Edible maize is an important food crop that provides energy and nutrients to meet human health and nutritional requirements.However,how environmental pressures and human activity have shaped the metabolome of edible m...Edible maize is an important food crop that provides energy and nutrients to meet human health and nutritional requirements.However,how environmental pressures and human activity have shaped the metabolome of edible maize remains unclear.In this study,we collected 452 diverse edible maize accessions worldwide,including waxy,sweet,and field maize.A total of 3020 non-redundant metabolites,including 802 annotated metabolites,were identified using a two-step optimized approach,which generated the most comprehensive annotated metabolite dataset in plants to date.Although specific metabolite differentiation was detected between field and sweet maize and between field and waxy maize,convergent metabolite differentiation was the dominant pattern.We identified hub genes in all metabolite classes by hotspot analysis in a metabolite genome-wide association study.Seventeen and 15 hub genes were selected as the key differentiation genes for flavonoids and lipids,respectively.Surprisingly,almost all of these genes were under diversifying selection,suggesting that diversifying selection was the main genetic mechanism of convergent metabolic differentiation.Further genetic and molecular studies revealed the roles and genetic diversifying selection mechanisms of ZmGPAT11 in convergent metabolite differentiation in the lipid pathway.On the basis of our research,we established the first edible maize metabolome database,EMMDB(https://www.maizemdb.site/home/).We successfully used EMMDB for precision improvement of nutritional and flavor traits and bred the elite inbred line 6644_2,with greatly increased contents of flavonoids,lysophosphatidylcholines,lysophosphatidylethanolamines,and vitamins.Collectively,our study sheds light on the genetic mechanisms of metabolite differentiation in edible maize and provides a database for breeding improvement of flavor and nutritional traits in edible maize by metabolome precision design.展开更多
Weeds present substantial challenges to agricultural productivity,par-ticularly in rice cultivation,by competing for vital resources such as nutrients,water,and sunlight.Chemical herbicides remain the primary means of...Weeds present substantial challenges to agricultural productivity,par-ticularly in rice cultivation,by competing for vital resources such as nutrients,water,and sunlight.Chemical herbicides remain the primary means of weed management;however,continuous reliance on traditional herbicides has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed pop-ulations,severely limiting their effectiveness.Consequently,there is an urgent need to identify alternative herbicide targets and mechanisms.Herbicides targeting the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase(HPPD).展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Special Program for Innovation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20240408)the Beijing Scholars Program(BSP041)+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(YXQN202401)the Youth Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ202407).
文摘Edible maize is an important food crop that provides energy and nutrients to meet human health and nutritional requirements.However,how environmental pressures and human activity have shaped the metabolome of edible maize remains unclear.In this study,we collected 452 diverse edible maize accessions worldwide,including waxy,sweet,and field maize.A total of 3020 non-redundant metabolites,including 802 annotated metabolites,were identified using a two-step optimized approach,which generated the most comprehensive annotated metabolite dataset in plants to date.Although specific metabolite differentiation was detected between field and sweet maize and between field and waxy maize,convergent metabolite differentiation was the dominant pattern.We identified hub genes in all metabolite classes by hotspot analysis in a metabolite genome-wide association study.Seventeen and 15 hub genes were selected as the key differentiation genes for flavonoids and lipids,respectively.Surprisingly,almost all of these genes were under diversifying selection,suggesting that diversifying selection was the main genetic mechanism of convergent metabolic differentiation.Further genetic and molecular studies revealed the roles and genetic diversifying selection mechanisms of ZmGPAT11 in convergent metabolite differentiation in the lipid pathway.On the basis of our research,we established the first edible maize metabolome database,EMMDB(https://www.maizemdb.site/home/).We successfully used EMMDB for precision improvement of nutritional and flavor traits and bred the elite inbred line 6644_2,with greatly increased contents of flavonoids,lysophosphatidylcholines,lysophosphatidylethanolamines,and vitamins.Collectively,our study sheds light on the genetic mechanisms of metabolite differentiation in edible maize and provides a database for breeding improvement of flavor and nutritional traits in edible maize by metabolome precision design.
基金supported by Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program(BE2022365)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241183)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402468)Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2022-35).
文摘Weeds present substantial challenges to agricultural productivity,par-ticularly in rice cultivation,by competing for vital resources such as nutrients,water,and sunlight.Chemical herbicides remain the primary means of weed management;however,continuous reliance on traditional herbicides has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weed pop-ulations,severely limiting their effectiveness.Consequently,there is an urgent need to identify alternative herbicide targets and mechanisms.Herbicides targeting the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase(HPPD).
