Stripe or yellow rust(YR)and leaf rust(LR)cause large losses in wheat production worldwide.Resistant cultivars curtail the levels of losses.The present study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)for YR and LR...Stripe or yellow rust(YR)and leaf rust(LR)cause large losses in wheat production worldwide.Resistant cultivars curtail the levels of losses.The present study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)for YR and LR resistance in 147 F2:6 recombinant inbred lines(RIL)derived from the cross Fuyu 3/Zhengzhou 5389.The RIL population and parents were genotyped with the Wheat55 K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array and simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers.All materials were also phenotyped for YR severity at Mianyang in Sichuan province and Baoding in Hebei province in the 2015/2016,2016/2017,and 2017/2018 cropping seasons,and LR severity at Zhoukou in Henan province and at Baoding in 2017/2018.Eleven QTL for YR resistance and five for LR resistance were detected using inclusive composite interval mapping(Ici Mapping).Four of these QTL on chromosomes 1 BL,2 BS,3 AL,and 5 AL conferred resistance to both YR and LR.The QTL on 1 BL was Lr46/Yr29,and that on 7 BL might be Lr68.The QTL on chromosome 2 BS was detected at a similar position to previously detected loci.QYr.hebau-3 AL/QLr.hebau-3 AL,QYr.hebau-5 AL/QLr.hebau-5 AL,QYr.hebau-7 DL,QYr.hebau-4 BS,QYr.hebau-6 DL,and QYr.hebau-2 AS are likely to be new.An SSR marker for QYr.hebau-7 DL was developed and validated in a diverse wheat panel from China,suggesting effectiveness in different genetic backgrounds.These QTL with closely linked SNP and SSR markers could be useful for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs targeting durable resistance to both diseases.展开更多
The characteristics of summertime raindrop size distribution(DSD) and associated relations in the semi-arid region over the Inner Mongolian Plateau(IMP) were investigated,utilizing five-year continuous observations by...The characteristics of summertime raindrop size distribution(DSD) and associated relations in the semi-arid region over the Inner Mongolian Plateau(IMP) were investigated,utilizing five-year continuous observations by a PARSIVEL2disdrometer in East Ujimqin County(EUC),China.It is found that only 7.94% of the 15 664 one-min precipitation samples meet classification criteria as convective rain(CR),but its contribution to the total rainfall amount is 63.87%.Notably,40.72% of the rainfall comes from large-sized raindrops(D> 3 mm),despite the fact that large-sized raindrops account for only 1.73% of the CR total number concentration.Further results show that the mean value of mass-weighted mean diameters(Dm) is larger(2.43 mm) and generalized intercepts(lgN_(W)) is lower(3.19) in CR,aligning with a "continentallike" cluster,which is mainly influenced by the joint impact of in-cloud ice-based processes and the below-cloud environmental background.Also,the empirical relationships of shape-slope(μ-Λ),radar reflectivity-rain rate(Z-R),and rainfall kinetic energy(KE_(time)-Rand KE_(time)-Z) are localized.To quantitatively analyze the impact of DSD parameters on kinetic energy estimation,power-law KE_(time)-R and KE_(time)-Z relationships are derived based on the normalized gamma distribution.N_(W)takes precedence over μ in affecting variabilities of multiplicative coefficients,especially for KE_(time)-R relationship where the multiplicative coefficient is proportional to N_(W)^(-0.287).It should be noted that although the proportion of CR occurring throughout the summer is small,raindrops with lower N_(W) and larger Dmwill generate higher KE_(time),which will bring a higher potential risk of soil erosion in semi-arid regions over IMP.展开更多
Based on comprehensive observations of 20 wire icing events during winter from 2019 to 2021,we investigated the characteristics of the icing properties,the atmospheric boundary layer structure,the raindrop size distri...Based on comprehensive observations of 20 wire icing events during winter from 2019 to 2021,we investigated the characteristics of the icing properties,the atmospheric boundary layer structure,the raindrop size distribution,and their associated effects on the ice accretion mechanism in the mountainous region of Southwest China.The maximum ice weight was positively correlated with the duration of ice accretion in the mountainous area.The duration of precipitation accounted for less than 20%of the icing period in the mountainous area,with solid-phase hydrometeors being predominant.Icing events,dominated by freezing rain(FR)and mixed rain–graupel(more than 70%),were characterized by glaze or highdensity mixed icing.The relationship between the melting energy and refreezing energy reflected the distribution characteristics of the proportion of FR under mixed-phase precipitation.The intensity of the warm layer and the dominant precipitation phase significantly affected the variations in the microphysical properties of FR.The melting of large dry snowflakes significantly contributed to FR in the mountainous areas,resulting in smaller generalized intercepts and larger mass-weighted mean diameters in the presence of a stronger warm layer.Under a weaker warm layer,the value of the massweighted mean diameter was significantly smaller because of the inability of large solid particles to melt.Finally,FR in the mountainous area dominated the ice weight during the rapid ice accumulation period.A numerical simulation of FR icing on wires effectively revealed the evolution of disaster-causing icing in mountainous areas.展开更多
Under the current global climate change background,the response of soil heavy metals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau basin to the intensification of climate change is still unclear,leading to the intensification of heavy...Under the current global climate change background,the response of soil heavy metals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau basin to the intensification of climate change is still unclear,leading to the intensification of heavy metal migration in the watershed.We selected cadmium(Cd)in soils of the Taohe River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau as the study object,and established a heavy metal migration simulation model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)to estimate the impact of climate change on Cd migration in the basin.The results indicated that the drought indexes and precipitation were the main determinants of the changes in Cd migration in the basin.The multi–scale drought indexes indicated that the optimal time scale for evaluating the effect of drought on Cd migration in the watershed was 3 months.Higher migration rates were apparent in summer and autumn(wet season)than in winter and spring(dry season).Spring precipitation was significantly and positively correlated with the migration of elemental Cd,and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)3 drought index was significantly and positively correlated with Cd migration in summer,autumn,and winter.For every 5%increase in precipitation,Cd migration rates increased by 3.55%,0.46%,0.15%,and 0.12%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.For every 5%decrease in precipitation,Cd migration rates decreased by 0.11%,0.12%,0.14%,and 0.13%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.The risk of Cd transport in soil continues to increase under future climate change scenarios.展开更多
Objective:To examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS)and its key components in granulomatous mastitis(GM),we explored potential pathological mechanisms through the lens of traditional Chinese medicine(T...Objective:To examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS)and its key components in granulomatous mastitis(GM),we explored potential pathological mechanisms through the lens of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),particularly the concept of intermingled phlegm-blood stasis.Methods:In this retrospective study,we enrolled 172 patients with GM and 164 patients with non-inflammatory benign breast masses.Metabolic indicators(waist circumference[WC],blood lipids,etc.),inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α),and adipose tissue CD68 expression were measured.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy.The correlation between TCM pathogenesis and biomarkers was also examined.Results:MS prevalence was significantly higher in the GM group than in the controls(26.16%vs.6.10%,P<.001).Multivariate analysis identified abdominal obesity(WC≥80 cm,odds ratio[OR]=1.065)and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C;<1.29 mmol/L,OR=0.066)as independent risk factors for GM(P<.001 for both).Among patients with GM,HDL-C levels were inversely correlated with inflammatory markers(r=−0.341 to−0.440),whereas patients with concurrent MS demonstrated greater CD68 macrophage infiltration(P<.001).According to TCM,abdominal obesity corresponds to“spleen deficiency with phlegm-dampness accumulation,”and low HDL-C reflects“deficiency of vital qi,”which collectively lead to phlegm-blood stasis obstruction in the mammary collaterals;this aligns with the key MS driving mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation.Conclusion:MS promotes GM development through chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation,with abdominal obesity and low HDL-C levels serving as core risk factors.The TCM theory of intermingled phlegm-blood stasis provides a novel interpretation of the metabolic-inflammatory mechanisms underlying GM.Accordingly,we propose phlegm-resolving and blood-activating strategies as potential therapeutic approaches for metabolic-immune axis regulation.展开更多
Addressing inadequate OH^(*)adsorption in Ru Co alloy catalysts is crucial for boosting intermediate coverage and redirecting the water-splitting pathway.Herein,the adaptive P sites were strategically incorporated to ...Addressing inadequate OH^(*)adsorption in Ru Co alloy catalysts is crucial for boosting intermediate coverage and redirecting the water-splitting pathway.Herein,the adaptive P sites were strategically incorporated to overcome the aforementioned challenge.The P sites,as potent OH^(*)adsorption centers,synergize with Co sites to promote water dissociation and enrich surrounding Ru sites with H*intermediates,thus triggering the Volmer-Tafel route for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Besides,during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the surface of P-Ru Co was reconstructed into Ru-doped Co OOH with anchored PO_(4)^(3-).These PO_(4)^(3-)not only circumvent the intrinsic OH^(*)adsorption limitations of Ru-Co OOH in the adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)by rerouting to a more expeditious lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)but also improve the coverage of key oxygen-containing intermediates,significantly accelerating OER kinetics.Consequently,the P-Ru Co demonstrates exceptional bifunctional performance,with overpotentials of 29 m V for HER and 222 m V for OER at 10 m A cm^(-2).Remarkably,the mass activities of PRu Co for HER(5.48 A mg^(-1))and OER(2.13 A mg^(-1))are 6.2 and 11.2 times higher than those of its commercial counterparts(Ru/C for HER and RuO_(2)for OER),respectively.When integrated into an anionexchange-membrane electrolyzer,this catalyst achieves ampere-level current densities of 1.32 A cm^(-2)for water electrolysis and 1.23 A cm^(-2)for seawater electrolysis at 2.1 V,with a 500-h durability.展开更多
Computational approaches,encompassing both physics-based and machine learning(ML)methodologies,have gained substantial traction in drug repurposing efforts targeting specific therapeutic entities.The human dopamine(DA...Computational approaches,encompassing both physics-based and machine learning(ML)methodologies,have gained substantial traction in drug repurposing efforts targeting specific therapeutic entities.The human dopamine(DA)transporter(hDAT)is the primary therapeutic target of numerous psychiatric medications.However,traditional hDAT-targeting drugs,which interact with the primary binding site,encounter significant limitations,including addictive potential and stimulant effects.In this study,we propose an integrated workflow combining virtual screening based on weighted holistic atom localization and entity shape(WHALES)descriptors with in vitro experimental validation to repurpose novel hDAT-targeting drugs.Initially,WHALES descriptors facilitated a similarity search,employing four benztropine-like atypical inhibitors known to bind hDAT's allosteric site as templates.Consequently,from a compound library of 4,921 marketed and clinically tested drugs,we identified 27 candidate atypical inhibitors.Subsequently,ADMETlab was employed to predict the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of these candidates,while induced-fit docking(IFD)was performed to estimate their binding affinities.Six compounds were selected for in vitro assessments of neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitory activities.Among these,three exhibited significant inhibitory potency,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values of 0.753μM,0.542μM,and 1.210μM,respectively.Finally,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and end-point binding free energy analyses were conducted to elucidate and confirm the inhibitory mechanisms of the repurposed drugs against hDAT in its inward-open conformation.In conclusion,our study not only identifies promising active compounds as potential atypical inhibitors for novel therapeutic drug development targeting hDAT but also validates the effectiveness of our integrated computational and experimental workflow for drug repurposing.展开更多
Background:Despite growing research on parental technology use and its impacts on adolescent development,the influence of parental smartphone behavior on creativity remains understudied.This study addresses this gap b...Background:Despite growing research on parental technology use and its impacts on adolescent development,the influence of parental smartphone behavior on creativity remains understudied.This study addresses this gap by examining how parental phubbing affects adolescent creativity,exploring both direct and indirect pathways through creative self-efficacy as a mediator and problematic smartphone use(PSU)as a moderator.Methods:A total of 9111 Chinese vocational school adolescents(60.3%male;mean age=16.88 years)were recruited via convenience sampling.Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing creativity,parental phubbing,creative self-efficacy,and PSU.A moderated mediation model was tested using jamovi with bootstrapping procedures(2000 resamples),controlling for gender,age,sibling status,and school type.Results:Creative self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescent creativity(indirect effect=0.061,95%CI[0.013,0.109]),while the direct effect was non-significant.PSU moderated both pathways,revealing contrasting patterns:for adolescents with high PSU,parental phubbing showed positive associations with creative self-efficacy and creativity,whereas among those with low PSU,parental phubbing demonstrated negative associations with both outcomes.Conclusion:This study reveals the complex influence of parental phubbing on adolescent creativity,with effects contingent upon adolescents’own digital engagement patterns.It emphasizes the need to balance guidance and autonomy in fostering creativity.While not endorsing phubbing,the findings challenge simplistic views of technology’s impact and stress the importance of individual differences.The results offer valuable insights for parents,educators,and policymakers supporting youth development in today’s digital family environments.展开更多
The membrane aeration biofilm reactor(MABR)represents an innovative approach to wastewater treatment,integrating gas separation membranes with biofilm process and demonstrating effectiveness in treating wastewater ric...The membrane aeration biofilm reactor(MABR)represents an innovative approach to wastewater treatment,integrating gas separation membranes with biofilm process and demonstrating effectiveness in treating wastewater rich in ammonia nitrogen.In this system,hollow fiber membranes are essential,serving as a substrate for biofilm attachment while facilitating oxygen transfer to microorganisms through aeration,hydrophobic microporous membranes are utilized in MABR applications.This study focuses on the use of poly-4-methyl-1-pentene(PMP)hollow fiber membranes,which exhibit superior oxygen permeation capabilities compared to traditional hydrophobic microporous membranes.To overcome the challenges posed by the hydrophobic nature and low bubble point of PMP microporous membranes,a hydrophilic modification was conducted using dopamine/poly(ethyleneimine)(DOPA/PEI)co-deposition to enhance microbial adhesion on the membrane surface.The composite membrane modified with DOPA/PEI exhibited an approximately 20%higher NH_(4)^(+)-N removal efficiency than the unmodified membrane.These findings suggest that the incorporation of DOPA/PEI significantly improves MABR performance,underscoring its potential for further research and development in membrane technology for MABR.展开更多
The volatility introduced by the integration of renewable energy poses challenges to the reliability of power supply,increasing the demand for energy storage in distribution networks.Shared energy storage in distribut...The volatility introduced by the integration of renewable energy poses challenges to the reliability of power supply,increasing the demand for energy storage in distribution networks.Shared energy storage in distribution networks can participate in energy storage allocation as a provider of reliability ancillary services.This paper proposes a novel Nash bargaining based energy storage coordinated allocation method to fully incentivize shared energy storage to participate in reliability services within the distribution network.First,an analytical reliability assessment model is constructed and embedded into the energy storage allocation model,where the impact of renewable energy uncertainty is described using chance constraints.Considering the interests of both the distribution network and shared energy storage operators,a Nash bargaining based energy storage coordinated allocation and benefit sharing mechanism is established,which is then transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model for efficient solution.Case studies show that the proposed method,through cooperation between the distribution system operator and shared energy storage operators,signif-icantly reduces investment cost of energy storage and ensures a rational distribution of the benefits obtained.展开更多
Li-rich oxides are considered as promising candidate cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity.However,the widespread adoption of Li-rich materials is hindered because of t...Li-rich oxides are considered as promising candidate cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity.However,the widespread adoption of Li-rich materials is hindered because of the lack of a stable surface structure to inhibit interfacial side reactions.In this study,a stable LiF@spinel dual shell was constructed on the surface of Li-rich materials,in which spinel is formed by in situ surface recon-struction,and LiF is bonded to the spinel through the Ni–F bond.The spinel serves as a buffer layer between the LiF coating and the Li-rich oxide,providing a three-dimensional Li-ion diffusion channel to improve the Li-ion diffusion coefficient,while the outer LiF plays a critical role in isolating the cathode from the electrolyte.Under the abovementioned dual effect,the interfacial side reactions of Li-rich materials are inhibited,thereby improving their cycle stability.The obtained LiF@spinel-coated Li-rich cathode exhibits an enhanced capacity retention of 81.5%after 150 cycles at a current density of 2 C,which is better than the pristine Li-rich sample(63.2%).These findings indicate that the construction of the LiF@spinel dual shell is a successful strategy for the modification of Li-rich materials.展开更多
A 40 Gb/s high speed optical transmission system is designed, and the different dispersion compensation schemes are adopted to realize the transmission of the optical duo-binary (ODB) signals over 120 km optical fiber...A 40 Gb/s high speed optical transmission system is designed, and the different dispersion compensation schemes are adopted to realize the transmission of the optical duo-binary (ODB) signals over 120 km optical fiber. Optical duo-binary signals are generated by using a precoder, two low- pass filters (LPF) and one mach-zehnder modulator (MZM). Through combination of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and single mode fiber (SMF) in the transmission link, four different dispersion compensation schemes (pre-compensation, post-compensation and hybrid compensation (pre+ post) and hybrid compensation (post+ pre)) were compared. Analyzing Q factor, BER, eye diagrams and receiver sensitivity in several dispersion compensation schemes, the simulation results are: the cut-off frequency of LPF affects the transmission performance, and the hybrid compensation (post+ pre) scheme is the optimal dispersion compensation method.展开更多
In this article, the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) performance of 8 quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (8QAM-OFDM) optical signals has been researched in broadband optical ...In this article, the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) performance of 8 quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (8QAM-OFDM) optical signals has been researched in broadband optical access system. The complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) are analyzed of two different 8QAM-OFDMsignals with 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 sub- carriers by simulation. The simulation results show that, with the increase of the number of subcarrier, the PAPR value becomes higher. When the numbers of subcarrier are16 and 512, the PAPR of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals are smaller than 5.2 dB and 5.3 dB respectively. Hence, the number of sub-carriers should be chosen according to practical application.展开更多
Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is one of the most promising access methods. But, the different weather conditions will affect the transceiver performance. In this paper, we build a FSO communication system wit...Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is one of the most promising access methods. But, the different weather conditions will affect the transceiver performance. In this paper, we build a FSO communication system with 16-ary phase shift key-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16PSK-OFDM) downstream signals. We analyze the transmission performance of 16PSK-OFDM optical signals under five different weather conditions (sunny, light rain, moderate rain, snow, and fog). The optical spectral diagrams, constellation diagrams, and bit error rate (BER) of the received signals are simulation measured and analyzed. The results show that the constellation diagram under sunny condition is clear, and the value of BER is about 10?4.2 after 16PSK-OFDM optical signals pass through 500 m FSO link. Note that, the constellation points are dispersed under the other weather conditions.展开更多
In this paper, the downstream transmission performance of two types of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals in broadband optical access system has been analyzed. After modulation and coding, two types of 10 Gbit/s 8QAM-OFDM opti...In this paper, the downstream transmission performance of two types of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals in broadband optical access system has been analyzed. After modulation and coding, two types of 10 Gbit/s 8QAM-OFDM optical access signals are downstream transmitted over 1 km, 10 km, 20 km and 40 km single mode fibers (SMFs) and received successfully. Different transmission distances impact on the bit error rate (BER) of the received signal is analyzed by simulation, while the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 20 dB. The results show that, while the transmission distance is shorter than 10 km, the BER values of two types of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals are smaller than 10?10. As the above optical access signals are transmitted over 40 km SMF, the BER value of the first type of 8QAM-OFDM signals is bigger than 10?6, and the BER of the other type of 8QAM-OFDM signals is smaller than 10?6.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31361140367,31571662,31601299)。
文摘Stripe or yellow rust(YR)and leaf rust(LR)cause large losses in wheat production worldwide.Resistant cultivars curtail the levels of losses.The present study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL)for YR and LR resistance in 147 F2:6 recombinant inbred lines(RIL)derived from the cross Fuyu 3/Zhengzhou 5389.The RIL population and parents were genotyped with the Wheat55 K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array and simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers.All materials were also phenotyped for YR severity at Mianyang in Sichuan province and Baoding in Hebei province in the 2015/2016,2016/2017,and 2017/2018 cropping seasons,and LR severity at Zhoukou in Henan province and at Baoding in 2017/2018.Eleven QTL for YR resistance and five for LR resistance were detected using inclusive composite interval mapping(Ici Mapping).Four of these QTL on chromosomes 1 BL,2 BS,3 AL,and 5 AL conferred resistance to both YR and LR.The QTL on 1 BL was Lr46/Yr29,and that on 7 BL might be Lr68.The QTL on chromosome 2 BS was detected at a similar position to previously detected loci.QYr.hebau-3 AL/QLr.hebau-3 AL,QYr.hebau-5 AL/QLr.hebau-5 AL,QYr.hebau-7 DL,QYr.hebau-4 BS,QYr.hebau-6 DL,and QYr.hebau-2 AS are likely to be new.An SSR marker for QYr.hebau-7 DL was developed and validated in a diverse wheat panel from China,suggesting effectiveness in different genetic backgrounds.These QTL with closely linked SNP and SSR markers could be useful for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs targeting durable resistance to both diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42325503,42075063,42075066,and 42021004)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and the Meteorological Innovation and Development Project of China(Grant No.2023AFD096)the Beijige Foundation of NJIAS(Grant No.BJG202304).
文摘The characteristics of summertime raindrop size distribution(DSD) and associated relations in the semi-arid region over the Inner Mongolian Plateau(IMP) were investigated,utilizing five-year continuous observations by a PARSIVEL2disdrometer in East Ujimqin County(EUC),China.It is found that only 7.94% of the 15 664 one-min precipitation samples meet classification criteria as convective rain(CR),but its contribution to the total rainfall amount is 63.87%.Notably,40.72% of the rainfall comes from large-sized raindrops(D> 3 mm),despite the fact that large-sized raindrops account for only 1.73% of the CR total number concentration.Further results show that the mean value of mass-weighted mean diameters(Dm) is larger(2.43 mm) and generalized intercepts(lgN_(W)) is lower(3.19) in CR,aligning with a "continentallike" cluster,which is mainly influenced by the joint impact of in-cloud ice-based processes and the below-cloud environmental background.Also,the empirical relationships of shape-slope(μ-Λ),radar reflectivity-rain rate(Z-R),and rainfall kinetic energy(KE_(time)-Rand KE_(time)-Z) are localized.To quantitatively analyze the impact of DSD parameters on kinetic energy estimation,power-law KE_(time)-R and KE_(time)-Z relationships are derived based on the normalized gamma distribution.N_(W)takes precedence over μ in affecting variabilities of multiplicative coefficients,especially for KE_(time)-R relationship where the multiplicative coefficient is proportional to N_(W)^(-0.287).It should be noted that although the proportion of CR occurring throughout the summer is small,raindrops with lower N_(W) and larger Dmwill generate higher KE_(time),which will bring a higher potential risk of soil erosion in semi-arid regions over IMP.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42325503)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and the Meteorological Innovation and Development Project of China(Grant Nos.2023AFD096 and 2022CFD122)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan(Grant No.2024020901030454)the Beijige Foundation of NJIAS(Grant No.BJG202304)。
文摘Based on comprehensive observations of 20 wire icing events during winter from 2019 to 2021,we investigated the characteristics of the icing properties,the atmospheric boundary layer structure,the raindrop size distribution,and their associated effects on the ice accretion mechanism in the mountainous region of Southwest China.The maximum ice weight was positively correlated with the duration of ice accretion in the mountainous area.The duration of precipitation accounted for less than 20%of the icing period in the mountainous area,with solid-phase hydrometeors being predominant.Icing events,dominated by freezing rain(FR)and mixed rain–graupel(more than 70%),were characterized by glaze or highdensity mixed icing.The relationship between the melting energy and refreezing energy reflected the distribution characteristics of the proportion of FR under mixed-phase precipitation.The intensity of the warm layer and the dominant precipitation phase significantly affected the variations in the microphysical properties of FR.The melting of large dry snowflakes significantly contributed to FR in the mountainous areas,resulting in smaller generalized intercepts and larger mass-weighted mean diameters in the presence of a stronger warm layer.Under a weaker warm layer,the value of the massweighted mean diameter was significantly smaller because of the inability of large solid particles to melt.Finally,FR in the mountainous area dominated the ice weight during the rapid ice accumulation period.A numerical simulation of FR icing on wires effectively revealed the evolution of disaster-causing icing in mountainous areas.
基金supported by Gansu Provincial Youth Science and Technology Fund Program(No.21JR7RA701)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0605).
文摘Under the current global climate change background,the response of soil heavy metals in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau basin to the intensification of climate change is still unclear,leading to the intensification of heavy metal migration in the watershed.We selected cadmium(Cd)in soils of the Taohe River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau as the study object,and established a heavy metal migration simulation model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)to estimate the impact of climate change on Cd migration in the basin.The results indicated that the drought indexes and precipitation were the main determinants of the changes in Cd migration in the basin.The multi–scale drought indexes indicated that the optimal time scale for evaluating the effect of drought on Cd migration in the watershed was 3 months.Higher migration rates were apparent in summer and autumn(wet season)than in winter and spring(dry season).Spring precipitation was significantly and positively correlated with the migration of elemental Cd,and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)3 drought index was significantly and positively correlated with Cd migration in summer,autumn,and winter.For every 5%increase in precipitation,Cd migration rates increased by 3.55%,0.46%,0.15%,and 0.12%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.For every 5%decrease in precipitation,Cd migration rates decreased by 0.11%,0.12%,0.14%,and 0.13%in spring,summer,autumn,and winter,respectively.The risk of Cd transport in soil continues to increase under future climate change scenarios.
基金supported by the Major Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center(SHDC2020CR2051B)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Shanghai“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”(23ZR1463800)Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine“Visiting Leading Universities and Mentorship by Masters”Talent Development Program(HR018).
文摘Objective:To examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS)and its key components in granulomatous mastitis(GM),we explored potential pathological mechanisms through the lens of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),particularly the concept of intermingled phlegm-blood stasis.Methods:In this retrospective study,we enrolled 172 patients with GM and 164 patients with non-inflammatory benign breast masses.Metabolic indicators(waist circumference[WC],blood lipids,etc.),inflammatory markers(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α),and adipose tissue CD68 expression were measured.Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy.The correlation between TCM pathogenesis and biomarkers was also examined.Results:MS prevalence was significantly higher in the GM group than in the controls(26.16%vs.6.10%,P<.001).Multivariate analysis identified abdominal obesity(WC≥80 cm,odds ratio[OR]=1.065)and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C;<1.29 mmol/L,OR=0.066)as independent risk factors for GM(P<.001 for both).Among patients with GM,HDL-C levels were inversely correlated with inflammatory markers(r=−0.341 to−0.440),whereas patients with concurrent MS demonstrated greater CD68 macrophage infiltration(P<.001).According to TCM,abdominal obesity corresponds to“spleen deficiency with phlegm-dampness accumulation,”and low HDL-C reflects“deficiency of vital qi,”which collectively lead to phlegm-blood stasis obstruction in the mammary collaterals;this aligns with the key MS driving mechanisms of chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation.Conclusion:MS promotes GM development through chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation,with abdominal obesity and low HDL-C levels serving as core risk factors.The TCM theory of intermingled phlegm-blood stasis provides a novel interpretation of the metabolic-inflammatory mechanisms underlying GM.Accordingly,we propose phlegm-resolving and blood-activating strategies as potential therapeutic approaches for metabolic-immune axis regulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301279 and 51901115)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2023MB122 and ZR2019PEM001)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team of Universities in Shandong Province(2024KJH067)the Innovation fund project for graduate student of China University of Petroleum(East China)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.23CX04010A)。
文摘Addressing inadequate OH^(*)adsorption in Ru Co alloy catalysts is crucial for boosting intermediate coverage and redirecting the water-splitting pathway.Herein,the adaptive P sites were strategically incorporated to overcome the aforementioned challenge.The P sites,as potent OH^(*)adsorption centers,synergize with Co sites to promote water dissociation and enrich surrounding Ru sites with H*intermediates,thus triggering the Volmer-Tafel route for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Besides,during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),the surface of P-Ru Co was reconstructed into Ru-doped Co OOH with anchored PO_(4)^(3-).These PO_(4)^(3-)not only circumvent the intrinsic OH^(*)adsorption limitations of Ru-Co OOH in the adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)by rerouting to a more expeditious lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism(LOM)but also improve the coverage of key oxygen-containing intermediates,significantly accelerating OER kinetics.Consequently,the P-Ru Co demonstrates exceptional bifunctional performance,with overpotentials of 29 m V for HER and 222 m V for OER at 10 m A cm^(-2).Remarkably,the mass activities of PRu Co for HER(5.48 A mg^(-1))and OER(2.13 A mg^(-1))are 6.2 and 11.2 times higher than those of its commercial counterparts(Ru/C for HER and RuO_(2)for OER),respectively.When integrated into an anionexchange-membrane electrolyzer,this catalyst achieves ampere-level current densities of 1.32 A cm^(-2)for water electrolysis and 1.23 A cm^(-2)for seawater electrolysis at 2.1 V,with a 500-h durability.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:21505009)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(Grant No.:2023NSCQ-MSX0140)the Open Project of Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.:230012-01SZ).
文摘Computational approaches,encompassing both physics-based and machine learning(ML)methodologies,have gained substantial traction in drug repurposing efforts targeting specific therapeutic entities.The human dopamine(DA)transporter(hDAT)is the primary therapeutic target of numerous psychiatric medications.However,traditional hDAT-targeting drugs,which interact with the primary binding site,encounter significant limitations,including addictive potential and stimulant effects.In this study,we propose an integrated workflow combining virtual screening based on weighted holistic atom localization and entity shape(WHALES)descriptors with in vitro experimental validation to repurpose novel hDAT-targeting drugs.Initially,WHALES descriptors facilitated a similarity search,employing four benztropine-like atypical inhibitors known to bind hDAT's allosteric site as templates.Consequently,from a compound library of 4,921 marketed and clinically tested drugs,we identified 27 candidate atypical inhibitors.Subsequently,ADMETlab was employed to predict the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of these candidates,while induced-fit docking(IFD)was performed to estimate their binding affinities.Six compounds were selected for in vitro assessments of neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitory activities.Among these,three exhibited significant inhibitory potency,with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))values of 0.753μM,0.542μM,and 1.210μM,respectively.Finally,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and end-point binding free energy analyses were conducted to elucidate and confirm the inhibitory mechanisms of the repurposed drugs against hDAT in its inward-open conformation.In conclusion,our study not only identifies promising active compounds as potential atypical inhibitors for novel therapeutic drug development targeting hDAT but also validates the effectiveness of our integrated computational and experimental workflow for drug repurposing.
基金supported by a special grant from the Taishan Scholars Project(Project No.tsqn202211130).
文摘Background:Despite growing research on parental technology use and its impacts on adolescent development,the influence of parental smartphone behavior on creativity remains understudied.This study addresses this gap by examining how parental phubbing affects adolescent creativity,exploring both direct and indirect pathways through creative self-efficacy as a mediator and problematic smartphone use(PSU)as a moderator.Methods:A total of 9111 Chinese vocational school adolescents(60.3%male;mean age=16.88 years)were recruited via convenience sampling.Participants completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing creativity,parental phubbing,creative self-efficacy,and PSU.A moderated mediation model was tested using jamovi with bootstrapping procedures(2000 resamples),controlling for gender,age,sibling status,and school type.Results:Creative self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescent creativity(indirect effect=0.061,95%CI[0.013,0.109]),while the direct effect was non-significant.PSU moderated both pathways,revealing contrasting patterns:for adolescents with high PSU,parental phubbing showed positive associations with creative self-efficacy and creativity,whereas among those with low PSU,parental phubbing demonstrated negative associations with both outcomes.Conclusion:This study reveals the complex influence of parental phubbing on adolescent creativity,with effects contingent upon adolescents’own digital engagement patterns.It emphasizes the need to balance guidance and autonomy in fostering creativity.While not endorsing phubbing,the findings challenge simplistic views of technology’s impact and stress the importance of individual differences.The results offer valuable insights for parents,educators,and policymakers supporting youth development in today’s digital family environments.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3810502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078146)the Key Research and Development program of Anhui Province(2023h11020004).
文摘The membrane aeration biofilm reactor(MABR)represents an innovative approach to wastewater treatment,integrating gas separation membranes with biofilm process and demonstrating effectiveness in treating wastewater rich in ammonia nitrogen.In this system,hollow fiber membranes are essential,serving as a substrate for biofilm attachment while facilitating oxygen transfer to microorganisms through aeration,hydrophobic microporous membranes are utilized in MABR applications.This study focuses on the use of poly-4-methyl-1-pentene(PMP)hollow fiber membranes,which exhibit superior oxygen permeation capabilities compared to traditional hydrophobic microporous membranes.To overcome the challenges posed by the hydrophobic nature and low bubble point of PMP microporous membranes,a hydrophilic modification was conducted using dopamine/poly(ethyleneimine)(DOPA/PEI)co-deposition to enhance microbial adhesion on the membrane surface.The composite membrane modified with DOPA/PEI exhibited an approximately 20%higher NH_(4)^(+)-N removal efficiency than the unmodified membrane.These findings suggest that the incorporation of DOPA/PEI significantly improves MABR performance,underscoring its potential for further research and development in membrane technology for MABR.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant.U24B6009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L243003).
文摘The volatility introduced by the integration of renewable energy poses challenges to the reliability of power supply,increasing the demand for energy storage in distribution networks.Shared energy storage in distribution networks can participate in energy storage allocation as a provider of reliability ancillary services.This paper proposes a novel Nash bargaining based energy storage coordinated allocation method to fully incentivize shared energy storage to participate in reliability services within the distribution network.First,an analytical reliability assessment model is constructed and embedded into the energy storage allocation model,where the impact of renewable energy uncertainty is described using chance constraints.Considering the interests of both the distribution network and shared energy storage operators,a Nash bargaining based energy storage coordinated allocation and benefit sharing mechanism is established,which is then transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)model for efficient solution.Case studies show that the proposed method,through cooperation between the distribution system operator and shared energy storage operators,signif-icantly reduces investment cost of energy storage and ensures a rational distribution of the benefits obtained.
基金funded by Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Grant No.ZD2022042)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Hebei University(Grant No.DXK202315)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.52104304 and 51902081)Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Project of Hebei Province(Grant No.246Z4409G)the Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University(Grant No.IT2023B07).
文摘Li-rich oxides are considered as promising candidate cathode materials for high-energy Li-ion batteries due to their high specific capacity.However,the widespread adoption of Li-rich materials is hindered because of the lack of a stable surface structure to inhibit interfacial side reactions.In this study,a stable LiF@spinel dual shell was constructed on the surface of Li-rich materials,in which spinel is formed by in situ surface recon-struction,and LiF is bonded to the spinel through the Ni–F bond.The spinel serves as a buffer layer between the LiF coating and the Li-rich oxide,providing a three-dimensional Li-ion diffusion channel to improve the Li-ion diffusion coefficient,while the outer LiF plays a critical role in isolating the cathode from the electrolyte.Under the abovementioned dual effect,the interfacial side reactions of Li-rich materials are inhibited,thereby improving their cycle stability.The obtained LiF@spinel-coated Li-rich cathode exhibits an enhanced capacity retention of 81.5%after 150 cycles at a current density of 2 C,which is better than the pristine Li-rich sample(63.2%).These findings indicate that the construction of the LiF@spinel dual shell is a successful strategy for the modification of Li-rich materials.
文摘A 40 Gb/s high speed optical transmission system is designed, and the different dispersion compensation schemes are adopted to realize the transmission of the optical duo-binary (ODB) signals over 120 km optical fiber. Optical duo-binary signals are generated by using a precoder, two low- pass filters (LPF) and one mach-zehnder modulator (MZM). Through combination of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and single mode fiber (SMF) in the transmission link, four different dispersion compensation schemes (pre-compensation, post-compensation and hybrid compensation (pre+ post) and hybrid compensation (post+ pre)) were compared. Analyzing Q factor, BER, eye diagrams and receiver sensitivity in several dispersion compensation schemes, the simulation results are: the cut-off frequency of LPF affects the transmission performance, and the hybrid compensation (post+ pre) scheme is the optimal dispersion compensation method.
文摘In this article, the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) performance of 8 quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (8QAM-OFDM) optical signals has been researched in broadband optical access system. The complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) are analyzed of two different 8QAM-OFDMsignals with 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 sub- carriers by simulation. The simulation results show that, with the increase of the number of subcarrier, the PAPR value becomes higher. When the numbers of subcarrier are16 and 512, the PAPR of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals are smaller than 5.2 dB and 5.3 dB respectively. Hence, the number of sub-carriers should be chosen according to practical application.
文摘Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is one of the most promising access methods. But, the different weather conditions will affect the transceiver performance. In this paper, we build a FSO communication system with 16-ary phase shift key-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (16PSK-OFDM) downstream signals. We analyze the transmission performance of 16PSK-OFDM optical signals under five different weather conditions (sunny, light rain, moderate rain, snow, and fog). The optical spectral diagrams, constellation diagrams, and bit error rate (BER) of the received signals are simulation measured and analyzed. The results show that the constellation diagram under sunny condition is clear, and the value of BER is about 10?4.2 after 16PSK-OFDM optical signals pass through 500 m FSO link. Note that, the constellation points are dispersed under the other weather conditions.
文摘In this paper, the downstream transmission performance of two types of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals in broadband optical access system has been analyzed. After modulation and coding, two types of 10 Gbit/s 8QAM-OFDM optical access signals are downstream transmitted over 1 km, 10 km, 20 km and 40 km single mode fibers (SMFs) and received successfully. Different transmission distances impact on the bit error rate (BER) of the received signal is analyzed by simulation, while the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 20 dB. The results show that, while the transmission distance is shorter than 10 km, the BER values of two types of 8QAM-OFDM optical signals are smaller than 10?10. As the above optical access signals are transmitted over 40 km SMF, the BER value of the first type of 8QAM-OFDM signals is bigger than 10?6, and the BER of the other type of 8QAM-OFDM signals is smaller than 10?6.
