To thoroughly understand the dynamic mechanism of hydrocarbon expulsion from deep source rocks,in this study,five types of hydrocarbon expulsion dynamics(thermal expansion,hydrocarbon diffusion,compaction,product volu...To thoroughly understand the dynamic mechanism of hydrocarbon expulsion from deep source rocks,in this study,five types of hydrocarbon expulsion dynamics(thermal expansion,hydrocarbon diffusion,compaction,product volume expansion,and capillary pressure difference(CPD))are studied.A model is proposed herein to evaluate the relative contribution of different dynamics for hydrocarbon expulsion using the principle of mass balance,and the model has been applied to the Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin.The evaluation results show that during hydrocarbon expulsion from the source rocks,the relative contribution of CPD is the largest(>50%),followed by compaction(10%-40%),product volume expansion(5%-30%),and thermal expansion(2%-20%).The relative contribution of diffusion to hydrocarbon expulsion is minimal(<10%).These results demonstrate that CPD plays an important role in the hydrocarbon expulsion process of deep source rocks.The hydrocarbon expulsion process of source rocks can be categorized into three stages based on the contribution of different dynamics to the process:the first stage is dominated by compaction and diffusion to expel hydrocarbons,the second stage is dominated by product volume expansion and CPD,and the third stage is dominated by product volume expansion and CPD.This research offers new insights into hydrocarbon exploration in tight oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationsh...BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity. AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls (random effects MD = 0.63;95%CI: 0.22-1.05;P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa (random effects MD = 3.41;95%CI: 1.23-5.59;P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls (random effects MD = 0.86;95%CI: 0.28-1.43;P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.展开更多
The influence of material micro-defects on the main crack growth under pure shear loading is studied theoretically.The mechanism behind the initiation of micro-cracks and crack propagation induced by dislocation accum...The influence of material micro-defects on the main crack growth under pure shear loading is studied theoretically.The mechanism behind the initiation of micro-cracks and crack propagation induced by dislocation accumulation near the grain boundary(GB)ismainly considered,and the influence of dislocation accumulation on the main crack propagation is analyzed.The research results reveal that the initiation of micro-cracks near the GB is prior to the propagation of the main crack.In a hydrogen environment,hydrogen can cause serious embrittlement of the crack tip and promote crack growth.The energy release rate in the main crack growth direction in the dislocation emission direction is the highest.Therefore,the main crack will eventually merge with the micro-cracks at the GB along the direction of the slip band,resulting in fracture of the crystal material.The research presented in this paper provides some new information for the first stage of crack propagation and contributes to the analysis of the mechanism of crystal metal fracture.展开更多
"With long and short pipes in-serted like the wings of thePhoenix,its resonant anddelicate sound imitates that of the mythi-cal creature.It makes the Chu concubinehappy and King Jinwang sing.The bam-boo pipes coo..."With long and short pipes in-serted like the wings of thePhoenix,its resonant anddelicate sound imitates that of the mythi-cal creature.It makes the Chu concubinehappy and King Jinwang sing.The bam-boo pipes coordinate well withthe clouds in the sky and the instruments on earth."展开更多
Since the Cenozoic,a series of extensional south-north normal faults and gneiss-granite domes evolved in the southern Tibetan Plateau,the formation mechanism of which is of scientific interest and which has implicatio...Since the Cenozoic,a series of extensional south-north normal faults and gneiss-granite domes evolved in the southern Tibetan Plateau,the formation mechanism of which is of scientific interest and which has implications for the tectonic dynamics of the plateau.Typical of such features are the Xainza-Dinggye rift and the Mabja gneiss dome,which are located in the Xainza-Xietongmen-Dinggye region in the central Tibetan Plateau.In this study,Magnetotelluric measurements across this region are used to generate a high-resolution 3-D electrical resistivity model of the subsurface and to analyze the cause of the conductive zones.The large-scale conductive zones identified in the middle-lower crust may result from aqueous melt partial melting,whereas the smaller-scale conductive zones in the upper-middle crust may result from saline fluids,possibly with varying minor volumes of melts.Subsequently,based on the electrical resistivity model and combined with the spatiotemporal coupling of the geological,geochemical,and geophysical data,the state and migration features of crustal materials are discussed.The results show that the upwelling of mantle materials along subduction channels and slab-windows related to the tearing of the Indian lithospheric plate contributed to the partial melting of the middle-lower crust in the Lhasa terrane.Furthermore,partial melting of the upper-middle crust in the Tethys-Himalaya terrane resulted from southern extrusion of crustal materials in the Lhasa terrane.These two mechanisms can significantly reduce the effective viscosity.We speculate that the deformation of the brittle upper crust that is controlled by large-scale ductile layers characterized by weak rheology is the main dynamic mechanism of rift evolution.Meanwhile,the metamorphism and anatexis in the upper-middle crust of the Tethys-Himalaya terrane related to the southern extrusion of materials contributed to the evolution of the Mabja gneiss dome.During the middle Miocene,the southern extrusion of crustal materials may have been influenced by the cooling events beneath the Mabja gneiss dome,which can explain why the deep areas beneath the Mabja gneiss dome have middle-high resistivity.In addition,our study region is located in the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt,and mainly includes shallow-focus earthquakes and intermediate-depth earthquakes.In the north,shallow-focus earthquakes are mainly controlled by the accumulation of stress in the brittle layer of the overlying crust related to the ductile layer of the middle and lower crust.In the south,shallow-focus earthquakes(e.g.,Dingri MS6.8 earthquake)mainly occur in the rigid,resistive block,which is surrounded by conductive zones,possibly because fluid migration may be hindered by these resistive blocks.The intermediate-depth earthquakes are mainly controlled by the response in the subsurface area,which is related to the detachment of the Indian lithospheric mantle from the Indian crust.展开更多
Leukemia is a malignant disease characterized by progressive accumulation with high morbidity and mortality rates,and investigating its disease genes is crucial for understanding its etiology and pathogenesis.Network ...Leukemia is a malignant disease characterized by progressive accumulation with high morbidity and mortality rates,and investigating its disease genes is crucial for understanding its etiology and pathogenesis.Network propagation methods have emerged and been widely employed in disease gene prediction,but most of them focus on static biological networks,which hinders their applicability and effectiveness in the study of progressive diseases.Moreover,there is currently a lack of special algorithms for the identification of leukemia disease genes.Here,we proposed a novel Dynamic Network-based model integrating Differentially expressed Genes(DyNDG)to identify leukemia-related genes.Initially,we constructed a time-series dynamic network to model the development trajectory of leukemia.Then,we built a background-temporal multilayer network by integrating both the dynamic network and the static background network,which was initialized with differentially expressed genes at each stage.To quantify the associations between genes and leukemia,we extended a random walk process to the background-temporal multilayer network.The results demonstrate that DyNDG achieves superior accuracy compared to several state-of-the-art methods.Moreover,after excluding housekeeping genes,DyNDG yields a set of promising candidate genes associated with leukemia progression or potential biomarkers,indicating the value of dynamic network information in identifying leukemia-related genes.The implementation of DyNDG is available at both https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tool/BT7617 and https://github.com/CSUBioGroup/DyNDG.展开更多
文摘智慧城市中使用导航系统的车辆在逐渐增加。为了避免中出现密集规划而导致的某些道路负载过高而拥堵的情况,大规模路径规划近来成为了研究热点。从含有宏观连续模型中Lighthill-Whitham-Richards(LWR)模型的宏观基本图(Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram,MFD)推导得出,在城市路网环境中,使用道路负载率作为优化对象的大规模路径规划具有相较其它方案最低的时间成本。因此以LWR作为理论基础,设计负载均衡路径规划算法(Load Balancing Algorithm,LBA)。该算法以边的负载率作为评价指标,为单源查询批次Q中的每个查询找到一个最短路树。LBA构造超源节点将多源问题转化为单源问题。LBA使用网络扩张方法为可能出现的超负荷运转情况确定无拥堵路径,并使用Rtree索引的路网任意两点间最短路缓存加快算法运行速度。实验得出,与最先进算法相比在全局通行时延中减少了5.33%,CPU时间减少了54.58%。LBA在大规模路径规划场景中显著具有优越性。
基金This study is financially supported by the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number U19B6003-02-04the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing,under grant number 2462020BJRC005 and 2462022YXZZ007+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 42102145the China National Petroleum Corporation's"14th Five-Year Plan"major scientific projecs under grant number 2021DJ0101.
文摘To thoroughly understand the dynamic mechanism of hydrocarbon expulsion from deep source rocks,in this study,five types of hydrocarbon expulsion dynamics(thermal expansion,hydrocarbon diffusion,compaction,product volume expansion,and capillary pressure difference(CPD))are studied.A model is proposed herein to evaluate the relative contribution of different dynamics for hydrocarbon expulsion using the principle of mass balance,and the model has been applied to the Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin.The evaluation results show that during hydrocarbon expulsion from the source rocks,the relative contribution of CPD is the largest(>50%),followed by compaction(10%-40%),product volume expansion(5%-30%),and thermal expansion(2%-20%).The relative contribution of diffusion to hydrocarbon expulsion is minimal(<10%).These results demonstrate that CPD plays an important role in the hydrocarbon expulsion process of deep source rocks.The hydrocarbon expulsion process of source rocks can be categorized into three stages based on the contribution of different dynamics to the process:the first stage is dominated by compaction and diffusion to expel hydrocarbons,the second stage is dominated by product volume expansion and CPD,and the third stage is dominated by product volume expansion and CPD.This research offers new insights into hydrocarbon exploration in tight oil and gas reservoirs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81500351the Youth Medical Talent Project of Jiangsu Province,No.QNRC2016842+3 种基金the Jiangsu University Affiliated Hospital"5123"Talent Plan,No.51232017305the 169 Talent Project of Zhenjiang
文摘BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity. AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls (random effects MD = 0.63;95%CI: 0.22-1.05;P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa (random effects MD = 3.41;95%CI: 1.23-5.59;P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls (random effects MD = 0.86;95%CI: 0.28-1.43;P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11472230).
文摘The influence of material micro-defects on the main crack growth under pure shear loading is studied theoretically.The mechanism behind the initiation of micro-cracks and crack propagation induced by dislocation accumulation near the grain boundary(GB)ismainly considered,and the influence of dislocation accumulation on the main crack propagation is analyzed.The research results reveal that the initiation of micro-cracks near the GB is prior to the propagation of the main crack.In a hydrogen environment,hydrogen can cause serious embrittlement of the crack tip and promote crack growth.The energy release rate in the main crack growth direction in the dislocation emission direction is the highest.Therefore,the main crack will eventually merge with the micro-cracks at the GB along the direction of the slip band,resulting in fracture of the crystal material.The research presented in this paper provides some new information for the first stage of crack propagation and contributes to the analysis of the mechanism of crystal metal fracture.
文摘"With long and short pipes in-serted like the wings of thePhoenix,its resonant anddelicate sound imitates that of the mythi-cal creature.It makes the Chu concubinehappy and King Jinwang sing.The bam-boo pipes coordinate well withthe clouds in the sky and the instruments on earth."
基金supported by the High-performance Computing Platform of China University of Geosciences,Beijingsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42304087)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0800901)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.29-2023-202)。
文摘Since the Cenozoic,a series of extensional south-north normal faults and gneiss-granite domes evolved in the southern Tibetan Plateau,the formation mechanism of which is of scientific interest and which has implications for the tectonic dynamics of the plateau.Typical of such features are the Xainza-Dinggye rift and the Mabja gneiss dome,which are located in the Xainza-Xietongmen-Dinggye region in the central Tibetan Plateau.In this study,Magnetotelluric measurements across this region are used to generate a high-resolution 3-D electrical resistivity model of the subsurface and to analyze the cause of the conductive zones.The large-scale conductive zones identified in the middle-lower crust may result from aqueous melt partial melting,whereas the smaller-scale conductive zones in the upper-middle crust may result from saline fluids,possibly with varying minor volumes of melts.Subsequently,based on the electrical resistivity model and combined with the spatiotemporal coupling of the geological,geochemical,and geophysical data,the state and migration features of crustal materials are discussed.The results show that the upwelling of mantle materials along subduction channels and slab-windows related to the tearing of the Indian lithospheric plate contributed to the partial melting of the middle-lower crust in the Lhasa terrane.Furthermore,partial melting of the upper-middle crust in the Tethys-Himalaya terrane resulted from southern extrusion of crustal materials in the Lhasa terrane.These two mechanisms can significantly reduce the effective viscosity.We speculate that the deformation of the brittle upper crust that is controlled by large-scale ductile layers characterized by weak rheology is the main dynamic mechanism of rift evolution.Meanwhile,the metamorphism and anatexis in the upper-middle crust of the Tethys-Himalaya terrane related to the southern extrusion of materials contributed to the evolution of the Mabja gneiss dome.During the middle Miocene,the southern extrusion of crustal materials may have been influenced by the cooling events beneath the Mabja gneiss dome,which can explain why the deep areas beneath the Mabja gneiss dome have middle-high resistivity.In addition,our study region is located in the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt,and mainly includes shallow-focus earthquakes and intermediate-depth earthquakes.In the north,shallow-focus earthquakes are mainly controlled by the accumulation of stress in the brittle layer of the overlying crust related to the ductile layer of the middle and lower crust.In the south,shallow-focus earthquakes(e.g.,Dingri MS6.8 earthquake)mainly occur in the rigid,resistive block,which is surrounded by conductive zones,possibly because fluid migration may be hindered by these resistive blocks.The intermediate-depth earthquakes are mainly controlled by the response in the subsurface area,which is related to the detachment of the Indian lithospheric mantle from the Indian crust.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62225209)to Min Lithe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62472051)to Ju Xiangthe High Performance Computing Center of Central South University,China.
文摘Leukemia is a malignant disease characterized by progressive accumulation with high morbidity and mortality rates,and investigating its disease genes is crucial for understanding its etiology and pathogenesis.Network propagation methods have emerged and been widely employed in disease gene prediction,but most of them focus on static biological networks,which hinders their applicability and effectiveness in the study of progressive diseases.Moreover,there is currently a lack of special algorithms for the identification of leukemia disease genes.Here,we proposed a novel Dynamic Network-based model integrating Differentially expressed Genes(DyNDG)to identify leukemia-related genes.Initially,we constructed a time-series dynamic network to model the development trajectory of leukemia.Then,we built a background-temporal multilayer network by integrating both the dynamic network and the static background network,which was initialized with differentially expressed genes at each stage.To quantify the associations between genes and leukemia,we extended a random walk process to the background-temporal multilayer network.The results demonstrate that DyNDG achieves superior accuracy compared to several state-of-the-art methods.Moreover,after excluding housekeeping genes,DyNDG yields a set of promising candidate genes associated with leukemia progression or potential biomarkers,indicating the value of dynamic network information in identifying leukemia-related genes.The implementation of DyNDG is available at both https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tool/BT7617 and https://github.com/CSUBioGroup/DyNDG.
