, structures, biochemical and physiologicalfunctions of plant apyrases and highlighted their roles in plant growth, development, biotic/abiotic stress responsesand adaptation. The physiological activities among the apyrases, eATP with its receptor and eATP/iATP homeostasis,were reviewed. In particular, the quality formation / deterioration of postharvest horticultural crops caused by apyraseswas emphasized. This paper reviewed the recent advances in the multiple roles of apyrases in horticulturalcrops and provided insights into the regulation of physiological activities by the enzyme from molecular networkperspectives.展开更多
Fungal diseases of plant-based food cause substantial loss in food availability and financial profits as well as security concern.It is absolutely imperative to understand the pathogenesis and manage fungal diseases o...Fungal diseases of plant-based food cause substantial loss in food availability and financial profits as well as security concern.It is absolutely imperative to understand the pathogenesis and manage fungal diseases of crop plants.In recent years,increasing body of evidence showed that epigenetic regulation acts a key role in modulating plant immune responses during fungal infection on plant hosts.We reviewed current progress on epigenetic regulation mechanisms underlying fungal infection and offered an in-depth view of how epigenetic regulation efficiently manipulated plant immune responses.We mainly focused on the role of DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin structures,and non-coding RNAs in fungal pathogenicity.In detail,the roles of these epigenetic modifications in plant response to fungal infection,fungal virulence on plant hosts,and effectormediated phytopathogenic fungus-host interactions were summarized.These epigenetic modifications provided a dynamic and reversible mechanism for pathogens to adapt to host environments and evade plant defenses.Based on the knowledge of how fungal effectors subvert plant host immunity or defense system through epigenetic regulation,the possible application of epigenetic mechanism-based disease management strategies was proposed,including artificial intelligence based methods.Further investigation on necrotic effectors and their host targets will expand our knowledge of fungal pathogenesis as well as plant resistance.In addition,we highlighted the possible role of effectors in the complex interactions between plant immunity,microbial pathogenesis,and the environment,with the goal of designing adaptation strategies in dynamically changing environments.展开更多
Peanut protein isolates(PPI)were extracted from defatted peanut flour as a byproduct of peanut seed oil extraction.PPI treated by high pressure(HP)at 300 MPa was hydrolyzed by Alcalase,and the resulting peanut protein...Peanut protein isolates(PPI)were extracted from defatted peanut flour as a byproduct of peanut seed oil extraction.PPI treated by high pressure(HP)at 300 MPa was hydrolyzed by Alcalase,and the resulting peanut protein hydrolysates(PPH)were further fractionated into four fractions by ultrafiltration(UF)membrane with a molecular weight(Mw)cut-off ranging between 3 kDa and 5 kDa.The fractionated hydrolysates were designated UF-I(whole hydrolysates),UF-II(Mw of more than 5 k Da),UF-III(Mw of 3–5 kDa),and UF-IV(Mw of less than 3 kDa),respectively.The molecular weight distribution,amino acid composition,antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)activity of the various ultrafiltration fractions were analyzed.The maximum membrane flux was obtained when the ultrafiltration conditions were 120 min of hydrolysis time,100 rpm of rotor speed and 4%of hydrolysate concentration,separately.The content of hydrophobic amino acids,polar amino acids,basic amino acids,aromatic amino acids and branched amino acids in the different fractions from highest to lowest was UF-IV,UF-III,UF-I,and UF-II,respectively.Based on the evaluation of the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of the various components,a novel peptide exhibiting both antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities was isolated.The amino acid sequence Tyr-Cys-Ala-Asp,with Mw of 471 Da,was identified.The findings suggest that the UF membrane is capable of effectively separating protein hydrolysates based on their molecular weight,amino acid composition and the sequence of bioactive peptides,which significantly enhances the bioactivity of peptides.展开更多
Banana is sensitive to cold stress and often suffers from chilling injury with browning peel and failure to normal ripening.We have previously reported that banana chilling injury is accompanied by a reduction of miR5...Banana is sensitive to cold stress and often suffers from chilling injury with browning peel and failure to normal ripening.We have previously reported that banana chilling injury is accompanied by a reduction of miR528 accumulation,alleviating the degradation of its target gene MaPPO and raising ROS levels that cause peel browning.Here,we further revealed that the miR528-MaPPO cold-responsive module was regulated by miR156-targeted SPL transcription factors,and the miR156c-MaSPL4 module was also responsive to cold stress in banana.Transient overexpression of miR156c resulted in a more severe chilling phenotype by decreasing the expression of MaSPL4 and miR528.Conversely,the browning was alleviated in STTM-miR156c silencing and OE-MaSPL4 samples.Furthermore,DNA affinity purification sequencing and MaSPL4-overexpressing transcriptome jointly revealed that MaSPL4 may mediate the transcription of genes related to lipid metabolism and antioxidation,in addition to the miR528-MaPPO module,demonstrating MaSPL4 as a master regulator in the fruit cold response network.In summary,our results suggest that the miR156c-MaSPL4 module can mediate the chilling response in banana by regulating the miR528-MaPPO module and multiple other pathways,which provides evidence for the crosstalk between TFs and miRNAs that can be used for the molecular breeding of fruit cold tolerance.展开更多
This paper presented the initial investigation into the impact of Penicillium polonicum fermentation on the functional components and bioactivities of navel orange peel.The fermentation process resulted in a notable e...This paper presented the initial investigation into the impact of Penicillium polonicum fermentation on the functional components and bioactivities of navel orange peel.The fermentation process resulted in a notable enhancement of the total flavonoid content(TFC),total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant capacity,antibacterial activity,and antiglycation activity of orange peel.Eighteen flavonoids were isolated and identified from the ethanolic extract of fermented orange peel(FEE)by employing chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The results of the HPLC analysis showed that three flavanones(naringenin,hesperetin,and isosakuranetin)were newly produced and present in high concentrations in FEE,with hesperetin being the most abundant component(39.74 mg/g)in comparison to the ethanolic extract of unfermented orange peel(EE).The TPC,TFC,antioxidant,and antiglycation activities of FEE,as well as the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase in the fermented orange peels,showed a gradual increase with the progression of fermentation time over a fivemonth period.HPLC analysis revealed that the fermentation metabolites generated by P.polonicum in rice and orange peel media exhibited distinct profiles,indicating that the fermentation of orange peel by P.polonicum did not result in the production of potential mycotoxins.The findings of this study provided a scientific basis for the high-value utilization of navel orange peels and established a reference point for the potential applications of other peel byproducts via microbial fermentation.展开更多
The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in plants.However,the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains ...The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in plants.However,the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains unclear.Here,we discovered that MaMYB16L,an R1-type MYB transcription factor,undergoes alternative splicing and generates two transcripts,the full-length isoform MaMYB16L and a truncated form MaMYB16S,in banana fruit.During banana fruit ripening,the alternative splicing process intensifies with downregulated MaMYB16L and upregulated MaMYB16S.Moreover,MaMYB16L is a transcriptional repressor that directly binds with the promoters of many genes associated with starch degradation and MaDREB2,a positive ripening regulator,and represses their expression.In contrast,MaMBY16S lacks a DNA-binding domain but competitively combines and forms non-functional heterodimers with functional MaMYB16L.MaMYB16L-MaMYB16S heterodimers decrease the binding capacity and transrepression activity of MaMYB16L.The downregulation of MaMYB16L and the upregulation of MaMYB16S,that is,a decreased ratio of active to non-active isoforms,facilitates the activation of ripening-related genes and thereby promotes fruit ripening.Furthermore,the transient overexpression of MaMYB16S promotes banana fruit ripening,whereas the overexpression of MaMYB16L delays this process.Therefore,the alternative splicing of MaMYB16L might generate a self-controlled regulatory loop to regulate banana fruit ripening.展开更多
Pericarp browning is the major cause of deterioration of harvested litchi fruit.Water loss plays a role in pericarp browning of litchi fruit.This study investigated the effects of humidification with dry fog on perica...Pericarp browning is the major cause of deterioration of harvested litchi fruit.Water loss plays a role in pericarp browning of litchi fruit.This study investigated the effects of humidification with dry fog on pericarp browning and quality of litchi fruit stored at low temperature.Litchi fruit were stored in a non-humidified cold chamber(control)or in a humidified cold room using Tabor atomizer system that generated 95%relative humidity(RH)without depositing water on the fruit surface at 4℃.Control fruit stored in cold room without added humidity underwent rapid weight loss,accompanied by severe pericarp browning after 25 d of storage.However,slight weight loss and no obvious pericarp browning were found in humidified-fruit.Moreover,humidification maintained well the integrity of cell membrane and inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity during early storage.In addition,respiration rate was obviously inhibited in humidified-fruit compared with control fruit.This study might provide a convenient approach to reduce pericarp browning of harvested litchi fruit by humidifying the fruit using the Tabor atomizer at low temperature instead of packaging with film.展开更多
The cytochrome b_(6f)(Cyt b_(6f))complex is a multisubunit protein complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes required for photosynthetic electron transport.Here we report the isolation and characterization of the new...The cytochrome b_(6f)(Cyt b_(6f))complex is a multisubunit protein complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes required for photosynthetic electron transport.Here we report the isolation and characterization of the new tiny albino 1(nta1)mutant in Arabidopsis,which has severe defects in Cyt b_(6f) accumulation and chloroplast development.Gene cloning revealed that the nta1 phenotype was caused by disruption of a single nuclear gene,NTA1,which encodes an integral thylakoid membrane protein conserved across green algae and plants.Overexpression of NTA1 completely rescued the nta1 phenotype,and knockout of NTA1 in wild-type plants recapitulated the mutant phenotype.Loss of NTA1 function severely impaired the accumulation of multiprotein complexes related to photosynthesis in thylakoid membranes,particularly the components of Cyt b_(6f).NTA1 was shown to directly interact with four subunits(Cyt b6/PetB,PetD,PetG,and PetN)of Cyt b_(6f) through the DUF1279 domain and C-terminal sequence to mediate their assembly.Taken together,our results identify NTA1 as a new and key regulator of chloroplast development that plays essential roles in assembly of the Cyt b_(6f) complex by interacting with multiple Cyt b_(6f) subunits.展开更多
Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic ...Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic potential of navel orange peel was explored for the first time by evaluating the antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibition,and antiglycation activities of its extracts and individual flavonoids.In total,seventeen flavonoids were identified from the peel extract,of which 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone,didymin and sinensetin were the most potent antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitor,and glycation inhibitor,respectively.In addition,the structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies of these flavonoids were performed in detail.Moreover,the most potent antidiabetic extract of navel orange peel was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The present results support the potent application of orange peel as a nutraceutical resource for diabetes management,and might be beneficial to the orange juice industry by providing useful information on the valorization of orange peel.展开更多
ATP is the primary form of energy for plants,and a shortage of cellular ATP is generally acknowledged to pose a threat to plant growth and development,stress resistance,and crop quality.The overall metabolic processes...ATP is the primary form of energy for plants,and a shortage of cellular ATP is generally acknowledged to pose a threat to plant growth and development,stress resistance,and crop quality.The overall metabolic processes that contribute to the ATP pool,from production,dissipation,and transport to elimination,have been studied extensively.Considerable evidence has revealed that in addition to its role in energy supply,ATP also acts as a regulatory signaling molecule to activate global metabolic responses.Identification of the eATP receptor DORN1 contributed to a better understanding of how plants cope with disruption of ATP homeostasis and of the key points at which ATP signaling pathways intersect in cells or whole organisms.The functions of SnRK1a,the master regulator of the energy management network,in restoring the equi-librium of the ATP pool have been demonstrated,and the vast and complex metabolic network mediated by SnRK1a to adapt tofluctuating environments has been characterized.This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the regulatory control of the cellular ATP pool and discusses possible interactions among key regulators of ATP-pool homeostasis and crosstalk between iATP/eATP signaling pathways.Perception of ATP deficit and modulation of cellular ATP homeostasis mediated by SnRK1a in plants are discussed at the physiological and molecular levels.Finally,we suggest future research directions for modulation of plant cellular ATP homeostasis.展开更多
An expanding body of evidence has shown that NAC(NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2)TF family plays crucial roles in regulating fruit ripening in both climacteric and non-cli-macteric fruits.In tomato,the NOR(NAC NON-RIPEN-ING)transcri...An expanding body of evidence has shown that NAC(NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2)TF family plays crucial roles in regulating fruit ripening in both climacteric and non-cli-macteric fruits.In tomato,the NOR(NAC NON-RIPEN-ING)transcription factor has been identified as a master regulator of fruit ripening by activating the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis,cell wall degrada-tion,carotenoid biosynthesis,and the flavor formation(Gao et al.2020,2022).展开更多
基金The Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010730)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001647)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972022)Financial and moral assistance supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011996)111 Project(B17018)。
文摘In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.
基金the financial support from Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022353)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515011025)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2022A0505050055)。
文摘Soymilk is a natural nanocarrier.However,the performance of flavonoid-soymilk nano-complex remains unclear.In this work,icariin-soymilk nano-complexes(ISNCs)were successfully fabricated and characterized.The effects of high-pressure homogenization(HPH)treatment on structure and physicochemical properties of soymilk and nano-complexes were investigated.HPH treatment could significantly improve the surface hydrophobicity and interfacial activity of soymilk.The soymilk with HPH treatment could significantly improve the water solubility(20 folds),thermal stability and bioavailability of icariin.The highest encapsulation efficiency(93.28%),loading capacity(39.09μg/mg),ζ-potentia(absolute value,31.20 mV)and bioavailability(72.14%)were observed in HSI-200(200 bar of homogenization pressure).While HSI-500(500 bar of homogenization pressure)showed the smallest particle size(183.73 nm).ISNCs showed a rougher surface and an irregular lamellar structure with large amount of fine particles by using Cryo-SEM,suggesting that icariin was encapsulated in soymilk.These data supplied a novel strategy to improve the performance of icariin in functional foods.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31830071)China Agriculture Research System of Ministry of Finance(MOF)and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs(MARA)(Grant No.CARS-31).
文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK/MPK)cascades play crucial parts in plant growth,development processes,immune ability,and stress responses;however,the regulatory mechanism by which MAPK affects fruit ripening remains largely unexplored.Here,we reported that MaMPK14 cooperated with MaMYB4 to mediate postharvest banana fruit ripening.Transient overexpression of individual MaMPK14 and MaMYB4 in banana fruit delayed fruit ripening,confirming the negative roles in the ripening.The ripening negative regulator MaMYB4 could repress the transcription of genes associated with ethylene biosynthesis and fruit softening,such as MaACS1,MaXTH5,MaPG3,and MaEXPA15.Furthermore,MaMPK14 phosphorylated MaMYB4 at Ser160 via a direct interaction.Mutation at Ser160 of MaMYB4 reduced its interaction with MaMPK14 but did not affect its subcellular localization.Importantly,phosphorylation of MaMYB4 by MaMPK14 enhanced the MaMYB4-mediated transcriptional inhibition,binding strength,protein stability,and the repression of fruit ripening.Taken together,our results delineated the regulation pathway of MAPK module during banana fruit ripening,which involved the phosphorylation modification of MaMYB4 mediated by MaMPK14.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.324RC456)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32460786)+2 种基金South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QNXM-202306)the Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2023B1212060046)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Guangzhou,China)。
文摘The anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides poses a significant threat to the global mango(Mangifera indica L.)fruit industry.Although histone deacetylases(HDACs)are well recognized to be involved in plant immunity,the role of HDAC-mediated nonhistone deacetylation in the fruit immune response remains elusive.In the present study,MiHDA3,an HDAC from the RPD3/HDA1 subfamily,was identified as a candidate for regulating mango resistance based on the greatest induction of MiHDA3 in response to infection of C.gloeosporioides among the 19 tested HDAC genes.Transient overexpression of MiHDA3 in mango fruit strengthened the disease resistance by enhancing the activities of defense-related enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)andβ-1,3-glucanase(GLU))and upregulating the expression levels of MiPAL and MiGLU.These increases occurred concomitantly with increased accumulation of local H_(2)O_(2),a critical signaling molecule.The opposite effects on resistance and H_(2)O_(2) production were observed in MiHDA3-silenced mango fruit.Physiological assays revealed that exogenous H_(2)O_(2) treatment suppressed anthracnose development in mango fruit after inoculation with C.gloeosporioides,whereas treatment with diphenylene iodonium,an inhibitor of endogenous H_(2)O_(2) generation,exacerbated disease symptoms.Furthermore,the mango catalase 1(MiCAT1),a redox homeostasis-related protein,was confirmed to negatively regulate the resistance of mango fruit to C.gloeosporioides by catalyzing the decomposition of H_(2)O_(2).Mechanistic investigations revealed that MiHDA3-mediated deacetylation of MiCAT1 at lysine residues K227 and K233 reduced the enzymatic activity and protein stability of MiCAT1,contributing to enhanced resistance in mango fruit.Collectively,these findings highlight that the functional interplay between HDACs and catalases can modulate the immune response in post-harvest fruits,and reveal a novel mechanism by which HDACs enhance mango disease resistance through the deacetylation of nonhistone proteins and the regulation of their biochemical functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.32072640 and 32202566).
文摘Apyrases are a kind of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases that catalyze the removal of the terminal phosphategroup from nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) or nucleoside diphosphate (NDP). They also function either intracellularlyor extracellularly in mediating the NTP/NDP homeostasis critical for plant growth, development, senescence,stress response and adaptation. Initial studies elucidated the biochemistry, structure and function of plant apyrases,while the recent progresses include the crystallography, newly discovered interaction partners and downstream targetsfor diverse apyrases. Furthermore, these apyrases play diverse roles in horticultural crops with the new recognitionof extracellular ATP (eATP) receptors. This review summarized the types, structures, biochemical and physiologicalfunctions of plant apyrases and highlighted their roles in plant growth, development, biotic/abiotic stress responsesand adaptation. The physiological activities among the apyrases, eATP with its receptor and eATP/iATP homeostasis,were reviewed. In particular, the quality formation / deterioration of postharvest horticultural crops caused by apyraseswas emphasized. This paper reviewed the recent advances in the multiple roles of apyrases in horticulturalcrops and provided insights into the regulation of physiological activities by the enzyme from molecular networkperspectives.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32272781)Funding by Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(E33309)Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2023B1212060046).
文摘Fungal diseases of plant-based food cause substantial loss in food availability and financial profits as well as security concern.It is absolutely imperative to understand the pathogenesis and manage fungal diseases of crop plants.In recent years,increasing body of evidence showed that epigenetic regulation acts a key role in modulating plant immune responses during fungal infection on plant hosts.We reviewed current progress on epigenetic regulation mechanisms underlying fungal infection and offered an in-depth view of how epigenetic regulation efficiently manipulated plant immune responses.We mainly focused on the role of DNA methylation,histone modification,chromatin structures,and non-coding RNAs in fungal pathogenicity.In detail,the roles of these epigenetic modifications in plant response to fungal infection,fungal virulence on plant hosts,and effectormediated phytopathogenic fungus-host interactions were summarized.These epigenetic modifications provided a dynamic and reversible mechanism for pathogens to adapt to host environments and evade plant defenses.Based on the knowledge of how fungal effectors subvert plant host immunity or defense system through epigenetic regulation,the possible application of epigenetic mechanism-based disease management strategies was proposed,including artificial intelligence based methods.Further investigation on necrotic effectors and their host targets will expand our knowledge of fungal pathogenesis as well as plant resistance.In addition,we highlighted the possible role of effectors in the complex interactions between plant immunity,microbial pathogenesis,and the environment,with the goal of designing adaptation strategies in dynamically changing environments.
基金supported by Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(No.Guike ZY22096025)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi province(2016GXNSFAA380088).
文摘Peanut protein isolates(PPI)were extracted from defatted peanut flour as a byproduct of peanut seed oil extraction.PPI treated by high pressure(HP)at 300 MPa was hydrolyzed by Alcalase,and the resulting peanut protein hydrolysates(PPH)were further fractionated into four fractions by ultrafiltration(UF)membrane with a molecular weight(Mw)cut-off ranging between 3 kDa and 5 kDa.The fractionated hydrolysates were designated UF-I(whole hydrolysates),UF-II(Mw of more than 5 k Da),UF-III(Mw of 3–5 kDa),and UF-IV(Mw of less than 3 kDa),respectively.The molecular weight distribution,amino acid composition,antioxidant activity and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)activity of the various ultrafiltration fractions were analyzed.The maximum membrane flux was obtained when the ultrafiltration conditions were 120 min of hydrolysis time,100 rpm of rotor speed and 4%of hydrolysate concentration,separately.The content of hydrophobic amino acids,polar amino acids,basic amino acids,aromatic amino acids and branched amino acids in the different fractions from highest to lowest was UF-IV,UF-III,UF-I,and UF-II,respectively.Based on the evaluation of the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities of the various components,a novel peptide exhibiting both antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities was isolated.The amino acid sequence Tyr-Cys-Ala-Asp,with Mw of 471 Da,was identified.The findings suggest that the UF membrane is capable of effectively separating protein hydrolysates based on their molecular weight,amino acid composition and the sequence of bioactive peptides,which significantly enhances the bioactivity of peptides.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(#32372781,#32371926)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2024A1515012759)+1 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2023B1212060046)the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2024VBA0005).
文摘Banana is sensitive to cold stress and often suffers from chilling injury with browning peel and failure to normal ripening.We have previously reported that banana chilling injury is accompanied by a reduction of miR528 accumulation,alleviating the degradation of its target gene MaPPO and raising ROS levels that cause peel browning.Here,we further revealed that the miR528-MaPPO cold-responsive module was regulated by miR156-targeted SPL transcription factors,and the miR156c-MaSPL4 module was also responsive to cold stress in banana.Transient overexpression of miR156c resulted in a more severe chilling phenotype by decreasing the expression of MaSPL4 and miR528.Conversely,the browning was alleviated in STTM-miR156c silencing and OE-MaSPL4 samples.Furthermore,DNA affinity purification sequencing and MaSPL4-overexpressing transcriptome jointly revealed that MaSPL4 may mediate the transcription of genes related to lipid metabolism and antioxidation,in addition to the miR528-MaPPO module,demonstrating MaSPL4 as a master regulator in the fruit cold response network.In summary,our results suggest that the miR156c-MaSPL4 module can mediate the chilling response in banana by regulating the miR528-MaPPO module and multiple other pathways,which provides evidence for the crosstalk between TFs and miRNAs that can be used for the molecular breeding of fruit cold tolerance.
基金supported by the Key Research Project of Jiangxi Province(No.20224BBF61026)the’Double Thousand Talents Plan’of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019102029).
文摘This paper presented the initial investigation into the impact of Penicillium polonicum fermentation on the functional components and bioactivities of navel orange peel.The fermentation process resulted in a notable enhancement of the total flavonoid content(TFC),total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant capacity,antibacterial activity,and antiglycation activity of orange peel.Eighteen flavonoids were isolated and identified from the ethanolic extract of fermented orange peel(FEE)by employing chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.The results of the HPLC analysis showed that three flavanones(naringenin,hesperetin,and isosakuranetin)were newly produced and present in high concentrations in FEE,with hesperetin being the most abundant component(39.74 mg/g)in comparison to the ethanolic extract of unfermented orange peel(EE).The TPC,TFC,antioxidant,and antiglycation activities of FEE,as well as the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase in the fermented orange peels,showed a gradual increase with the progression of fermentation time over a fivemonth period.HPLC analysis revealed that the fermentation metabolites generated by P.polonicum in rice and orange peel media exhibited distinct profiles,indicating that the fermentation of orange peel by P.polonicum did not result in the production of potential mycotoxins.The findings of this study provided a scientific basis for the high-value utilization of navel orange peels and established a reference point for the potential applications of other peel byproducts via microbial fermentation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31830070,31871856,31772041)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(Nos.201804020041,201904010014)National Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB127104).
文摘The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in plants.However,the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains unclear.Here,we discovered that MaMYB16L,an R1-type MYB transcription factor,undergoes alternative splicing and generates two transcripts,the full-length isoform MaMYB16L and a truncated form MaMYB16S,in banana fruit.During banana fruit ripening,the alternative splicing process intensifies with downregulated MaMYB16L and upregulated MaMYB16S.Moreover,MaMYB16L is a transcriptional repressor that directly binds with the promoters of many genes associated with starch degradation and MaDREB2,a positive ripening regulator,and represses their expression.In contrast,MaMBY16S lacks a DNA-binding domain but competitively combines and forms non-functional heterodimers with functional MaMYB16L.MaMYB16L-MaMYB16S heterodimers decrease the binding capacity and transrepression activity of MaMYB16L.The downregulation of MaMYB16L and the upregulation of MaMYB16S,that is,a decreased ratio of active to non-active isoforms,facilitates the activation of ripening-related genes and thereby promotes fruit ripening.Furthermore,the transient overexpression of MaMYB16S promotes banana fruit ripening,whereas the overexpression of MaMYB16L delays this process.Therefore,the alternative splicing of MaMYB16L might generate a self-controlled regulatory loop to regulate banana fruit ripening.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0401301)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos 31770726 and 31772041)+3 种基金Science and Technology Planning of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2013004)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.201804020041)Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201303073)The work was also supported by National Botanical Gardens,CAS.
文摘Pericarp browning is the major cause of deterioration of harvested litchi fruit.Water loss plays a role in pericarp browning of litchi fruit.This study investigated the effects of humidification with dry fog on pericarp browning and quality of litchi fruit stored at low temperature.Litchi fruit were stored in a non-humidified cold chamber(control)or in a humidified cold room using Tabor atomizer system that generated 95%relative humidity(RH)without depositing water on the fruit surface at 4℃.Control fruit stored in cold room without added humidity underwent rapid weight loss,accompanied by severe pericarp browning after 25 d of storage.However,slight weight loss and no obvious pericarp browning were found in humidified-fruit.Moreover,humidification maintained well the integrity of cell membrane and inhibited polyphenol oxidase activity during early storage.In addition,respiration rate was obviously inhibited in humidified-fruit compared with control fruit.This study might provide a convenient approach to reduce pericarp browning of harvested litchi fruit by humidifying the fruit using the Tabor atomizer at low temperature instead of packaging with film.
基金supported by the General Research Fund(CUHK codes 14121915,14148916,and 14104521)the Area of Excellence Scheme(AoE/M-403/16 and AoE/M-05/12)of the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-RGC Joint Scheme(N_CUHK452/17)direct grants from the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK).
文摘The cytochrome b_(6f)(Cyt b_(6f))complex is a multisubunit protein complex in chloroplast thylakoid membranes required for photosynthetic electron transport.Here we report the isolation and characterization of the new tiny albino 1(nta1)mutant in Arabidopsis,which has severe defects in Cyt b_(6f) accumulation and chloroplast development.Gene cloning revealed that the nta1 phenotype was caused by disruption of a single nuclear gene,NTA1,which encodes an integral thylakoid membrane protein conserved across green algae and plants.Overexpression of NTA1 completely rescued the nta1 phenotype,and knockout of NTA1 in wild-type plants recapitulated the mutant phenotype.Loss of NTA1 function severely impaired the accumulation of multiprotein complexes related to photosynthesis in thylakoid membranes,particularly the components of Cyt b_(6f).NTA1 was shown to directly interact with four subunits(Cyt b6/PetB,PetD,PetG,and PetN)of Cyt b_(6f) through the DUF1279 domain and C-terminal sequence to mediate their assembly.Taken together,our results identify NTA1 as a new and key regulator of chloroplast development that plays essential roles in assembly of the Cyt b_(6f) complex by interacting with multiple Cyt b_(6f) subunits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31860091)the Key Research Project of Jiangxi Province(No.20203BBF63028)+1 种基金the“Double Thousand Talents Plan”of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019102029)the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau of Ganzhou(Nos.202101124704,202060).
文摘Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic potential of navel orange peel was explored for the first time by evaluating the antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibition,and antiglycation activities of its extracts and individual flavonoids.In total,seventeen flavonoids were identified from the peel extract,of which 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone,didymin and sinensetin were the most potent antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitor,and glycation inhibitor,respectively.In addition,the structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies of these flavonoids were performed in detail.Moreover,the most potent antidiabetic extract of navel orange peel was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The present results support the potent application of orange peel as a nutraceutical resource for diabetes management,and might be beneficial to the orange juice industry by providing useful information on the valorization of orange peel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos.32371926,32101567,and 32071810).
文摘ATP is the primary form of energy for plants,and a shortage of cellular ATP is generally acknowledged to pose a threat to plant growth and development,stress resistance,and crop quality.The overall metabolic processes that contribute to the ATP pool,from production,dissipation,and transport to elimination,have been studied extensively.Considerable evidence has revealed that in addition to its role in energy supply,ATP also acts as a regulatory signaling molecule to activate global metabolic responses.Identification of the eATP receptor DORN1 contributed to a better understanding of how plants cope with disruption of ATP homeostasis and of the key points at which ATP signaling pathways intersect in cells or whole organisms.The functions of SnRK1a,the master regulator of the energy management network,in restoring the equi-librium of the ATP pool have been demonstrated,and the vast and complex metabolic network mediated by SnRK1a to adapt tofluctuating environments has been characterized.This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the regulatory control of the cellular ATP pool and discusses possible interactions among key regulators of ATP-pool homeostasis and crosstalk between iATP/eATP signaling pathways.Perception of ATP deficit and modulation of cellular ATP homeostasis mediated by SnRK1a in plants are discussed at the physiological and molecular levels.Finally,we suggest future research directions for modulation of plant cellular ATP homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32272782)South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Granted No:QNXM-202306)Guangdong Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.:2023B1212060046).
文摘An expanding body of evidence has shown that NAC(NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2)TF family plays crucial roles in regulating fruit ripening in both climacteric and non-cli-macteric fruits.In tomato,the NOR(NAC NON-RIPEN-ING)transcription factor has been identified as a master regulator of fruit ripening by activating the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis,cell wall degrada-tion,carotenoid biosynthesis,and the flavor formation(Gao et al.2020,2022).
