[Objectives]In order to explore the feasibility of using straw and biochar returned to the soil to improve soil physical properties and pH value in cold rice regions of China.[Methods]the effects of straw directly ret...[Objectives]In order to explore the feasibility of using straw and biochar returned to the soil to improve soil physical properties and pH value in cold rice regions of China.[Methods]the effects of straw directly returned to the soil and charred straw(biochar)returned to the soil on soil bulk density,porosity,temperature and pH value of cold paddy soil were studied in this paper.[Results]The results showed that compared with conventional production,straw(6 t/ha),a small amount of biochar(2 t/ha)and a large amount of biochar(40 t/ha)returned to the soil reduced paddy soil bulk density at different growth stages by 6.02%-11.86%,2.69%-6.67%and 8.58%-11.32%,respectively,increased total porosity by 7.41%-14.93%,3.19%-8.38%and 9.81%-14.27%,respectively,and increased aeration porosity by 22.28%-192.11%,17.80%-92.11%and 52.44%-157.11%,respectively.Straw and a small amount of biochar returned to the soil had no significant effect on soil temperature and pH value of paddy field,but a large amount of biochar returned to the soil could significantly increase soil temperature by 5.13%-8.79%and pH value by 3.15%-5.96%in the later stage of rice growth.[Conclusions]The straw and biochar returned to the soil could reduce soil bulk density,increase total porosity and aeration porosity,and only a large amount of biochar returned to the soil could significantly increase soil temperature and pH value.展开更多
With the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the tested material, the effects of different nitrogen application amounts and basic tiller fertilizer(BTF)-ear granule fertilizer(EGF) ratios on the yield and nitrogen uti...With the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the tested material, the effects of different nitrogen application amounts and basic tiller fertilizer(BTF)-ear granule fertilizer(EGF) ratios on the yield and nitrogen utilization characteristics of Shennong265 were investigated. The results showed that when the BTF-EGF ratio was 8:2 or 7:3, the yield of Shennong 265 increased with the increased nitrogen application amount; when the BTF-EGF ratio was 6:4, medium nitrogen level was more conducive to improving the yield of Shennong 265; under the condition of same BTF-EGF ratio, with the increased nitrogen application amount, the total nitrogen uptake increased, and the nitrogen physiological efficiency and harvest index decreased. At low and medium nitrogen levels, the higher the proportion of EGF was, the higher the yield, total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery ratio were; at high nitrogen level, the BTF-EGF ratio of 7:3 was more favorable; at the same nitrogen level, the higher the proportion of EGF was, the lower the nitrogen physiological efficiency and harvest index were. Under conditions of nitrogen application level of 255 kg/hm^2 and BTF-EGF ratio of 7:3, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, stems and spikes of Shennong265 was higher in the late growth period. Higher effective panicle number and grain number per panicle led to higher yield(9581.5 kg/hm^2, 2.4%-20.1% higher than those in the other treatment groups) and higher nitrogen use efficiency.展开更多
The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: pan...The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.展开更多
To study the effects of straw utilization methods on dry matter production and yield of japonica rice in northern China,taking the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the test material,using the planting method of see...To study the effects of straw utilization methods on dry matter production and yield of japonica rice in northern China,taking the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the test material,using the planting method of seedling transplanting,setting four treatments,namely,the conventional production,directly returning straws to field(6 t/ha),returning straws to field at low amount of biochar(2 t/ha)and returning straws to field at high amount of biochar(40 t/ha),this paper analyzed the changes in production and yield of super japonica rice Shennong265.According to the experimental results,compared with the conventional production,after the straws were directly returned to the field,the dry matter accumulation of japonica rice was insufficient,and the leaf output rate and contribution rate were significantly reduced by 41.19%and 34.69%,respectively;the number of filled grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,and panicles per plant showed negative effect,leading to a decline in the yield;under the condition of returning straws to field at high amount of biochar,the dry matter accumulation showed a decline trend,both the leaf and stem sheath significantly reduced by 21.41%and 17.43%,and the number of filled grains per panicle also declined;under the condition of returning straws to field at low amount of biochar,the dry matter accumulation increased,and the leaf contribution rate increased by 11.68%,the number of filled grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,and panicles per plant showed positive effect,showing the potential of yield increase.In conclusion,returning suitable straw biochar to field(2 t/ha)is favorable for promoting the japonica rice production in northern China.展开更多
基金Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Liaoning Province(2019-B-237)National Special Project for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-01-51).
文摘[Objectives]In order to explore the feasibility of using straw and biochar returned to the soil to improve soil physical properties and pH value in cold rice regions of China.[Methods]the effects of straw directly returned to the soil and charred straw(biochar)returned to the soil on soil bulk density,porosity,temperature and pH value of cold paddy soil were studied in this paper.[Results]The results showed that compared with conventional production,straw(6 t/ha),a small amount of biochar(2 t/ha)and a large amount of biochar(40 t/ha)returned to the soil reduced paddy soil bulk density at different growth stages by 6.02%-11.86%,2.69%-6.67%and 8.58%-11.32%,respectively,increased total porosity by 7.41%-14.93%,3.19%-8.38%and 9.81%-14.27%,respectively,and increased aeration porosity by 22.28%-192.11%,17.80%-92.11%and 52.44%-157.11%,respectively.Straw and a small amount of biochar returned to the soil had no significant effect on soil temperature and pH value of paddy field,but a large amount of biochar returned to the soil could significantly increase soil temperature by 5.13%-8.79%and pH value by 3.15%-5.96%in the later stage of rice growth.[Conclusions]The straw and biochar returned to the soil could reduce soil bulk density,increase total porosity and aeration porosity,and only a large amount of biochar returned to the soil could significantly increase soil temperature and pH value.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-37)Liaoning Science and Technology Plan Project(2014201004)Rice Industry Innovation Team Construction Project of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Liaoning Province(LNK[2013]271)
文摘With the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the tested material, the effects of different nitrogen application amounts and basic tiller fertilizer(BTF)-ear granule fertilizer(EGF) ratios on the yield and nitrogen utilization characteristics of Shennong265 were investigated. The results showed that when the BTF-EGF ratio was 8:2 or 7:3, the yield of Shennong 265 increased with the increased nitrogen application amount; when the BTF-EGF ratio was 6:4, medium nitrogen level was more conducive to improving the yield of Shennong 265; under the condition of same BTF-EGF ratio, with the increased nitrogen application amount, the total nitrogen uptake increased, and the nitrogen physiological efficiency and harvest index decreased. At low and medium nitrogen levels, the higher the proportion of EGF was, the higher the yield, total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery ratio were; at high nitrogen level, the BTF-EGF ratio of 7:3 was more favorable; at the same nitrogen level, the higher the proportion of EGF was, the lower the nitrogen physiological efficiency and harvest index were. Under conditions of nitrogen application level of 255 kg/hm^2 and BTF-EGF ratio of 7:3, the dry matter accumulation in the leaves, stems and spikes of Shennong265 was higher in the late growth period. Higher effective panicle number and grain number per panicle led to higher yield(9581.5 kg/hm^2, 2.4%-20.1% higher than those in the other treatment groups) and higher nitrogen use efficiency.
基金Supported by National System of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology(CARS-01-37)Rice Innovation Team of Liaoning Province of National System of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology([2013]271)Key Agriculture and Achievements Specialization Planning Program of Liaoning Province(2014020004-101-3)
文摘The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.
基金Supported by China National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFD0300710-A04,2017YFD0100502-4,2018YFD0300305-02)Special Project for Construction of China Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-01-51).
文摘To study the effects of straw utilization methods on dry matter production and yield of japonica rice in northern China,taking the super japonica rice Shennong 265 as the test material,using the planting method of seedling transplanting,setting four treatments,namely,the conventional production,directly returning straws to field(6 t/ha),returning straws to field at low amount of biochar(2 t/ha)and returning straws to field at high amount of biochar(40 t/ha),this paper analyzed the changes in production and yield of super japonica rice Shennong265.According to the experimental results,compared with the conventional production,after the straws were directly returned to the field,the dry matter accumulation of japonica rice was insufficient,and the leaf output rate and contribution rate were significantly reduced by 41.19%and 34.69%,respectively;the number of filled grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,and panicles per plant showed negative effect,leading to a decline in the yield;under the condition of returning straws to field at high amount of biochar,the dry matter accumulation showed a decline trend,both the leaf and stem sheath significantly reduced by 21.41%and 17.43%,and the number of filled grains per panicle also declined;under the condition of returning straws to field at low amount of biochar,the dry matter accumulation increased,and the leaf contribution rate increased by 11.68%,the number of filled grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,and panicles per plant showed positive effect,showing the potential of yield increase.In conclusion,returning suitable straw biochar to field(2 t/ha)is favorable for promoting the japonica rice production in northern China.
