This study proposes and systematically evaluates an optimized integration of warm surface seawater injection with depressurization for the long-term exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates.By employing comprehensi...This study proposes and systematically evaluates an optimized integration of warm surface seawater injection with depressurization for the long-term exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates.By employing comprehensive multiphysics simulations guided by field data from hydrate production tests in the South China Sea,we pinpoint key operational parameters—such as injection rates,depths,and timings—that notably enhance production efficiency.The results indicate that a 3-phase hydrate reservoir transitions from a free-gas-dominated production stage to a hydrate-decomposition-dominated stage.Moderate warm seawater injection supplies additional heat during the hydrate decomposition phase,thereby enhancing stable production;however,excessively high injection rates can impede the depressurization process.Only injection at an appropriate depth simultaneously balances thermal supplementation and the pressure gradient,leading to higher overall productivity.A“depressurization-driven sensible-heat supply window”is introduced,highlighting that timely seawater injection following initial depressurization prolongs reservoir dissociation dynamics.In this study area,commencing seawater injection at 170 d of depressurization proved optimal.This optimized integration leverages clean and renewable thermal energy,providing essential insights into thermal supplementation strategies with significant implications for sustainable,economically feasible,and efficient commercial-scale hydrate production.展开更多
The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at...The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear.Therefore,we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts(i.e.,topsoil,middle soil,and subsoil)to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5%(weight/weight)pristine biochar(PB),1%(weight:weight)PB,0.5%(weight:weight)FB,and 1%(weight:weight)FB and without biochar(control,CK).The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1%FB application,while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil.The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK.Moreover,the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil,especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota.Furthermore,the abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,c_Alphaproteobacteria,Sphingomonas,and Pontibacter)in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK.Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient,providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.展开更多
Solid-state battery(SSB)with lithium metal anode(LMA)is considered as one of the most promising storage devices for the next generation.To simultaneously address two critical issues in lithium metal batteries:the nega...Solid-state battery(SSB)with lithium metal anode(LMA)is considered as one of the most promising storage devices for the next generation.To simultaneously address two critical issues in lithium metal batteries:the negative impact of interfacial compatibility on the electrochemical performance and the safety risks associated with Li dendrite growth-we propose a dual in-situ strategy for fabricating SSBs.Herein,the excellent cycling performance and improved safety of polymer SSB under dual in-situ strategy was confirmed.The lower Li nucleation barrier of Sn leads to uniform Li deposition on the modified-Li(ModLi)/solid-state electrolyte(SSE)interface.LiF-enriched layer on LMA contributes to capacity retention of 92%after 550 cycles in LiFePO_(4)SSB.The modified layer provides outstanding dendrite suppression ability under an overcharge condition of 5.5 V.The higher thermal stability of SSE than liquid electrolyte was investigated through in-situ heat and gas generation analysis,with ModLi+SSE generating only 9.9%of Li+SSE.Higher cycling stability of SSB was demonstrated through in-situ cycling heat generation analysis,and lower temperature sensitivity of SSB with 31%of heat production decrease from 30 to 70℃,while LIBs show a 54%reduction.Excellent high-temperature stability was proved by a 92%capacity retention at 60℃after 50 cycles.Ultimately,pouch cells with SSE of higher thermal stability and modifications on LMA achieved a higher self-heating onset temperature(Tonset)of 180℃and a lower thermal runaway maximum temperature(T_(max))of 401℃,The impacts of dual in-situ strategy for materials,interfaces,coin cells and pouch cells aid in further understanding on thermal runaway mechanism of SSB.展开更多
Inflammation is often accompanied by glioblastoma cells(GBMs)and is considered a key factor for GBM growth.This feature is believed to be connected with the tryptophan pathway mainly affected by intestinal microbes si...Inflammation is often accompanied by glioblastoma cells(GBMs)and is considered a key factor for GBM growth.This feature is believed to be connected with the tryptophan pathway mainly affected by intestinal microbes since the concept of gut-brain axis(GBA)has been proposed.Here we present a microchip model co-culturing intestinal cells(Caco2),microbes(E.coli),and GBM cells(U87)to study inflammatory responses of GBM by investigating the tryptophan metabolism.E.coli after encapsulating with alginate hydrogel microparticles(AHMPs)was seeded in the microchip where Caco2 was located,forming the simulated system of intestinal physiology and avoiding excessive reproduction of microbes.Continuous flow was applied to maintain the cell viability,induce the morphogenesis,and simulate the tryptophan transportation in GBA.The morphological alterations of Caco2 and U87 were characterized by fluorescence imaging and the tryptophan metabolism,especially the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway,was analyzed by LC-MS.Above these results of molecular analysis and cell behavior,we can conclude that GBM inflammation is induced by tryptophan accumulation.This microchip-based model generally provides an alternative method for in vitro research of interactions in GBA.展开更多
Early warning of thermal runaway(TR)of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is a significant challenge in current application scenarios.Timely and effective TR early warning technology is urgently required considering the curre...Early warning of thermal runaway(TR)of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is a significant challenge in current application scenarios.Timely and effective TR early warning technology is urgently required considering the current fire safety situation of LIBs.In this work,we report an early warning method of TR with online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)monitoring,which overcomes the shortcomings of warning methods based on traditional signals such as temperature,gas,and pressure with obvious delay and high cost.With in-situ data acquisition through accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC)-EIS test,the crucial features of TR were extracted using the RReliefF algorithm.TR mechanisms corresponding to the features at specific frequencies were analyzed.Finally,a three-level warning strategy for single battery,series module,and parallel module was formulated,which can successfully send out an early warning signal ahead of the self-heating temperature of battery under thermal abuse condition.The technology can provide a reliable basis for the timely intervention of battery thermal management and fire protection systems and is expected to be applied to electric vehicles and energy storage devices to realize early warning and improve battery safety.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)therapy.Increasing the MSC survival rate and deepening the understanding of the behavior of transplanted MSCs are ...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)therapy.Increasing the MSC survival rate and deepening the understanding of the behavior of transplanted MSCs are of great significance for improving the efficacy of MSC-based IPF treatment.Therefore,dual-functional Au-based nanoparticles(Au@PEG@PEI@TAT NPs,AuPPT)were fabricated by sequential modification of cationic polymer polyetherimide(PEI),polyethylene glycol(PEG),and transactivator of transcription(TAT)penetration peptide on AuNPs,to co-deliver retinoic acid(RA)and microRNA(miRNA)for simultaneously enhancing MSC survive and real-time imaging tracking of MSCs during IPF treatment.AuPPT NPs,with good drug loading and cellular uptake abilities,could efficiently deliver miRNA and RA to protect MSCs from reactive oxygen species and reduce their expression of apoptosis executive protein Caspase 3,thus prolonging the survival time of MSC after transplantation.In themeantime,the intracellular accumulation of AuPPT NPs enhanced the computed tomography imaging contrast of transplantedMSCs,allowing them to be visually tracked in vivo.This study establishes an Au-based dual-functional platform for drug delivery and cell imaging tracking,which provides a new strategy for MSC-related IPF therapy.展开更多
Achieving high activity and stability oxygen evolution reaction(OER) catalysts to optimize the efficiency of metal-air battery, water splitting and other energy conversion devices, remains a formidable challenge.Herei...Achieving high activity and stability oxygen evolution reaction(OER) catalysts to optimize the efficiency of metal-air battery, water splitting and other energy conversion devices, remains a formidable challenge.Herein, we demonstrate the metallic porous nanowires arrays with abundant defects via nitrogen and copper codoped CoS1.97 nanowires(N-CuCoS1.97 NWs). The N-CuCoS1.97 NWs can serve as an excellent OER self-supported electrode with an overpotential of 280 mV(j = 10 m A cm-2) and remarkable long-term stability. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS) measurements confirmed the surface lattice oxygen created on the N-CuCoS1.97 NWs during OER. Then, the density function theory(DFT) results evident that lattice oxygen constructed surface of N-CuCoS1.97 NWs has more favorable OER energetic profiles and absorption for reaction intermediate. More importantly,the flexible and wearable Zn-air battery fabricated by the N-CuCoS1.97 NWs shows excellent rechargeable and mechanical stability, which can be used in portable mobile device.展开更多
Microneurovascular units(mNVUs),comprising neurons,micro-glia,and blood-brain barrier(BBB)endothelial cells,are pivotal to the central nervous system and are associated with cerebral hypoxia and brain injuries.Cerebra...Microneurovascular units(mNVUs),comprising neurons,micro-glia,and blood-brain barrier(BBB)endothelial cells,are pivotal to the central nervous system and are associated with cerebral hypoxia and brain injuries.Cerebral hypoxia triggers microglial overactivity,causing inflammation,neuronal injury,and disruption of the BBB[1].Salidroside(Sal),a key compound in Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulata,mitigates hypoxia-induced metabolic disorders and neuronal damage by preserving mitochondrial function[2].展开更多
Objective: Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC) continues to pose effective treatment options. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of combining low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenva...Objective: Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC) continues to pose effective treatment options. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of combining low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenvatinib, pembrolizumab and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) for the treatment of uHCC.Methods: From February 2022 to November 2023, a total of 40 patients diagnosed with uHCC were enrolled in this small-dose, single-center, single-arm, prospective study. They received a combined treatment of low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenvatinib, pembrolizumab, and TACE. Study endpoints included progression-free survival(PFS), objective response rate(ORR), and safety assessment. Tumor response was assessed using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(mRECIST), while survival analysis was conducted through KaplanMeier curve analysis for overall survival(OS) and PFS. Adverse events(AEs) were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(version 5.0).Results: A total of 34 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up duration was 11.2 [95% confidence interval(95% CI), 5.3-14.6] months, and the median PFS(mPFS) was 15.5(95% CI, 5.4-NA) months.Median OS(mOS) was not attained during the study period. The ORR was 55.9%, and the disease control rate(DCR) was 70.6%. AEs were reported in 27(79.4%) patients. The most frequently reported AEs(with an incidence rate >10%) included abnormal liver function(52.9%), abdominal pain(44.1%), abdominal distension and constipation(29.4%), hypertension(20.6%), leukopenia(17.6%), constipation(17.6%), ascites(14.7%), and insomnia(14.7%). Abnormal liver function(14.7%) had the most common grade 3 or higher AEs.Conclusions: A combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenvatinib, pembrolizumab, and TACE is safe and effective for u HCC, showcasing a promising therapeutic strategy for managing uHCC.展开更多
Electric vehicles and battery energy storage are effective technical paths to achieve carbon neutrality,and lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)are very critical energy storage devices,which is of great significance to the goa...Electric vehicles and battery energy storage are effective technical paths to achieve carbon neutrality,and lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)are very critical energy storage devices,which is of great significance to the goal.However,the battery’s characteristics of instant degradation seriously affect its long life and high safety applications.The aging mechanisms of LiBs are complex and multi-faceted,strongly influenced by numerous interacting factors.Currently,the degree of capacity fading is commonly used to describe the aging of the battery,and the ratio of the maximum available capacity to the rated capacity of the battery is defined as the state of health(SOH).However,the aging or health of the battery should be multifaceted.To realize the multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of battery health status,a novel SOH estimation method driven by multidimensional aging characteristics is proposed through the improved single-particle model.The parameter identification and sensitivity analysis of the model were carried out during the whole cycle of life in a wide temperature environment.Nine aging characteristic parameters were obtained to describe the SOH.Combined with aging mechanisms,the current health status was evaluated from four aspects:capacity level,lithium-ion dif-fusion,electrochemical reaction,and power capacity.The proposed method can more comprehensively evaluate the aging charac-teristics of batteries,and the SOH estimation error is within 2%.展开更多
As an important part of the“Five Education,”labor education is a practical activity for cultivating labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit(also named craftsman spirit).This article points out the importance of i...As an important part of the“Five Education,”labor education is a practical activity for cultivating labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit(also named craftsman spirit).This article points out the importance of integrating labor education into the process of“funding and educating people”in applied colleges and universities.It also explores the role of labor education as a starting point from the three aspects of labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit.It provides an innovative path for applied colleges to fund and educate people.展开更多
This work presents the modified precipitation behavior of the β phase in a Mg-8.0Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn-0.4Ce alloy(wt%,designated as AZ80+0.4%Ce),which has been subjected to room-temperature pre-compression and a subsequent...This work presents the modified precipitation behavior of the β phase in a Mg-8.0Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn-0.4Ce alloy(wt%,designated as AZ80+0.4%Ce),which has been subjected to room-temperature pre-compression and a subsequent dual-stage aging treatment,thereby imparting it with the pronounced basal texture.It was found that the synergistic application of pre-compression and dual-stage aging protocol markedly accelerates the age-hardening response and architecture of the continuous precipitates(CPs)in the present AZ80+0.4%Ce alloy.Consequently,this alloy achieves an exceptional balance between strength and ductility,boasting a yield strength of approximately 229.0 MPa alongside an elongation of around 7.0%.A series of microstructural characterizations reveal that high-density intragranular dislocations introduced by pre-compression serve as catalysts for the preferential formation of CPs over the discontinuous precipitates,effectively suppressing the latter.Notably,this also facilitates static recrystallization,which refines the grain structure and alleviates the residual stresses induced by deformation,further enhancing the mechanical properties.This research contributes a novel perspective to the thermomechanical processing design of precipitation-hardened lightweight alloys,offering a pathway to optimize their performance through tailored thermomechanical strategies.展开更多
Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utiliz...Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utilization and exceptional catalytic functionality.Furthermore,accurately controlling atomic physical properties including spin,charge,orbital,and lattice degrees of atomically dispersed catalysts can realize the optimized chemical properties including maximum atom utilization efficiency,homogenous active centers,and satisfactory catalytic performance,but remains elusive.Here,through physical and chemical insight,we review and systematically summarize the strategies to optimize atomically dispersed ORR catalysts including adjusting the atomic coordination environment,adjacent electronic orbital and site density,and the choice of dual-atom sites.Then the emphasis is on the fundamental understanding of the correlation between the physical property and the catalytic behavior for atomically dispersed catalysts.Finally,an overview of the existing challenges and prospects to illustrate the current obstacles and potential opportunities for the advancement of atomically dispersed catalysts in the realm of electrocatalytic reactions is offered.展开更多
Primary liver cancer is a significant health problem worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounting for 75%-85%of cases.In recent years,radiotherapy has become ...Primary liver cancer is a significant health problem worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounting for 75%-85%of cases.In recent years,radiotherapy has become an emerging treatment for HCC and is effective for various stages of HCC.However,radiosensitivity of liver cancer cells has a significant effect on the efficacy of radiotherapy and is regulated by various factors.How to increase radiosensitivity and improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy require further exploration.This review summarizes the recent research progress on the mechanisms affecting sensitivity to radiotherapy,including epigenetics,transportation and metabolism,regulated cell death pathways,the microenvironment,and redox status,as well as the effect of nanoparticles on the radiosensitivity of liver cancer.It is expected to provide more effective strategies and methods for clinical treatment of liver cancer by radiotherapy.展开更多
The Van Allen radiation belts are an extraordinary science discovery in the Earth magnetosphere and consist of two electron belts.The inner Van Allen belt contains electrons of 10s to 100s keV;the outer belt consists ...The Van Allen radiation belts are an extraordinary science discovery in the Earth magnetosphere and consist of two electron belts.The inner Van Allen belt contains electrons of 10s to 100s keV;the outer belt consists mainly of 0.1-10 MeV electrons.Their dynamics have been analyzed for decades.The newly-launched Van Allen Probes provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate the inner belt more thoroughly.Data from this advanced mission have allowed scientists to demonstrate that the inner belt was formed not only through inward transport of outer belt electrons but Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay(CRAND)has also played an important role.In addition,the inner belt electrons show energy-dependent variations and present“zebra stripe”structures in the energy spectrum.At the same time,scientists have further confirmed that the electrons in the inner radiation belt get lost through coulomb collision and wave-particle interaction.Despite these advances,important questions remain unanswered and require further investigation.The launch of Macao Science Satellite-1 mission,with its low inclination angle and low altitude orbit,will provide advanced radiation belt data for better understanding of the structure and dynamics of the inner electron radiation belt.展开更多
With the development of green data centers,a large number of Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS)resources in Internet Data Center(IDC)are becoming idle assets owing to their low utilization rate.The revitalization of th...With the development of green data centers,a large number of Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS)resources in Internet Data Center(IDC)are becoming idle assets owing to their low utilization rate.The revitalization of these idle UPS resources is an urgent problem that must be addressed.Based on the energy storage type of the UPS(EUPS)and using renewable sources,a solution for IDCs is proposed in this study.Subsequently,an EUPS cluster classification method based on the concept of shared mechanism niche(CSMN)was proposed to effectively solve the EUPS control problem.Accordingly,the classified EUPS aggregation unit was used to determine the optimal operation of the IDC.An IDC cost minimization optimization model was established,and the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO)algorithm was adopted.Finally,the economy and effectiveness of the three-tier optimization framework and model were verified through three case studies.展开更多
Objective: To construct a HepG2 cell line which stably expressing Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)and investigate the effects of HBeAg on the proliferation,migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. Methods: The lentivirus ca...Objective: To construct a HepG2 cell line which stably expressing Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)and investigate the effects of HBeAg on the proliferation,migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. Methods: The lentivirus carrying HBeAg gene was constructed and packaged. HepG2 cells were infected with the lentivirus and screened with puromycin to obtain HepG2 cells which stably expressing HBeAg(HepG2-HBeAg cells).The expression levels of HBeAg mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively. The content of HBeAg secretion in cell supernatant in both HepG2-HBeAg cells and control cells(HepG2-NC cells and HepG2 cells)were detected by IFMA assay. Furthermore,CCK-8 proliferation assay,colony formation assay and transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted to compare the abilities of cell proliferation,migration and invasion,respectively. Results: The expression of HBeAg in the HepG2-HBeAg cell was significantly higher than those in HepG2 cells and HepG2-NC cells. Secreted HBeAg in the supernatant of HepG2-HBeAg cells was 26. 33±2. 13 PEIU/mL but was undetectable in supernatant of control cells. The proliferation,migration and invasion were all significantly lower in HepG2-HBeAg cells compared to control cells(P<0. 01). Conclusion: A HepG2 cell line which stably expressing HBeAg was constructed successfully,and the over-expression of HBeAg could attenuate the proliferation,migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.展开更多
Vascular diseases,including atherosclerosis,aneurysms,and vascular calcification,are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.In past decades,the gut microbiota has been found to be an indispensable popula...Vascular diseases,including atherosclerosis,aneurysms,and vascular calcification,are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.In past decades,the gut microbiota has been found to be an indispensable population exert-ing effects on hosts under physiological and pathological conditions.Gut microbiota-derived metabolites,such as trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids,mediate these effects by regulating vascular cells systematically.Translation of research knowledge to clinical scenarios has led to the development of new therapies including dietary interventions and metabolite inhibitors.This review describes recent advancements in understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiota and vascular dysfunction,and potential treatments for vascular diseases.展开更多
The preschool period is a crucial stage for children’s physical and mental development,and the mental health status during this period directly affects children’s personality shaping and lifelong development.In rece...The preschool period is a crucial stage for children’s physical and mental development,and the mental health status during this period directly affects children’s personality shaping and lifelong development.In recent years,China’s preschool education has flourished,with a continuous increase in the enrollment rate of children and an increasing emphasis on mental health education.However,there are still many problems in the current mental health education for preschool children,which urgently requires attention from all sectors of society.This article analyzes the main problems in mental health education for preschool children and proposes corresponding solutions,hoping to provide references for related research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4206700)the Joint Geological Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2244223)+5 种基金the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202404910533)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2020B0301030003)the China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20211350)the Key Deployment Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.YJKYYQ20190043,ZDBS-LY-DQC003,KFZD-SW-422,and ZDRW-ZS-2021-3-1)the Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(No.2022DJ5503)the Supercomputing Laboratory,IGGCAS.
文摘This study proposes and systematically evaluates an optimized integration of warm surface seawater injection with depressurization for the long-term exploitation of marine natural gas hydrates.By employing comprehensive multiphysics simulations guided by field data from hydrate production tests in the South China Sea,we pinpoint key operational parameters—such as injection rates,depths,and timings—that notably enhance production efficiency.The results indicate that a 3-phase hydrate reservoir transitions from a free-gas-dominated production stage to a hydrate-decomposition-dominated stage.Moderate warm seawater injection supplies additional heat during the hydrate decomposition phase,thereby enhancing stable production;however,excessively high injection rates can impede the depressurization process.Only injection at an appropriate depth simultaneously balances thermal supplementation and the pressure gradient,leading to higher overall productivity.A“depressurization-driven sensible-heat supply window”is introduced,highlighting that timely seawater injection following initial depressurization prolongs reservoir dissociation dynamics.In this study area,commencing seawater injection at 170 d of depressurization proved optimal.This optimized integration leverages clean and renewable thermal energy,providing essential insights into thermal supplementation strategies with significant implications for sustainable,economically feasible,and efficient commercial-scale hydrate production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42577377).
文摘The application of modified biochar has been proven to be a novel and promising strategy to improve saline-alkali soil.However,the effect of iron-modified biochar(FB)on the chemical properties of saline-alkali soil at different depths remains unclear.Therefore,we designed a soil column and divided it into three consecutive parts(i.e.,topsoil,middle soil,and subsoil)to explore the amelioration effects of biochar on saline-alkali soil chemical properties and bacterial communities along a depth gradient in the treatments amended with 0.5%(weight/weight)pristine biochar(PB),1%(weight:weight)PB,0.5%(weight:weight)FB,and 1%(weight:weight)FB and without biochar(control,CK).The results showed that soil chemical properties were significantly improved with 1%FB application,while the amelioration effect of FB was different between the topsoil and subsoil.The activities of extracellular enzymes significantly increased in the topsoil and base cations decreased in the subsoil in the FB treatment compared with CK.Moreover,the abundances of halophilic taxa were higher in the subsoil than in the topsoil,especially for Bacteroidetes and Deinococcota.Furthermore,the abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g.,c_Alphaproteobacteria,Sphingomonas,and Pontibacter)in saline-alkali soil increased in the FB treatment compared with CK.Our results suggest the ameliorative effect of FB on soil properties and bacterial communities along a soil depth gradient,providing a novel strategy for improving saline-alkali soil with biochar.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2024B1111080001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204248 and 52474258)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y201768)。
文摘Solid-state battery(SSB)with lithium metal anode(LMA)is considered as one of the most promising storage devices for the next generation.To simultaneously address two critical issues in lithium metal batteries:the negative impact of interfacial compatibility on the electrochemical performance and the safety risks associated with Li dendrite growth-we propose a dual in-situ strategy for fabricating SSBs.Herein,the excellent cycling performance and improved safety of polymer SSB under dual in-situ strategy was confirmed.The lower Li nucleation barrier of Sn leads to uniform Li deposition on the modified-Li(ModLi)/solid-state electrolyte(SSE)interface.LiF-enriched layer on LMA contributes to capacity retention of 92%after 550 cycles in LiFePO_(4)SSB.The modified layer provides outstanding dendrite suppression ability under an overcharge condition of 5.5 V.The higher thermal stability of SSE than liquid electrolyte was investigated through in-situ heat and gas generation analysis,with ModLi+SSE generating only 9.9%of Li+SSE.Higher cycling stability of SSB was demonstrated through in-situ cycling heat generation analysis,and lower temperature sensitivity of SSB with 31%of heat production decrease from 30 to 70℃,while LIBs show a 54%reduction.Excellent high-temperature stability was proved by a 92%capacity retention at 60℃after 50 cycles.Ultimately,pouch cells with SSE of higher thermal stability and modifications on LMA achieved a higher self-heating onset temperature(Tonset)of 180℃and a lower thermal runaway maximum temperature(T_(max))of 401℃,The impacts of dual in-situ strategy for materials,interfaces,coin cells and pouch cells aid in further understanding on thermal runaway mechanism of SSB.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0600700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22034005)+1 种基金Research Projects of Putian University(No.2024172)the Startup Fund for Advanced Talents of Putian University(No.2024046)。
文摘Inflammation is often accompanied by glioblastoma cells(GBMs)and is considered a key factor for GBM growth.This feature is believed to be connected with the tryptophan pathway mainly affected by intestinal microbes since the concept of gut-brain axis(GBA)has been proposed.Here we present a microchip model co-culturing intestinal cells(Caco2),microbes(E.coli),and GBM cells(U87)to study inflammatory responses of GBM by investigating the tryptophan metabolism.E.coli after encapsulating with alginate hydrogel microparticles(AHMPs)was seeded in the microchip where Caco2 was located,forming the simulated system of intestinal physiology and avoiding excessive reproduction of microbes.Continuous flow was applied to maintain the cell viability,induce the morphogenesis,and simulate the tryptophan transportation in GBA.The morphological alterations of Caco2 and U87 were characterized by fluorescence imaging and the tryptophan metabolism,especially the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway,was analyzed by LC-MS.Above these results of molecular analysis and cell behavior,we can conclude that GBM inflammation is induced by tryptophan accumulation.This microchip-based model generally provides an alternative method for in vitro research of interactions in GBA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2033204,51976209)the Natural Science Foundation of Hefei(2022019)supported by Youth Innovative Promotion Association CAS(Y201768)。
文摘Early warning of thermal runaway(TR)of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is a significant challenge in current application scenarios.Timely and effective TR early warning technology is urgently required considering the current fire safety situation of LIBs.In this work,we report an early warning method of TR with online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)monitoring,which overcomes the shortcomings of warning methods based on traditional signals such as temperature,gas,and pressure with obvious delay and high cost.With in-situ data acquisition through accelerating rate calorimeter(ARC)-EIS test,the crucial features of TR were extracted using the RReliefF algorithm.TR mechanisms corresponding to the features at specific frequencies were analyzed.Finally,a three-level warning strategy for single battery,series module,and parallel module was formulated,which can successfully send out an early warning signal ahead of the self-heating temperature of battery under thermal abuse condition.The technology can provide a reliable basis for the timely intervention of battery thermal management and fire protection systems and is expected to be applied to electric vehicles and energy storage devices to realize early warning and improve battery safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171367)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230236)+1 种基金Science and Technology Project of Suzhou(Grant No.SS202135)CAS-VPST Silk Road Science Fund 2021(Grant No.121E32KYSB20200021).
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)therapy.Increasing the MSC survival rate and deepening the understanding of the behavior of transplanted MSCs are of great significance for improving the efficacy of MSC-based IPF treatment.Therefore,dual-functional Au-based nanoparticles(Au@PEG@PEI@TAT NPs,AuPPT)were fabricated by sequential modification of cationic polymer polyetherimide(PEI),polyethylene glycol(PEG),and transactivator of transcription(TAT)penetration peptide on AuNPs,to co-deliver retinoic acid(RA)and microRNA(miRNA)for simultaneously enhancing MSC survive and real-time imaging tracking of MSCs during IPF treatment.AuPPT NPs,with good drug loading and cellular uptake abilities,could efficiently deliver miRNA and RA to protect MSCs from reactive oxygen species and reduce their expression of apoptosis executive protein Caspase 3,thus prolonging the survival time of MSC after transplantation.In themeantime,the intracellular accumulation of AuPPT NPs enhanced the computed tomography imaging contrast of transplantedMSCs,allowing them to be visually tracked in vivo.This study establishes an Au-based dual-functional platform for drug delivery and cell imaging tracking,which provides a new strategy for MSC-related IPF therapy.
基金support from the NSFC (Nos. 21571089, 21503102, 51571125)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2016-k02, lzujbky-2018-k08 and lzujbky-2017-it42)+1 种基金Shanghai Pujiang Program (15PJ1400500)Shanghai “Chen Guang” project (14CG02)
文摘Achieving high activity and stability oxygen evolution reaction(OER) catalysts to optimize the efficiency of metal-air battery, water splitting and other energy conversion devices, remains a formidable challenge.Herein, we demonstrate the metallic porous nanowires arrays with abundant defects via nitrogen and copper codoped CoS1.97 nanowires(N-CuCoS1.97 NWs). The N-CuCoS1.97 NWs can serve as an excellent OER self-supported electrode with an overpotential of 280 mV(j = 10 m A cm-2) and remarkable long-term stability. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectrum(XPS) measurements confirmed the surface lattice oxygen created on the N-CuCoS1.97 NWs during OER. Then, the density function theory(DFT) results evident that lattice oxygen constructed surface of N-CuCoS1.97 NWs has more favorable OER energetic profiles and absorption for reaction intermediate. More importantly,the flexible and wearable Zn-air battery fabricated by the N-CuCoS1.97 NWs shows excellent rechargeable and mechanical stability, which can be used in portable mobile device.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82274207,81973569,22034005)the Xinglin Scholar Research Promotion Project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:XKTD2022013)the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.:24NSFSC1748).
文摘Microneurovascular units(mNVUs),comprising neurons,micro-glia,and blood-brain barrier(BBB)endothelial cells,are pivotal to the central nervous system and are associated with cerebral hypoxia and brain injuries.Cerebral hypoxia triggers microglial overactivity,causing inflammation,neuronal injury,and disruption of the BBB[1].Salidroside(Sal),a key compound in Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulata,mitigates hypoxia-induced metabolic disorders and neuronal damage by preserving mitochondrial function[2].
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou (No. 202102010171)National Natural Science Foundation Cultivation Project of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (No. 2020GZRPYMS11)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2018A030313641)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030313848)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou (No. 201704020175)。
文摘Objective: Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC) continues to pose effective treatment options. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of combining low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenvatinib, pembrolizumab and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) for the treatment of uHCC.Methods: From February 2022 to November 2023, a total of 40 patients diagnosed with uHCC were enrolled in this small-dose, single-center, single-arm, prospective study. They received a combined treatment of low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenvatinib, pembrolizumab, and TACE. Study endpoints included progression-free survival(PFS), objective response rate(ORR), and safety assessment. Tumor response was assessed using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(mRECIST), while survival analysis was conducted through KaplanMeier curve analysis for overall survival(OS) and PFS. Adverse events(AEs) were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events(version 5.0).Results: A total of 34 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up duration was 11.2 [95% confidence interval(95% CI), 5.3-14.6] months, and the median PFS(mPFS) was 15.5(95% CI, 5.4-NA) months.Median OS(mOS) was not attained during the study period. The ORR was 55.9%, and the disease control rate(DCR) was 70.6%. AEs were reported in 27(79.4%) patients. The most frequently reported AEs(with an incidence rate >10%) included abnormal liver function(52.9%), abdominal pain(44.1%), abdominal distension and constipation(29.4%), hypertension(20.6%), leukopenia(17.6%), constipation(17.6%), ascites(14.7%), and insomnia(14.7%). Abnormal liver function(14.7%) had the most common grade 3 or higher AEs.Conclusions: A combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide with lenvatinib, pembrolizumab, and TACE is safe and effective for u HCC, showcasing a promising therapeutic strategy for managing uHCC.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2402002)the Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(STKJXM 20210097).
文摘Electric vehicles and battery energy storage are effective technical paths to achieve carbon neutrality,and lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)are very critical energy storage devices,which is of great significance to the goal.However,the battery’s characteristics of instant degradation seriously affect its long life and high safety applications.The aging mechanisms of LiBs are complex and multi-faceted,strongly influenced by numerous interacting factors.Currently,the degree of capacity fading is commonly used to describe the aging of the battery,and the ratio of the maximum available capacity to the rated capacity of the battery is defined as the state of health(SOH).However,the aging or health of the battery should be multifaceted.To realize the multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of battery health status,a novel SOH estimation method driven by multidimensional aging characteristics is proposed through the improved single-particle model.The parameter identification and sensitivity analysis of the model were carried out during the whole cycle of life in a wide temperature environment.Nine aging characteristic parameters were obtained to describe the SOH.Combined with aging mechanisms,the current health status was evaluated from four aspects:capacity level,lithium-ion dif-fusion,electrochemical reaction,and power capacity.The proposed method can more comprehensively evaluate the aging charac-teristics of batteries,and the SOH estimation error is within 2%.
文摘As an important part of the“Five Education,”labor education is a practical activity for cultivating labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit(also named craftsman spirit).This article points out the importance of integrating labor education into the process of“funding and educating people”in applied colleges and universities.It also explores the role of labor education as a starting point from the three aspects of labor values,labor skills,and labor spirit.It provides an innovative path for applied colleges to fund and educate people.
基金supported by the Innovative Talents Support Program of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province and the North University of China Project of Science and Technology in 2022(20221878).
文摘This work presents the modified precipitation behavior of the β phase in a Mg-8.0Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn-0.4Ce alloy(wt%,designated as AZ80+0.4%Ce),which has been subjected to room-temperature pre-compression and a subsequent dual-stage aging treatment,thereby imparting it with the pronounced basal texture.It was found that the synergistic application of pre-compression and dual-stage aging protocol markedly accelerates the age-hardening response and architecture of the continuous precipitates(CPs)in the present AZ80+0.4%Ce alloy.Consequently,this alloy achieves an exceptional balance between strength and ductility,boasting a yield strength of approximately 229.0 MPa alongside an elongation of around 7.0%.A series of microstructural characterizations reveal that high-density intragranular dislocations introduced by pre-compression serve as catalysts for the preferential formation of CPs over the discontinuous precipitates,effectively suppressing the latter.Notably,this also facilitates static recrystallization,which refines the grain structure and alleviates the residual stresses induced by deformation,further enhancing the mechanical properties.This research contributes a novel perspective to the thermomechanical processing design of precipitation-hardened lightweight alloys,offering a pathway to optimize their performance through tailored thermomechanical strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22234005,21974070)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20222015)。
文摘Atomically dispersed catalysts exhibit significant influence on facilitating the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics with high atom economy,owing to remarkable attributes including nearly 100%atomic utilization and exceptional catalytic functionality.Furthermore,accurately controlling atomic physical properties including spin,charge,orbital,and lattice degrees of atomically dispersed catalysts can realize the optimized chemical properties including maximum atom utilization efficiency,homogenous active centers,and satisfactory catalytic performance,but remains elusive.Here,through physical and chemical insight,we review and systematically summarize the strategies to optimize atomically dispersed ORR catalysts including adjusting the atomic coordination environment,adjacent electronic orbital and site density,and the choice of dual-atom sites.Then the emphasis is on the fundamental understanding of the correlation between the physical property and the catalytic behavior for atomically dispersed catalysts.Finally,an overview of the existing challenges and prospects to illustrate the current obstacles and potential opportunities for the advancement of atomically dispersed catalysts in the realm of electrocatalytic reactions is offered.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou(No.202102010171)National Natural Science Foundation Cultivation Project of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(No.2020GZRPYMS11)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030313641)CSCO-Roche Joint Cancer Research Fund(No.Y-Roche2019/20041)。
文摘Primary liver cancer is a significant health problem worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounting for 75%-85%of cases.In recent years,radiotherapy has become an emerging treatment for HCC and is effective for various stages of HCC.However,radiosensitivity of liver cancer cells has a significant effect on the efficacy of radiotherapy and is regulated by various factors.How to increase radiosensitivity and improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy require further exploration.This review summarizes the recent research progress on the mechanisms affecting sensitivity to radiotherapy,including epigenetics,transportation and metabolism,regulated cell death pathways,the microenvironment,and redox status,as well as the effect of nanoparticles on the radiosensitivity of liver cancer.It is expected to provide more effective strategies and methods for clinical treatment of liver cancer by radiotherapy.
基金supported by NSFC research grant 41974191China National Space Administration project D020303the National Key R&D Program of China 2020YFE0202100。
文摘The Van Allen radiation belts are an extraordinary science discovery in the Earth magnetosphere and consist of two electron belts.The inner Van Allen belt contains electrons of 10s to 100s keV;the outer belt consists mainly of 0.1-10 MeV electrons.Their dynamics have been analyzed for decades.The newly-launched Van Allen Probes provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate the inner belt more thoroughly.Data from this advanced mission have allowed scientists to demonstrate that the inner belt was formed not only through inward transport of outer belt electrons but Cosmic Ray Albedo Neutron Decay(CRAND)has also played an important role.In addition,the inner belt electrons show energy-dependent variations and present“zebra stripe”structures in the energy spectrum.At the same time,scientists have further confirmed that the electrons in the inner radiation belt get lost through coulomb collision and wave-particle interaction.Despite these advances,important questions remain unanswered and require further investigation.The launch of Macao Science Satellite-1 mission,with its low inclination angle and low altitude orbit,will provide advanced radiation belt data for better understanding of the structure and dynamics of the inner electron radiation belt.
基金supported by the Key Technology Projects of the China Southern Power Grid Corporation(STKJXM20200059)the Key Support Project of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B20123)。
文摘With the development of green data centers,a large number of Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS)resources in Internet Data Center(IDC)are becoming idle assets owing to their low utilization rate.The revitalization of these idle UPS resources is an urgent problem that must be addressed.Based on the energy storage type of the UPS(EUPS)and using renewable sources,a solution for IDCs is proposed in this study.Subsequently,an EUPS cluster classification method based on the concept of shared mechanism niche(CSMN)was proposed to effectively solve the EUPS control problem.Accordingly,the classified EUPS aggregation unit was used to determine the optimal operation of the IDC.An IDC cost minimization optimization model was established,and the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization(QPSO)algorithm was adopted.Finally,the economy and effectiveness of the three-tier optimization framework and model were verified through three case studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360315)Guangxi Medical and Health Technology Development and Application Project(No.S201629)
文摘Objective: To construct a HepG2 cell line which stably expressing Hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg)and investigate the effects of HBeAg on the proliferation,migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. Methods: The lentivirus carrying HBeAg gene was constructed and packaged. HepG2 cells were infected with the lentivirus and screened with puromycin to obtain HepG2 cells which stably expressing HBeAg(HepG2-HBeAg cells).The expression levels of HBeAg mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively. The content of HBeAg secretion in cell supernatant in both HepG2-HBeAg cells and control cells(HepG2-NC cells and HepG2 cells)were detected by IFMA assay. Furthermore,CCK-8 proliferation assay,colony formation assay and transwell migration and invasion assays were conducted to compare the abilities of cell proliferation,migration and invasion,respectively. Results: The expression of HBeAg in the HepG2-HBeAg cell was significantly higher than those in HepG2 cells and HepG2-NC cells. Secreted HBeAg in the supernatant of HepG2-HBeAg cells was 26. 33±2. 13 PEIU/mL but was undetectable in supernatant of control cells. The proliferation,migration and invasion were all significantly lower in HepG2-HBeAg cells compared to control cells(P<0. 01). Conclusion: A HepG2 cell line which stably expressing HBeAg was constructed successfully,and the over-expression of HBeAg could attenuate the proliferation,migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82100500).
文摘Vascular diseases,including atherosclerosis,aneurysms,and vascular calcification,are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.In past decades,the gut microbiota has been found to be an indispensable population exert-ing effects on hosts under physiological and pathological conditions.Gut microbiota-derived metabolites,such as trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids,mediate these effects by regulating vascular cells systematically.Translation of research knowledge to clinical scenarios has led to the development of new therapies including dietary interventions and metabolite inhibitors.This review describes recent advancements in understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiota and vascular dysfunction,and potential treatments for vascular diseases.
文摘The preschool period is a crucial stage for children’s physical and mental development,and the mental health status during this period directly affects children’s personality shaping and lifelong development.In recent years,China’s preschool education has flourished,with a continuous increase in the enrollment rate of children and an increasing emphasis on mental health education.However,there are still many problems in the current mental health education for preschool children,which urgently requires attention from all sectors of society.This article analyzes the main problems in mental health education for preschool children and proposes corresponding solutions,hoping to provide references for related research.
