The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent stem cells which can differentiate into mesenchymal cells in vitro. In this study, MSCs in duck were isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centri...The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent stem cells which can differentiate into mesenchymal cells in vitro. In this study, MSCs in duck were isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centrifuge separation, purified and expanded in the me- dium. The primary MSCs were expanded for 11 passages. The different-passage MSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and neuron-like cells. Karyotype analysis indicated that MSCs kept diploid condition and the hereditary feature was stable. The different- passage MSCs expressed CD44, ICAM-1 and SSEA-4, but not CD34, CD45 and SSEA-1 when detected by immunofluorescence staining There was no significant difference among the positive rates of passages 2, 6 and 8 （P 〉 0.05）, but a significant difference existed among those of passages 2, 6, 8 and 11 （P 〈 0.05）. After the osteogenic inducement was added, the induced different-passage MSCs expressed high-level alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, and are positive for tetracycline staining, Alizarin Red staining and Von Kossa staining. After the neural inducement was added, about 70% cells exhibited typical neuron-like phenotype, the induced different-passage MSCs expressed Nestin, neuron-specific enolase （NSE） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） when detected by immunofluorescence staining. There was no significant difference among the positive rates of passages 3, 4 and 6 （P〉0.05）, but a significant difference existed among those of passages 3, 4, 6 and 8 （P〈0.05）. These results suggest that MSCs in duck were capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and neuron-like cells in vitro.展开更多
As large-scale genomic studies have progressed,it has been revealed that a single reference genome pattern cannot represent genetic diversity at the species level.While domestic animals tend to have complex routes of ...As large-scale genomic studies have progressed,it has been revealed that a single reference genome pattern cannot represent genetic diversity at the species level.While domestic animals tend to have complex routes of origin and migration,suggesting a possible omission of some population-specific sequences in the current reference genome.Conversely,the pangenome is a collection of all DNA sequences of a species that contains sequences shared by all individuals(core genome)and is also able to display sequence information unique to each individual(variable genome).The progress of pangenome research in humans,plants and domestic animals has proved that the missing genetic components and the identification of large structural variants(SVs)can be explored through pangenomic studies.Many individual specific sequences have been shown to be related to biological adaptability,phenotype and important economic traits.The maturity of technologies and methods such as third-generation sequencing,Tel-omere-to-telomere genomes,graphic genomes,and reference-free assembly will further promote the development of pangenome.In the future,pangenome combined with long-read data and multi-omics will help to resolve large SVs and their relationship with the main economic traits of interest in domesticated animals,providing better insights into animal domestication,evolution and breeding.In this review,we mainly discuss how pangenome analysis reveals genetic variations in domestic animals(sheep,cattle,pigs,chickens)and their impacts on phenotypes and how this can contribute to the understanding of species diversity.Additionally,we also go through potential issues and the future perspectives of pangenome research in livestock and poultry.展开更多
Background Physical frailty and depression may share common pathophysiological pathways associated with dementia and thus interact with each other.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the individual impa...Background Physical frailty and depression may share common pathophysiological pathways associated with dementia and thus interact with each other.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the individual impact of these factors on dementia.Aims To examine the joint effect and interaction of physical frailty and depression on the risk of all-cause dementia.Methods We conducted prospective analyses among participants aged≥60 years from three cohorts:the UK Biobank(UKB),the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)and the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Physical frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Fried frailty phenotype.Depression was evaluated through mental health questionnaires or combined with hospital admission records.The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia,identified via active follow-up and passive surveillance.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results A total of 220947 participants(mean age:64.5 years;53.3%female)were included.Over 2832696 person-years of follow-up,9088 participants(7605 in UKB,1207 in HRS and 276 in ELSA)developed incident all-cause dementia.Compared with robust individuals,frail participants faced a 155%increased risk of dementia(pooled HR:2.55,95%CI 2.36 to 2.76;I2=72.3%).Depression conferred a 1.59-fold excess risk for dementia(pooled HR:1.59,95%CI 1.50 to 1.69;I2=56.8%).Adding physical frailty and depression to a traditional dementia risk model significantly improved prediction accuracy(all p-Δarea under the curve<0.05).Jointly,participants with both physical frailty and depression exhibited the highest dementia risk(pooled HR:3.23,95%CI 2.86 to 3.65;I2=41.6%)compared with those without physical frailty and depression.Moreover,a significant additive interaction between physical frailty and depression was observed(pooled relative excess risk due to interaction:0.38,95%CI 0.13 to 0.63),with 17.1%(95%CI 6.0%to 28.3%)of dementia risk attributed to their interactive effects.Conclusions Individuals with both physical frailty and depression had the highest risk of dementia.More importantly,these two factors interact in an additive manner,further amplifying dementia risk.展开更多
The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calib...The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago(Zeder and Hesse,2000).A variety of well-adapted goat breeds with excellent economic traits have been selected artificially and naturally for human needs in China,Pakistan,and Nepal.For example,cashmere goat breeds produce fine cashmere wool and are mainly distributed on the Himalayan Plateau(e.g.,Nepal and Xizang,China)and in cold northern China(e.g.,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning).The Toggenburg dairy goat is the most productive breed of dairy goat and is distributed in at least 50 countries on all continents(Ferro et al.,2017).Pakistani ewes are reared mostly for meat and wool purposes,but some are used as dairy goats,such as the Bugi Toori goat and Pateri goat(Bilal et al.,2018).Additionally,indigenous goats of the southern Asian regions are well adapted to the local hot environment.Their unique traits and biodiversity serve as genetic resources that can be used for the artificial breeding of goats.Recently,several studies have provided patterns of genome-wide characteristics in goat populations to explore the underlying genetic basis of trait formation and environmental adaptability in China(Zhang et al.,2018),Pakistan(Kumar et al.,2018),and Nepal(Sasazaki et al.,2021),respectively.However,due to the proximity of these geographic regions,the profiles of genetic differences,gene flow,and common genes related to high trait performance between goat populations from China,Pakistan,and Nepal remain unclear.展开更多
Sheep(Ovis aries),among the first domesticated species,are now globally widespread and exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse environments.In this study,we perform whole-genome sequencing of266 animals from 18 dis...Sheep(Ovis aries),among the first domesticated species,are now globally widespread and exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse environments.In this study,we perform whole-genome sequencing of266 animals from 18 distinct Chinese sheep populations,each displaying unique phenotypes indicative of adaptation to varying environmental conditions.Integrating 131 environmental factors with single nucleotide polymorphism variations,we conduct a comprehensive genetic-environmental association analysis.This analysis identifies 35 key genes likely integral to the environmental adaptation of sheep.The functions of these genes include fat tail formation(HOXA10,HOXA11,JAZF1),wool characteristics(FER,FGF5,MITF,PDE4B),horn phenotypes(RXFP2),reproduction(HIBADH,TRIM71,C6H4orf22),and growth traits(ADGRL3,TRHDE).Notably,we observe a significant correlation between the frequency of missense mutations in the PAPSS2 and RXFP2 genes and variations in altitude.Our study reveals candidate genes for adaptive variation in sheep and demonstrates the diversity in how sheep adapt to their environment.展开更多
Structures in molecular ISM are observed to follow a power-law relation between the velocity dispersion and spatial size,known as Larson’s first relation,which is often attributed to the turbulent nature of molecular...Structures in molecular ISM are observed to follow a power-law relation between the velocity dispersion and spatial size,known as Larson’s first relation,which is often attributed to the turbulent nature of molecular ISM and imprints the dynamics of molecular cloud structures.Using the^(13)CO(J=1-0)data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting survey,we built a sample with 360 structures having relatively accurate distances obtained from either the reddened background stars with Gaia parallaxes or associated maser parallaxes,spanning from 0.4 to~15 kpc.Using this sample and about 0.3 million pixels,we analyzed the correlations between velocity dispersion,surface/column density,and spatial scales.Our structure-wise results show power-law indices smaller than 0.5 in both theσ_(v)-R_(eff)andσ_(v)-R_(eff)·Σrelations.In the pixel-wise results,the v spix is statistically scaling with the beam physical size(R_(s)≡ΘD/2)in form ofσ_(v)^(pix)■R_(s)^(0.43±0.03).Meanwhile,σ_(v)_(pix)in the inner Galaxy is statistically larger than the outer side.We also analyzed correlations betweenσ_(v)_(pix)and the H_(2)column density N(H_(2)),finding thatσ_(v)_(pix)stops increasing with N(H_(2))after>10^(22)cm^(-2).The structures with and without high-column-density(>10^(22)cm^(-2))pixels show differentσ_(v)_(pix)■N(H_(2))^(ξ)relations,where the mean(std)ξvalues are 0.38(0.14)and 0.62(0.27),respectively.展开更多
Optical fiber magnetic field sensors play a crucial role in aerospace and medical fields due to their high sensitivity,fast response time,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Most current research primarily ...Optical fiber magnetic field sensors play a crucial role in aerospace and medical fields due to their high sensitivity,fast response time,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Most current research primarily focuses on detecting magnetic field intensity;however,the magnetic field is a vector field with both intensity and direction,making vector magnetic field measurement significantly important in various fields.展开更多
A laser has been demonstrated to achieve tunable mode-locked operation using a multifunctional long-period fiber grating(LPFG).By introducing an LPFG with a relatively high polarization-dependent loss of up to 21 dB i...A laser has been demonstrated to achieve tunable mode-locked operation using a multifunctional long-period fiber grating(LPFG).By introducing an LPFG with a relatively high polarization-dependent loss of up to 21 dB into the laser cavity,a stable fundamental frequency mode-locked operation was achieved at 1546.26 nm.We also have achieved a wavelength-tunable40th-harmonic mode-locked laser with a tuning range of nearly 10 nm through simple thermal tuning,based on the tunable attenuation characteristics of the grating.The results indicate that the LPFG can simultaneously act as a polarizationselective and wavelength-selective element in mode-locked lasers.展开更多
Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-beta family member that normally acts to limit skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin gene (MSTN) knockout (KO) mice show possible effects for the prevention or treatment of metabo...Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-beta family member that normally acts to limit skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin gene (MSTN) knockout (KO) mice show possible effects for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. We applied chromatography and mass spectrometry based metabonomics to assess system-wide metabolic response of heterozygous MSTN KO (MSTN+/-) swine. Most of the metabolic data for MSTN+/- swine were similar to the data for wild type (WT) control swine. There were, however, metabolic changes related to fatty acid metabolism, glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, as well as BCAA catabolism caused by monoallelic MSTN depletion. The statistical analyses suggested that: (1) most metabolic changes were not significant in MSTN+/- swine compared to WT swine; (2) only a few metabolic properties were significantly different between KO and WT swine, especially for lipid metabolism. Significantly, these minor changes were most evident in female KO swine and suggested differences in gender sensitivity to myostatin.展开更多
Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago,thousands of years later than other domestic animals;however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilizat...Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago,thousands of years later than other domestic animals;however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using markerassisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The MC1 R locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the MSTN locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in DMRT3 is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci(3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:23259732) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.展开更多
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Pro-gram) (No. 2006AA10Z198 and 2007AA10Z170)the National Infrastructure of Natural Science and Technology Program (No. 2005DKA21101)the National Scientific Foundation of China (No. 30671539).
文摘The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent stem cells which can differentiate into mesenchymal cells in vitro. In this study, MSCs in duck were isolated from bone marrow by density gradient centrifuge separation, purified and expanded in the me- dium. The primary MSCs were expanded for 11 passages. The different-passage MSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and neuron-like cells. Karyotype analysis indicated that MSCs kept diploid condition and the hereditary feature was stable. The different- passage MSCs expressed CD44, ICAM-1 and SSEA-4, but not CD34, CD45 and SSEA-1 when detected by immunofluorescence staining There was no significant difference among the positive rates of passages 2, 6 and 8 （P 〉 0.05）, but a significant difference existed among those of passages 2, 6, 8 and 11 （P 〈 0.05）. After the osteogenic inducement was added, the induced different-passage MSCs expressed high-level alkaline phosphatase （ALP）, and are positive for tetracycline staining, Alizarin Red staining and Von Kossa staining. After the neural inducement was added, about 70% cells exhibited typical neuron-like phenotype, the induced different-passage MSCs expressed Nestin, neuron-specific enolase （NSE） and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） when detected by immunofluorescence staining. There was no significant difference among the positive rates of passages 3, 4 and 6 （P〉0.05）, but a significant difference existed among those of passages 3, 4, 6 and 8 （P〈0.05）. These results suggest that MSCs in duck were capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and neuron-like cells in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31961143021)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (grant numbers CARS-39-01)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (grant numbers ASTIP-IAS01) to YM and LJsupported by the Elite Youth Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘As large-scale genomic studies have progressed,it has been revealed that a single reference genome pattern cannot represent genetic diversity at the species level.While domestic animals tend to have complex routes of origin and migration,suggesting a possible omission of some population-specific sequences in the current reference genome.Conversely,the pangenome is a collection of all DNA sequences of a species that contains sequences shared by all individuals(core genome)and is also able to display sequence information unique to each individual(variable genome).The progress of pangenome research in humans,plants and domestic animals has proved that the missing genetic components and the identification of large structural variants(SVs)can be explored through pangenomic studies.Many individual specific sequences have been shown to be related to biological adaptability,phenotype and important economic traits.The maturity of technologies and methods such as third-generation sequencing,Tel-omere-to-telomere genomes,graphic genomes,and reference-free assembly will further promote the development of pangenome.In the future,pangenome combined with long-read data and multi-omics will help to resolve large SVs and their relationship with the main economic traits of interest in domesticated animals,providing better insights into animal domestication,evolution and breeding.In this review,we mainly discuss how pangenome analysis reveals genetic variations in domestic animals(sheep,cattle,pigs,chickens)and their impacts on phenotypes and how this can contribute to the understanding of species diversity.Additionally,we also go through potential issues and the future perspectives of pangenome research in livestock and poultry.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0907004 to YZ)。
文摘Background Physical frailty and depression may share common pathophysiological pathways associated with dementia and thus interact with each other.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the individual impact of these factors on dementia.Aims To examine the joint effect and interaction of physical frailty and depression on the risk of all-cause dementia.Methods We conducted prospective analyses among participants aged≥60 years from three cohorts:the UK Biobank(UKB),the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing(ELSA)and the Health and Retirement Study(HRS).Physical frailty was assessed using modified versions of the Fried frailty phenotype.Depression was evaluated through mental health questionnaires or combined with hospital admission records.The primary outcome was incident all-cause dementia,identified via active follow-up and passive surveillance.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results A total of 220947 participants(mean age:64.5 years;53.3%female)were included.Over 2832696 person-years of follow-up,9088 participants(7605 in UKB,1207 in HRS and 276 in ELSA)developed incident all-cause dementia.Compared with robust individuals,frail participants faced a 155%increased risk of dementia(pooled HR:2.55,95%CI 2.36 to 2.76;I2=72.3%).Depression conferred a 1.59-fold excess risk for dementia(pooled HR:1.59,95%CI 1.50 to 1.69;I2=56.8%).Adding physical frailty and depression to a traditional dementia risk model significantly improved prediction accuracy(all p-Δarea under the curve<0.05).Jointly,participants with both physical frailty and depression exhibited the highest dementia risk(pooled HR:3.23,95%CI 2.86 to 3.65;I2=41.6%)compared with those without physical frailty and depression.Moreover,a significant additive interaction between physical frailty and depression was observed(pooled relative excess risk due to interaction:0.38,95%CI 0.13 to 0.63),with 17.1%(95%CI 6.0%to 28.3%)of dementia risk attributed to their interactive effects.Conclusions Individuals with both physical frailty and depression had the highest risk of dementia.More importantly,these two factors interact in an additive manner,further amplifying dementia risk.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143021)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-3901)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China(ASTIP-IAS01)to Y.M.and L.J.supported by the Elite Youth Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago(Zeder and Hesse,2000).A variety of well-adapted goat breeds with excellent economic traits have been selected artificially and naturally for human needs in China,Pakistan,and Nepal.For example,cashmere goat breeds produce fine cashmere wool and are mainly distributed on the Himalayan Plateau(e.g.,Nepal and Xizang,China)and in cold northern China(e.g.,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning).The Toggenburg dairy goat is the most productive breed of dairy goat and is distributed in at least 50 countries on all continents(Ferro et al.,2017).Pakistani ewes are reared mostly for meat and wool purposes,but some are used as dairy goats,such as the Bugi Toori goat and Pateri goat(Bilal et al.,2018).Additionally,indigenous goats of the southern Asian regions are well adapted to the local hot environment.Their unique traits and biodiversity serve as genetic resources that can be used for the artificial breeding of goats.Recently,several studies have provided patterns of genome-wide characteristics in goat populations to explore the underlying genetic basis of trait formation and environmental adaptability in China(Zhang et al.,2018),Pakistan(Kumar et al.,2018),and Nepal(Sasazaki et al.,2021),respectively.However,due to the proximity of these geographic regions,the profiles of genetic differences,gene flow,and common genes related to high trait performance between goat populations from China,Pakistan,and Nepal remain unclear.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222079,31961143021)the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-39-01)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-IAS01)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1000104-3)。
文摘Sheep(Ovis aries),among the first domesticated species,are now globally widespread and exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse environments.In this study,we perform whole-genome sequencing of266 animals from 18 distinct Chinese sheep populations,each displaying unique phenotypes indicative of adaptation to varying environmental conditions.Integrating 131 environmental factors with single nucleotide polymorphism variations,we conduct a comprehensive genetic-environmental association analysis.This analysis identifies 35 key genes likely integral to the environmental adaptation of sheep.The functions of these genes include fat tail formation(HOXA10,HOXA11,JAZF1),wool characteristics(FER,FGF5,MITF,PDE4B),horn phenotypes(RXFP2),reproduction(HIBADH,TRIM71,C6H4orf22),and growth traits(ADGRL3,TRHDE).Notably,we observe a significant correlation between the frequency of missense mutations in the PAPSS2 and RXFP2 genes and variations in altitude.Our study reveals candidate genes for adaptive variation in sheep and demonstrates the diversity in how sheep adapt to their environment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2023YFA1608000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.U2031202,12373030,and 11873093)+2 种基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China with grant 2023YFA1608000the CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences with grant QYZDJ-SSW-SLH047Z.C.acknowledges the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant No.BK20231509)。
文摘Structures in molecular ISM are observed to follow a power-law relation between the velocity dispersion and spatial size,known as Larson’s first relation,which is often attributed to the turbulent nature of molecular ISM and imprints the dynamics of molecular cloud structures.Using the^(13)CO(J=1-0)data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting survey,we built a sample with 360 structures having relatively accurate distances obtained from either the reddened background stars with Gaia parallaxes or associated maser parallaxes,spanning from 0.4 to~15 kpc.Using this sample and about 0.3 million pixels,we analyzed the correlations between velocity dispersion,surface/column density,and spatial scales.Our structure-wise results show power-law indices smaller than 0.5 in both theσ_(v)-R_(eff)andσ_(v)-R_(eff)·Σrelations.In the pixel-wise results,the v spix is statistically scaling with the beam physical size(R_(s)≡ΘD/2)in form ofσ_(v)^(pix)■R_(s)^(0.43±0.03).Meanwhile,σ_(v)_(pix)in the inner Galaxy is statistically larger than the outer side.We also analyzed correlations betweenσ_(v)_(pix)and the H_(2)column density N(H_(2)),finding thatσ_(v)_(pix)stops increasing with N(H_(2))after>10^(22)cm^(-2).The structures with and without high-column-density(>10^(22)cm^(-2))pixels show differentσ_(v)_(pix)■N(H_(2))^(ξ)relations,where the mean(std)ξvalues are 0.38(0.14)and 0.62(0.27),respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075124,62275148).
文摘Optical fiber magnetic field sensors play a crucial role in aerospace and medical fields due to their high sensitivity,fast response time,and resistance to electromagnetic interference.Most current research primarily focuses on detecting magnetic field intensity;however,the magnetic field is a vector field with both intensity and direction,making vector magnetic field measurement significantly important in various fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62305170 and 62305167)the Open Foundation of Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province(No.IMIS202304)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.SKLSFO2023-02)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223035)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(No.2023r090)the Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.23KJB140014)。
文摘A laser has been demonstrated to achieve tunable mode-locked operation using a multifunctional long-period fiber grating(LPFG).By introducing an LPFG with a relatively high polarization-dependent loss of up to 21 dB into the laser cavity,a stable fundamental frequency mode-locked operation was achieved at 1546.26 nm.We also have achieved a wavelength-tunable40th-harmonic mode-locked laser with a tuning range of nearly 10 nm through simple thermal tuning,based on the tunable attenuation characteristics of the grating.The results indicate that the LPFG can simultaneously act as a polarizationselective and wavelength-selective element in mode-locked lasers.
基金funded by the key special projects of breeding new varieties of genetically modified organisms in China(2014ZX08012-002)
文摘Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-beta family member that normally acts to limit skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin gene (MSTN) knockout (KO) mice show possible effects for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. We applied chromatography and mass spectrometry based metabonomics to assess system-wide metabolic response of heterozygous MSTN KO (MSTN+/-) swine. Most of the metabolic data for MSTN+/- swine were similar to the data for wild type (WT) control swine. There were, however, metabolic changes related to fatty acid metabolism, glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, as well as BCAA catabolism caused by monoallelic MSTN depletion. The statistical analyses suggested that: (1) most metabolic changes were not significant in MSTN+/- swine compared to WT swine; (2) only a few metabolic properties were significantly different between KO and WT swine, especially for lipid metabolism. Significantly, these minor changes were most evident in female KO swine and suggested differences in gender sensitivity to myostatin.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China (ASTIP-IAS01)the National Infrastructure of Domestic Animal Resources
文摘Horses were domesticated 5500 years ago,thousands of years later than other domestic animals;however, in this relatively short period, domestic horses have had a great impact on human history by accelerating civilization, revolutionizing warfare and advancing agricultural production. Modern breeding using markerassisted selection has greatly accelerated breeding progress. Therefore, identification of genetic markers underlying the traits of interest in domestic horses is the basis for the modern breeding system. In this review, we present an overview of genetic mapping studies and genome wide analyses to identify the genomic regions targeted by positive selection for four important aspects of horses, coat color, racing performance, gait and height at withers. The MC1 R locus, for example, has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color, and the MSTN locus has been shown to control the muscle fiber growth in racing breeds. The missense mutation in DMRT3 is the causal mutation for the alternate gaits in horses. Height at withers, a quantitative trait, was mapped to four major loci(3:105547002, 6:81481064, 9:75550059 and 11:23259732) that can explain 83% of the height variations in domestic horses.
