Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing m...Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.展开更多
Deforestation has a significant influence on the hydrological cycle.Understanding the impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes is crucial for addressing global environmental challenges.This study investigates...Deforestation has a significant influence on the hydrological cycle.Understanding the impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes is crucial for addressing global environmental challenges.This study investigates the impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes(R95p index,which represents the total amount of precipitation exceeding the 95th percentile of the reference period)in China,using outputs from three earth system models(CanESM5,IPSL-CM6A-LR,and MIROC-ES2L).All models,along with their multimodel mean,indicate a general decrease in R95p in Northeast China and southern China,and changes in Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau are minimal.In contrast,the responses are model-dependent in the Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions.The overall nationwide multimodel mean suggests an annual R95p decrease of 10.7 mm,with individual model variations ranging from-28.0 to 2.0 mm.Further analysis using precipitation extremes scaling reveals a high spatial correlation with direct precipitation extremes changes on both annual and seasonal scales,albeit with slightly smaller magnitudes.Decomposing the response into dynamic and thermodynamic scaling,the authors find that dynamic contributions predominantly drive the changes in precipitation extremes on both annual and seasonal scales.The authors findings highlight the substantial role of dynamic processes in modulating the response of precipitation extremes to deforestation in China.展开更多
In the present work, anisotropic Nd2 Fe14 B/Sm2 Co17 hybrid-bonded magnets were prepared with different Nd-Fe-B contents. It is found that the particle distributions and ratios between the two magnetic phases have imp...In the present work, anisotropic Nd2 Fe14 B/Sm2 Co17 hybrid-bonded magnets were prepared with different Nd-Fe-B contents. It is found that the particle distributions and ratios between the two magnetic phases have important roles in the magnetic properties, microstructures and thermal stability of the magnets. With increase of Nd-Fe-B content, the saturation magnetization of the anisotropic hybrid magnet increases significantly, however, coercivity decreases, and the demagnetization curves show magnetically single-phase behavior. The anisotropic Nd2 Fe14 B/Sm2 Co17 hybrid-bonded magnets exhibit a maximum energy product and remanence of 14.15 MGOe and 99.53 A·m2/kg, respectively, when the NdFe-B content is 70 wt% at room temperature. Furthermore, the hybrid magnets also have better thermal stability at elevated temperatures due to the interaction between the two magnetic particles.展开更多
Breast cancer(BC)often spreads to bones,leading to bone metastasis(BM).Current targeted therapies have limited effectiveness in the treatment of this condition.Osteoclasts,which contribute to bone destruction,are cruc...Breast cancer(BC)often spreads to bones,leading to bone metastasis(BM).Current targeted therapies have limited effectiveness in the treatment of this condition.Osteoclasts,which contribute to bone destruction,are crucial in supporting tumor cell growth in the bones.Breast cancer bone metastasis(BCBM)treatments have limited efficacy and can cause adverse effects.Ononin exhibits anticancer properties against various cancers.The study examined the impact of ononin on the BCBM and the signaling pathways involved.Our study utilized a variety of experimental techniques,including cell viability assays,colony formation assays,wound-healing assays,Transwell migration assays,Western blot analysis,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining.We examined the effects of ononin on osteoclastogenesis induced in MDA-MB-231 conditioned medium-and RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells.In a mouse model of BCBM,ononin reduced tumor-induced bone destruction.Ononin treatment effectively inhibited proliferation and colony formation and reduced the metastatic capabilities of MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing cell adhesion,invasiveness,and motility and reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers.Ononin markedly suppressed osteoclast formation and osteolysis-associated factors in MDA-MB-231 cells,as well as blocked the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.Ononin treatment down-regulated the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways,as confirmed using MAPK agonists or inhibitors.Ononin treatment had no adverse effects on the organ function.Our findings suggest that ononin has therapeutic potential as a BCBM treatment by targeting the MAPK pathway.展开更多
Against the backdrop of innovation driven by interdisciplinarity,universities with industry characteristics face issues in cultivating management talents,like the lack of top-level design in the interdisciplinary mech...Against the backdrop of innovation driven by interdisciplinarity,universities with industry characteristics face issues in cultivating management talents,like the lack of top-level design in the interdisciplinary mechanism,the disconnection between talent cultivation and industry practice,and the tendency of subject resource allocation towards traditional advantageous disciplines.Taking Beihang University as a typical case,this paper finds through research that Beihang University locates research questions by means of“problem-oriented,methodological intersection,and ability expansion”,shattering disciplinary barriers.Relying on the dual college system cultivation system,diversified academic platforms,and the design of interdisciplinary curriculum modules,it facilitates knowledge and method sharing,and joint talent cultivation.With the help of transnational and cross-regional cooperation as well as the joint cultivation between universities and enterprises,it constructs a cultivation path for composite talents.The research suggests that universities with industry characteristics need to anchor their research directions according to national strategic needs,and promote organizational restructuring,joint cultivation,and the optimization of the academic ecosystem through top-level institutional design.The practical experience of Beihang University provides an experience reference for universities with industry characteristics to solve the dilemma of cultivating top-notch innovative management talents under the background of interdisciplinarity.展开更多
The spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body,known as metastasis,is the leading cause of cancer recurrence and mortality in patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Ove...The spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body,known as metastasis,is the leading cause of cancer recurrence and mortality in patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is observed in approximately 70%of TNBC patients.EGFR is crucial for promoting tumor metastasis and associated with poor prognosis.Therefore,it is vital to identify effective therapeutic strategies targeting EGFR inhibition.Ononin,an isoflavonoid found in various plants,such as clover and soybeans,has been shown to have anticancer properties in several cancers.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the effects of ononin on TNBC lung metastasis and the associated molecular pathways.We used various assays,including cell viability,colony formation,Transwell,wound healing,ELISA,Western blotting,and staining techniques,to achieve this objective.The results demonstrated that ononin effectively suppressed cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis,as evidenced by the cell viability assay,colony formation assay,and expression of apoptosis markers,and reduced the metastatic capabilities of TNBC cells.These effects were achieved through the direct suppression of cell adhesion,invasiveness and motility.Furthermore,in TNBC xenograft lung metastatic models,ononin treatment significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis.Additionally,ononin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)by downregulating the expression of EMT markers and matrix metalloproteinases,as confirmed by Western blot analysis.Furthermore,ononin treatment reduced EGFR phosphorylation and suppressed the PI3K,Akt,and m TOR signaling pathways,which was further confirmed using EGFR agonists or inhibitors.Importantly,ononin treatment did not exert any toxic effects on liver or kidney function.In conclusion,our findings suggest that ononin is a safe and potentially therapeutic treatment for TNBC metastasis that targets the EGFRmediated PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway.Further studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and explore its potential clinical applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42305041)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (Grant No.2020CFB331)supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility” (Earth Lab)。
文摘Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42305041].
文摘Deforestation has a significant influence on the hydrological cycle.Understanding the impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes is crucial for addressing global environmental challenges.This study investigates the impact of deforestation on precipitation extremes(R95p index,which represents the total amount of precipitation exceeding the 95th percentile of the reference period)in China,using outputs from three earth system models(CanESM5,IPSL-CM6A-LR,and MIROC-ES2L).All models,along with their multimodel mean,indicate a general decrease in R95p in Northeast China and southern China,and changes in Northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau are minimal.In contrast,the responses are model-dependent in the Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions.The overall nationwide multimodel mean suggests an annual R95p decrease of 10.7 mm,with individual model variations ranging from-28.0 to 2.0 mm.Further analysis using precipitation extremes scaling reveals a high spatial correlation with direct precipitation extremes changes on both annual and seasonal scales,albeit with slightly smaller magnitudes.Decomposing the response into dynamic and thermodynamic scaling,the authors find that dynamic contributions predominantly drive the changes in precipitation extremes on both annual and seasonal scales.The authors findings highlight the substantial role of dynamic processes in modulating the response of precipitation extremes to deforestation in China.
基金Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0115202)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-M201801501)+2 种基金Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(cstc2015jcyjA50004,cstc2016jcyjA0232)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJ1709202)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chongqing University of Science&Technology(YKJCX1820202)
文摘In the present work, anisotropic Nd2 Fe14 B/Sm2 Co17 hybrid-bonded magnets were prepared with different Nd-Fe-B contents. It is found that the particle distributions and ratios between the two magnetic phases have important roles in the magnetic properties, microstructures and thermal stability of the magnets. With increase of Nd-Fe-B content, the saturation magnetization of the anisotropic hybrid magnet increases significantly, however, coercivity decreases, and the demagnetization curves show magnetically single-phase behavior. The anisotropic Nd2 Fe14 B/Sm2 Co17 hybrid-bonded magnets exhibit a maximum energy product and remanence of 14.15 MGOe and 99.53 A·m2/kg, respectively, when the NdFe-B content is 70 wt% at room temperature. Furthermore, the hybrid magnets also have better thermal stability at elevated temperatures due to the interaction between the two magnetic particles.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China[grant number 2020CFB331]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number2018YFA0605602]the Strategic Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA19070402]。
基金supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Key Research and Development Program(no.AB16450012).
文摘Breast cancer(BC)often spreads to bones,leading to bone metastasis(BM).Current targeted therapies have limited effectiveness in the treatment of this condition.Osteoclasts,which contribute to bone destruction,are crucial in supporting tumor cell growth in the bones.Breast cancer bone metastasis(BCBM)treatments have limited efficacy and can cause adverse effects.Ononin exhibits anticancer properties against various cancers.The study examined the impact of ononin on the BCBM and the signaling pathways involved.Our study utilized a variety of experimental techniques,including cell viability assays,colony formation assays,wound-healing assays,Transwell migration assays,Western blot analysis,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining.We examined the effects of ononin on osteoclastogenesis induced in MDA-MB-231 conditioned medium-and RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells.In a mouse model of BCBM,ononin reduced tumor-induced bone destruction.Ononin treatment effectively inhibited proliferation and colony formation and reduced the metastatic capabilities of MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing cell adhesion,invasiveness,and motility and reversing epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers.Ononin markedly suppressed osteoclast formation and osteolysis-associated factors in MDA-MB-231 cells,as well as blocked the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.Ononin treatment down-regulated the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathways,as confirmed using MAPK agonists or inhibitors.Ononin treatment had no adverse effects on the organ function.Our findings suggest that ononin has therapeutic potential as a BCBM treatment by targeting the MAPK pathway.
文摘Against the backdrop of innovation driven by interdisciplinarity,universities with industry characteristics face issues in cultivating management talents,like the lack of top-level design in the interdisciplinary mechanism,the disconnection between talent cultivation and industry practice,and the tendency of subject resource allocation towards traditional advantageous disciplines.Taking Beihang University as a typical case,this paper finds through research that Beihang University locates research questions by means of“problem-oriented,methodological intersection,and ability expansion”,shattering disciplinary barriers.Relying on the dual college system cultivation system,diversified academic platforms,and the design of interdisciplinary curriculum modules,it facilitates knowledge and method sharing,and joint talent cultivation.With the help of transnational and cross-regional cooperation as well as the joint cultivation between universities and enterprises,it constructs a cultivation path for composite talents.The research suggests that universities with industry characteristics need to anchor their research directions according to national strategic needs,and promote organizational restructuring,joint cultivation,and the optimization of the academic ecosystem through top-level institutional design.The practical experience of Beihang University provides an experience reference for universities with industry characteristics to solve the dilemma of cultivating top-notch innovative management talents under the background of interdisciplinarity.
基金supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Key Research and Development Program(AB16450012)。
文摘The spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body,known as metastasis,is the leading cause of cancer recurrence and mortality in patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is observed in approximately 70%of TNBC patients.EGFR is crucial for promoting tumor metastasis and associated with poor prognosis.Therefore,it is vital to identify effective therapeutic strategies targeting EGFR inhibition.Ononin,an isoflavonoid found in various plants,such as clover and soybeans,has been shown to have anticancer properties in several cancers.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the effects of ononin on TNBC lung metastasis and the associated molecular pathways.We used various assays,including cell viability,colony formation,Transwell,wound healing,ELISA,Western blotting,and staining techniques,to achieve this objective.The results demonstrated that ononin effectively suppressed cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis,as evidenced by the cell viability assay,colony formation assay,and expression of apoptosis markers,and reduced the metastatic capabilities of TNBC cells.These effects were achieved through the direct suppression of cell adhesion,invasiveness and motility.Furthermore,in TNBC xenograft lung metastatic models,ononin treatment significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis.Additionally,ononin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)by downregulating the expression of EMT markers and matrix metalloproteinases,as confirmed by Western blot analysis.Furthermore,ononin treatment reduced EGFR phosphorylation and suppressed the PI3K,Akt,and m TOR signaling pathways,which was further confirmed using EGFR agonists or inhibitors.Importantly,ononin treatment did not exert any toxic effects on liver or kidney function.In conclusion,our findings suggest that ononin is a safe and potentially therapeutic treatment for TNBC metastasis that targets the EGFRmediated PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway.Further studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and explore its potential clinical applications.
