Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart valve disease, often accompanied by aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and aortic diseases such as aortic dilation and dissection. ...Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart valve disease, often accompanied by aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and aortic diseases such as aortic dilation and dissection. This article aims to review the definition, pathogenesis and genetic basis, classification methods, clinical features and current status of research and treatment and prognosis of BAV, and provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of BAV. The content and structure of this article are as follows: The first part introduces the definition of BAV;The second part introduces the etiology and classification methods of BAV;The third part briefly describes the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of BAV;The fourth part discusses the treatment strategies and prognosis prediction of BAV;Finally, the article summarizes and looks forward to the future research directions.展开更多
Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-ter...Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health.Currently,several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM.However,the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques,variations in clinical scenarios,and anatomical differences.Therefore,clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed.This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery.It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing,planning,and executing PIKM augmentation procedures,with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells are highly regarded for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and self-renewal abilities.Recently,mesenchymal stem cells have been redefined as“me...Mesenchymal stem cells are highly regarded for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and self-renewal abilities.Recently,mesenchymal stem cells have been redefined as“medical signaling cells,”with their primary biological effects mediated through exosome secretion.These exosomes,which contain lipids,proteins,RNA,and metabolites,are crucial in regulating various biological processes and enhancing regenerative therapies.Exosomes replicate the effects of their parent cells while offering benefits such as reduced side effects,low immunogenicity,excellent biocompatibility,and high drug-loading capacity.Dental stem cells,including those from apical papilla,gingiva,dental pulp,and other sources,are key contributors to exosome-mediated regenerative effects,such as tumor cell apoptosis,neuroprotection,angiogenesis,osteogenesis,and immune modulation.Despite their promise,clinical application of exosomes is limited by challenges in isolation techniques.Current methods face issues of complexity,inefficiency,and insufficient purity,hindering detailed analysis.Recent advancements,such as micro-electromechanical systems,alternating current electroosmosis,and serum-free three-dimensional cell cultures,have improved exosome isolation efficacy.This review synthesizes nearly 200 studies on dental stem cell-derived exosomes,highlighting their potential in treating a wide range of conditions,including periodontal diseases,cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,diabetes,and more.Optimized isolation methods offer a path forward for overcoming current limitations and advancing the clinical use of exosome-based therapies.展开更多
The(2+1)-dimensional integrable generalization of the Gardner(2DG)equation is solved via the inverse scattering transform method in this paper.A kind of general solution of the equation is obtained by introducing long...The(2+1)-dimensional integrable generalization of the Gardner(2DG)equation is solved via the inverse scattering transform method in this paper.A kind of general solution of the equation is obtained by introducing long derivatives V_(x),V_(y),V_(t).Two different constraints on the kernel function K are introduced under the reality of the solution u of the 2DG equation.Then,two classes of exact solutions with constant asymptotic values at infinity u|x^(2)+y^(2)→∞→0 are constructed by means of the∂¯-dressing method for the casesσ=1 andσ=i.The rational and multiple pole solutions of the 2DG equation are obtained with the kernel functions of zero-order and higher-order Dirac delta functions,respectively.展开更多
The(2+1)-dimensional integrable generalization of the Kaup-Kuper-shmidt(KK)equation is solved by the inverse spectral transform method in this paper.Several new long derivative operators V_(x),V_(y) and V_(t) and the ...The(2+1)-dimensional integrable generalization of the Kaup-Kuper-shmidt(KK)equation is solved by the inverse spectral transform method in this paper.Several new long derivative operators V_(x),V_(y) and V_(t) and the kernel functions K of ■-problem are introduced to construct a type of general solution of the KK equation.Based on these,several classes of the new exact solutions,with constant asymptotic values at infinity u|_(x^(2)+y^(2)→∞)→0,for the KK equation are constructed via the-dressing method.展开更多
Mandarin fish(Siniperca scherzeri) has high market prices and significant market potential in China because of its highquality meat and high nutritional value. However, due to the limited scale of aquaculture, meeting...Mandarin fish(Siniperca scherzeri) has high market prices and significant market potential in China because of its highquality meat and high nutritional value. However, due to the limited scale of aquaculture, meeting the market demand is difficult, making the effective development of the aquaculture potential of mandarin fish an important challenge for the industry. In this study, a 30-d breeding experiment was conducted on mandarin fish larvae under three photoperiod conditions: G1 8 h light:16 h dark(8L:16D), G2 12 h light:12 h dark(12L:12D), and G3 16 h light:8 h dark(16L:8D). The results showed that the G2 group exhibited the best growth performance and development status, with final body weights, weight gain rates, and specific growth rates all higher than those of the other two groups(P < 0.05). Observations of sections from each group revealed that the intestinal villi length and muscle thickness of the G2 group were significantly greater than those of the other two groups(P < 0.05). The G2 group inhibited the transcriptional activation of key circadian rhythm genes, including nr1d2a, nr1d1 and per1, while upregulating the expression of BMAL1 in S. scherzeri.The activation of both the insulin signalling pathway and the Fox O signalling pathway enhanced the efficient secretion of insulin, which subsequently played a critical role in regulating fatty acid metabolism. This active fatty acid metabolism provided an optimal energy supply, ensuring that other nutrients were fully utilized during the growth and development process while minimizing unnecessary nutrient loss. Consequently, this mechanism effectively promoted the overall growth and development of S. scherzeri. This study was the first to elucidate the transcriptomic expression patterns of S. scherzeri under varying photoperiod conditions. In response to the cyclic alternation of day and night, S. scherzeri regulated their metabolic levels and the transcriptional activation of downstream target genes via insulin signalling.展开更多
Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized c...Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing(controls)during running on improving running performance.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases(Web of Science,EBSCOhost,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane)for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running,from inception to September 2024.Independent reviewers screened studies,extracted data,appraised risk of bias(RoB 2)and certainty of evidence(Grading of Recommendations Assessments,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)).Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion.Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace,submaximal oxygen uptake,tissue oxygenation,and soft tissue vibration.Randomeffects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates,expressed in standardized mean difference(SMD).Subgroup differences of garment,race type,and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.Results:The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants,of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes.Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.09;p=0.40)or time to exhaustion(SMD=0.04,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.29;p=0.72).Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type,race type,or surface.Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits,although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.15;p<0.01).Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.Conclusion:Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.展开更多
The Informer model leverages its innovative ProbSparse self-attention mechanism to demonstrate significant performance advantages in long-sequence time-series forecasting tasks.However,when confronted with time-series...The Informer model leverages its innovative ProbSparse self-attention mechanism to demonstrate significant performance advantages in long-sequence time-series forecasting tasks.However,when confronted with time-series data exhibiting multi-scale characteristics and substantial noise,the model’s attention mechanism reveals inherent limitations.Specifically,the model is susceptible to interference from local noise or irrelevant patterns,leading to diminished focus on globally critical information and consequently impairing forecasting accuracy.To address this challenge,this study proposes an enhanced architecture that integrates a Gated Attention mechanism into the original Informer framework.This mechanism employs learnable gating functions to dynamically and selectively impose differentiated weighting on crucial temporal segments and discriminative feature dimensions within the input sequence.This adaptive weighting strategy is designed to effectively suppress noise interference while amplifying the capture of core dynamic patterns.Consequently,it substantially strengthens the model’s capability to represent complex temporal dynamics and ultimately elevates its predictive performance.展开更多
Background: Both technical and nontechnical skills are important factors in cardiac emergency incident. The effects of structured framework on these skills have not been thoroughly studied. We hypothesized that struct...Background: Both technical and nontechnical skills are important factors in cardiac emergency incident. The effects of structured framework on these skills have not been thoroughly studied. We hypothesized that structured framework can improve the clinical performance and reduce errors to improve patients’ safety. Methodology: A total of 24 teams composed of cardiac residents, attending surgeons and ICU nurses performed simulated emergency incident tasks in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and tracheal intubation (TI) scenarios. Framework education was introduced to the assigned groups in two separate semesters. All the scenarios were recorded by video for further evaluation by cardiologist and emergency medicine specialist. Clinical performance, time consumption in simulated scenarios, correlation between framework training and nontechnical skills performance were assessed. Results: The average percentages of CPR completed in the Group 1 (G1) with framework education and the Group 2 (G2) were 85% (SEM: 6.20%) and 53% (SEM: 5.77%) respectively (P < 0.001). And the average percentages of TI completed in G2 with framework education was 87% (SEM: 3.96%), higher than G1 (50%, SEM: 5.64%) (P < 0.001). As for time consumption, the mean time to complete CPR in groups with framework education was shorter than in groups without framework education (P o complete TI in groups with framework education was shorter than in groups without framework education (P < 0.005). Further, there was a significant correlation between framework training and communication in simulated scenarios. Conclusion: The framework provides the whole procedure of the task to every participant. Structured framework education can improve nontechnical skills as well as technical skills of doctors and nurses. Further, researches should be conducted to evaluate the clinical performance and correlation between technical skills and nontechnical skills in cardiothoracic training.展开更多
Objective: To clarify the role of the “Three Threes” method in clinical teaching of internal jugular vein puncture and explore improvements in teaching methods. Methods: A doctor was assigned to the induction room o...Objective: To clarify the role of the “Three Threes” method in clinical teaching of internal jugular vein puncture and explore improvements in teaching methods. Methods: A doctor was assigned to the induction room of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) for two months. The time required for catheterization, the first puncture success rate, and occurrence of puncture-related complications were compared before and after learning the “Three Threes” method. Results: Using the “Three Threes” method reduced the catheterization time by 43%, increased the first puncture success rate by 17%, and led to fewer puncture-related complications. Conclusion: The application of the “Three Threes” method not only improves the success rate of internal jugular vein puncture but also reduces complications, making it easier for students to master the technique.展开更多
Background: Pericardial effusion may progress to cardiac tamponade when pressure around the heart increases to a level comparable to that of the right and left atria. Patients with cardiac tamponade need timely comple...Background: Pericardial effusion may progress to cardiac tamponade when pressure around the heart increases to a level comparable to that of the right and left atria. Patients with cardiac tamponade need timely completion of emergency pericardiocentesis to relieve the threat to the patient’s life, and to save valuable time for patients who need emergency thoracotomy and pericardial window drainage. Pericardiocentesis is a necessary clinical skill for residents in standardized training. In addition, nurses who are familiar with this technology can better assist clinicians to perform this operation. In order to make the medical staff quickly master the theoretical knowledge of emergency pericardiocentesis, we designed a “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method for the theoretical teaching of emergency pericardiocentesis. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method in the theoretical teaching of emergency pericardiocentesis. Methods: We used an English teaching video of emergency pericardiocentesis and applied the “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method for theoretical teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the lecture among 19 medical staff of different years of service to understand their mastery of the theoretical content of emergency pericardiocentesis before and after the lecture. According to the years of service, the medical staff were divided into three groups: 1 - 3 years (Group A), 4 - 10 years (Group B), and over 10 years (Group C), and the changes in the mastery of various contents by the overall medical staff and each group were statistically analyzed. Results: Before the lecture, the number of people who mastered the indications, contraindications, most commonly used methods, and common complications of emergency pericardiocentesis were 15, 12, 16, and 17, respectively, whereas after the lecture, these numbers increased to 17, 19, 19, and 19, respectively. The overall mastery before and after the lecture was statistically significant (p Conclusion: The “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method can effectively improve the overall mastery level of medical staff’s theoretical knowledge of emergency pericardiocentesis, especially in improving the mastery of contraindications of this operation.展开更多
Objective：To compare radiofrequency ablation （RFA） or microwave ablation （MWA） and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） with RFA or MWA monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：A pros...Objective：To compare radiofrequency ablation （RFA） or microwave ablation （MWA） and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） with RFA or MWA monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：A prospective,randomized,controlled trial was conducted on 94 patients with HCC ≤7 cm at a single tertiary referral center from June 2008 to June 2010 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University.The patients were randomly assigned into the TACERFA or TACE-MWA （combined treatment group） and the RFA-alone or MWA-alone groups （control group）.The primary end point was overall survival.The secondary end point was recurrence-free survival,and the tertiary end point was adverse effects.Results：Until the time of censor,17 patients in the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group had died.The median follow-up time of the patients who were still alive for the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group was 47.5±11.3 months （range,29 to 62 months）.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival for the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group was 93.6％,68.1％ and 61.7％,respectively.Twenty-five patients in the RFA or MWA group had died.The median follow-up time of the patients who were still alive for the RFA or MWA group was 47.0±12.9 months （range,28 to 62 months）.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival for the RFA or MWA group was 85.1％,59.6％ and 44.7％,respectively.The patients in the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group had better overall survival than the RFA or MWA group [hazard ratio （HR）,0.526; 95％ confidence interval （95％ CO,0.334-0.823; P=0.002],and showed better recurrence-free survival than the RFA or MWA group （HR,0.582; 95％ CI,0.368-0.895; P=0.008）.Conclusions：RFA or MWA combined with TACE in the treatment of HCC ≤7 cm was superior to RFA or MWA alone in improving survival by reducing arterial and portal blood flow due to TACE with iodized oil before RFA.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major global food crops. Hightemperature stress can affect its yield and quality. Studies of the effect of hightemperature stress on wheat kernel development are importa...Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major global food crops. Hightemperature stress can affect its yield and quality. Studies of the effect of hightemperature stress on wheat kernel development are important because they can reveal the stability of wheat quality and lead to the genetic improvement of wheat quality traits. In this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)method was adopted to analyze changes in the protein expression profile of wheat cultivars under high temperature stress. The protein content of wheat grain increased under heat stress, while the SDS-sedimentation value and starch content decreased.Grain filling was deficient under high temperature stress, which reduced thousandkernel weight but did not affect wheat kernel length. The 207 differentially expressed proteins identified in Gaocheng 8901 under heat stress were associated with energy metabolism, growth and development, and stress response. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the annotated proteins that were differentially expressed in Gaocheng 8901 under heat stress were involved mainly in stimulus response, abiotic stress response, stress response, and plasma membrane. A set of 78 differentially expressed proteins were assigned to 83 KEGG signaling/metabolic pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that this set of proteins was significantly enriched in members of 51 pathways, and the proteins participated mainly in protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism, and reaction on ribosomes. Five differentially expressed proteins were involved in protein–protein interaction networks that may greatly influence the yield and quality of wheat grain. In wheat, high-temperature stress leads to a variety of effects on protein expression and may ultimately cause changes in yield and quality.展开更多
Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)has been widely used owing to its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration.To date,few studies have described the antibacterial properties of PRF.Previously,PRF prepared by horizontal centrifu...Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)has been widely used owing to its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration.To date,few studies have described the antibacterial properties of PRF.Previously,PRF prepared by horizontal centrifugation(H-PRF)was shown to contain more immune cells than leukocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin(L-PRF).This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of PRFs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro and to determine whether the antibacterial effects correlated with the number of immune cells.Blood samples were obtained from eight healthy donors to prepare L-PRF and H-PRF.The sizes and weights of L-PRF and H-PRF were first evaluated,and their antibacterial effects against S.aureus and E.coli were then tested in vitro using the inhibition ring and plate-counting test methods.Flow-cytometric analysis of the cell components of L-PRF and H-PRF was also performed.No significant differences in size or weight were observed between the L-PRF and H-PRF groups.The H-PRF group contained more leukocytes than the L-PRF group.While both PRFs had notable antimicrobial activity against S.aureus and E.coli,H-PRF demonstrated a significantly better antibacterial effect than L-PRF.Furthermore,the antimicrobial ability of the PRF solid was less efficient than that of wet PRF.In conclusion,H-PRF exhibited better antibacterial activity than L-PRF,which might have been attributed to having more immune cells.展开更多
A prominent example of seasonal phenotypic flexibility is the winter increase in thermogenic capacity （=summit metabolism, Msurn） in small birds, which is often accompanied by increases in pectoralis muscle mass and...A prominent example of seasonal phenotypic flexibility is the winter increase in thermogenic capacity （=summit metabolism, Msurn） in small birds, which is often accompanied by increases in pectoralis muscle mass and lipid catabolic capacity. Temperature or photoperiod may be drivers of the winter phenotype, but their relative impacts on muscle remodeling or lipid transport pathways are little known. We examined photoperiod and temperature effects on pectoralis muscle expres- sion of myostatin, a muscle growth inhibitor, and its tolloid-like protein activators （TLL-1 and TLL- 2）, and sarcolemmal and intracellular lipid transporters in dark-eyed juncos Junco hyemalis. We acclimated winter juncos to four temperature （3~C or 24~C） and photoperiod [short-day （SD） = 8L：16D; long-day （LD） = 16L：8D] treatments. We found that myostatin, TLL-I, TLL-2, and lipid transporter mRNA expression and myostatin protein expression did not differ among treatments, but treatments interacted to influence lipid transporter proteinexpression. Fatty acid translocase （FAT/CD36） levels were higher for cold SD than for other treatments. Membrane-bound fatty acid binding protein （FABPpm） levels, however, were higher for the cold LD treatment than for cold SD and warm LD treatments. Cytosolic fatty acid binding protein （FABPc） levels were higher on LD than on SD at 3℃, but higher on SD than on LD at 24℃. Cold temperature groups showed upregulation of these lipid transporters, which could contribute to elevated Msum compared to warm groups on the same photoperiod. However, interactions of temperature or photoperiod effects on muscle remodeling and lipid transport pathways suggest that these effects are context-dependent.展开更多
文摘Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart valve disease, often accompanied by aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation, infective endocarditis, and aortic diseases such as aortic dilation and dissection. This article aims to review the definition, pathogenesis and genetic basis, classification methods, clinical features and current status of research and treatment and prognosis of BAV, and provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of BAV. The content and structure of this article are as follows: The first part introduces the definition of BAV;The second part introduces the etiology and classification methods of BAV;The third part briefly describes the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of BAV;The fourth part discusses the treatment strategies and prognosis prediction of BAV;Finally, the article summarizes and looks forward to the future research directions.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(grant number:25NSFSC0265).
文摘Peri-implant keratinized mucosa(PIKM)augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM.Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health.Currently,several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM.However,the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques,variations in clinical scenarios,and anatomical differences.Therefore,clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed.This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery.It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing,planning,and executing PIKM augmentation procedures,with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells are highly regarded for their potential in tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to their multipotency and self-renewal abilities.Recently,mesenchymal stem cells have been redefined as“medical signaling cells,”with their primary biological effects mediated through exosome secretion.These exosomes,which contain lipids,proteins,RNA,and metabolites,are crucial in regulating various biological processes and enhancing regenerative therapies.Exosomes replicate the effects of their parent cells while offering benefits such as reduced side effects,low immunogenicity,excellent biocompatibility,and high drug-loading capacity.Dental stem cells,including those from apical papilla,gingiva,dental pulp,and other sources,are key contributors to exosome-mediated regenerative effects,such as tumor cell apoptosis,neuroprotection,angiogenesis,osteogenesis,and immune modulation.Despite their promise,clinical application of exosomes is limited by challenges in isolation techniques.Current methods face issues of complexity,inefficiency,and insufficient purity,hindering detailed analysis.Recent advancements,such as micro-electromechanical systems,alternating current electroosmosis,and serum-free three-dimensional cell cultures,have improved exosome isolation efficacy.This review synthesizes nearly 200 studies on dental stem cell-derived exosomes,highlighting their potential in treating a wide range of conditions,including periodontal diseases,cancer,neurodegenerative disorders,diabetes,and more.Optimized isolation methods offer a path forward for overcoming current limitations and advancing the clinical use of exosome-based therapies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1237125611971475)。
文摘The(2+1)-dimensional integrable generalization of the Gardner(2DG)equation is solved via the inverse scattering transform method in this paper.A kind of general solution of the equation is obtained by introducing long derivatives V_(x),V_(y),V_(t).Two different constraints on the kernel function K are introduced under the reality of the solution u of the 2DG equation.Then,two classes of exact solutions with constant asymptotic values at infinity u|x^(2)+y^(2)→∞→0 are constructed by means of the∂¯-dressing method for the casesσ=1 andσ=i.The rational and multiple pole solutions of the 2DG equation are obtained with the kernel functions of zero-order and higher-order Dirac delta functions,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12371256,11971475).
文摘The(2+1)-dimensional integrable generalization of the Kaup-Kuper-shmidt(KK)equation is solved by the inverse spectral transform method in this paper.Several new long derivative operators V_(x),V_(y) and V_(t) and the kernel functions K of ■-problem are introduced to construct a type of general solution of the KK equation.Based on these,several classes of the new exact solutions,with constant asymptotic values at infinity u|_(x^(2)+y^(2)→∞)→0,for the KK equation are constructed via the-dressing method.
基金The Science and Technology Plan of Dalian under contract Nos 2023RO058 and 2022RQ060the Liaoning Province Natural Science Planning Fund Project under contract No. 2022-BS-273+1 种基金the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Basic Research Project under contract No. LJKQZ20222357the Discipline Construction Funding for Marine Science Subject of Dalian Ocean University。
文摘Mandarin fish(Siniperca scherzeri) has high market prices and significant market potential in China because of its highquality meat and high nutritional value. However, due to the limited scale of aquaculture, meeting the market demand is difficult, making the effective development of the aquaculture potential of mandarin fish an important challenge for the industry. In this study, a 30-d breeding experiment was conducted on mandarin fish larvae under three photoperiod conditions: G1 8 h light:16 h dark(8L:16D), G2 12 h light:12 h dark(12L:12D), and G3 16 h light:8 h dark(16L:8D). The results showed that the G2 group exhibited the best growth performance and development status, with final body weights, weight gain rates, and specific growth rates all higher than those of the other two groups(P < 0.05). Observations of sections from each group revealed that the intestinal villi length and muscle thickness of the G2 group were significantly greater than those of the other two groups(P < 0.05). The G2 group inhibited the transcriptional activation of key circadian rhythm genes, including nr1d2a, nr1d1 and per1, while upregulating the expression of BMAL1 in S. scherzeri.The activation of both the insulin signalling pathway and the Fox O signalling pathway enhanced the efficient secretion of insulin, which subsequently played a critical role in regulating fatty acid metabolism. This active fatty acid metabolism provided an optimal energy supply, ensuring that other nutrients were fully utilized during the growth and development process while minimizing unnecessary nutrient loss. Consequently, this mechanism effectively promoted the overall growth and development of S. scherzeri. This study was the first to elucidate the transcriptomic expression patterns of S. scherzeri under varying photoperiod conditions. In response to the cyclic alternation of day and night, S. scherzeri regulated their metabolic levels and the transcriptional activation of downstream target genes via insulin signalling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC11932013)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3805800).
文摘Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing(controls)during running on improving running performance.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases(Web of Science,EBSCOhost,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane)for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running,from inception to September 2024.Independent reviewers screened studies,extracted data,appraised risk of bias(RoB 2)and certainty of evidence(Grading of Recommendations Assessments,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)).Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion.Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace,submaximal oxygen uptake,tissue oxygenation,and soft tissue vibration.Randomeffects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates,expressed in standardized mean difference(SMD).Subgroup differences of garment,race type,and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.Results:The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants,of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes.Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.09;p=0.40)or time to exhaustion(SMD=0.04,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.29;p=0.72).Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type,race type,or surface.Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits,although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.15;p<0.01).Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.Conclusion:Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.
文摘The Informer model leverages its innovative ProbSparse self-attention mechanism to demonstrate significant performance advantages in long-sequence time-series forecasting tasks.However,when confronted with time-series data exhibiting multi-scale characteristics and substantial noise,the model’s attention mechanism reveals inherent limitations.Specifically,the model is susceptible to interference from local noise or irrelevant patterns,leading to diminished focus on globally critical information and consequently impairing forecasting accuracy.To address this challenge,this study proposes an enhanced architecture that integrates a Gated Attention mechanism into the original Informer framework.This mechanism employs learnable gating functions to dynamically and selectively impose differentiated weighting on crucial temporal segments and discriminative feature dimensions within the input sequence.This adaptive weighting strategy is designed to effectively suppress noise interference while amplifying the capture of core dynamic patterns.Consequently,it substantially strengthens the model’s capability to represent complex temporal dynamics and ultimately elevates its predictive performance.
文摘Background: Both technical and nontechnical skills are important factors in cardiac emergency incident. The effects of structured framework on these skills have not been thoroughly studied. We hypothesized that structured framework can improve the clinical performance and reduce errors to improve patients’ safety. Methodology: A total of 24 teams composed of cardiac residents, attending surgeons and ICU nurses performed simulated emergency incident tasks in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and tracheal intubation (TI) scenarios. Framework education was introduced to the assigned groups in two separate semesters. All the scenarios were recorded by video for further evaluation by cardiologist and emergency medicine specialist. Clinical performance, time consumption in simulated scenarios, correlation between framework training and nontechnical skills performance were assessed. Results: The average percentages of CPR completed in the Group 1 (G1) with framework education and the Group 2 (G2) were 85% (SEM: 6.20%) and 53% (SEM: 5.77%) respectively (P < 0.001). And the average percentages of TI completed in G2 with framework education was 87% (SEM: 3.96%), higher than G1 (50%, SEM: 5.64%) (P < 0.001). As for time consumption, the mean time to complete CPR in groups with framework education was shorter than in groups without framework education (P o complete TI in groups with framework education was shorter than in groups without framework education (P < 0.005). Further, there was a significant correlation between framework training and communication in simulated scenarios. Conclusion: The framework provides the whole procedure of the task to every participant. Structured framework education can improve nontechnical skills as well as technical skills of doctors and nurses. Further, researches should be conducted to evaluate the clinical performance and correlation between technical skills and nontechnical skills in cardiothoracic training.
文摘Objective: To clarify the role of the “Three Threes” method in clinical teaching of internal jugular vein puncture and explore improvements in teaching methods. Methods: A doctor was assigned to the induction room of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) for two months. The time required for catheterization, the first puncture success rate, and occurrence of puncture-related complications were compared before and after learning the “Three Threes” method. Results: Using the “Three Threes” method reduced the catheterization time by 43%, increased the first puncture success rate by 17%, and led to fewer puncture-related complications. Conclusion: The application of the “Three Threes” method not only improves the success rate of internal jugular vein puncture but also reduces complications, making it easier for students to master the technique.
文摘Background: Pericardial effusion may progress to cardiac tamponade when pressure around the heart increases to a level comparable to that of the right and left atria. Patients with cardiac tamponade need timely completion of emergency pericardiocentesis to relieve the threat to the patient’s life, and to save valuable time for patients who need emergency thoracotomy and pericardial window drainage. Pericardiocentesis is a necessary clinical skill for residents in standardized training. In addition, nurses who are familiar with this technology can better assist clinicians to perform this operation. In order to make the medical staff quickly master the theoretical knowledge of emergency pericardiocentesis, we designed a “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method for the theoretical teaching of emergency pericardiocentesis. Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method in the theoretical teaching of emergency pericardiocentesis. Methods: We used an English teaching video of emergency pericardiocentesis and applied the “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method for theoretical teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the lecture among 19 medical staff of different years of service to understand their mastery of the theoretical content of emergency pericardiocentesis before and after the lecture. According to the years of service, the medical staff were divided into three groups: 1 - 3 years (Group A), 4 - 10 years (Group B), and over 10 years (Group C), and the changes in the mastery of various contents by the overall medical staff and each group were statistically analyzed. Results: Before the lecture, the number of people who mastered the indications, contraindications, most commonly used methods, and common complications of emergency pericardiocentesis were 15, 12, 16, and 17, respectively, whereas after the lecture, these numbers increased to 17, 19, 19, and 19, respectively. The overall mastery before and after the lecture was statistically significant (p Conclusion: The “1 + 1 + 1” teaching method can effectively improve the overall mastery level of medical staff’s theoretical knowledge of emergency pericardiocentesis, especially in improving the mastery of contraindications of this operation.
文摘Objective：To compare radiofrequency ablation （RFA） or microwave ablation （MWA） and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） with RFA or MWA monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）.Methods：A prospective,randomized,controlled trial was conducted on 94 patients with HCC ≤7 cm at a single tertiary referral center from June 2008 to June 2010 at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University.The patients were randomly assigned into the TACERFA or TACE-MWA （combined treatment group） and the RFA-alone or MWA-alone groups （control group）.The primary end point was overall survival.The secondary end point was recurrence-free survival,and the tertiary end point was adverse effects.Results：Until the time of censor,17 patients in the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group had died.The median follow-up time of the patients who were still alive for the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group was 47.5±11.3 months （range,29 to 62 months）.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival for the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group was 93.6％,68.1％ and 61.7％,respectively.Twenty-five patients in the RFA or MWA group had died.The median follow-up time of the patients who were still alive for the RFA or MWA group was 47.0±12.9 months （range,28 to 62 months）.The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival for the RFA or MWA group was 85.1％,59.6％ and 44.7％,respectively.The patients in the TACE-RFA or TACE-MWA group had better overall survival than the RFA or MWA group [hazard ratio （HR）,0.526; 95％ confidence interval （95％ CO,0.334-0.823; P=0.002],and showed better recurrence-free survival than the RFA or MWA group （HR,0.582; 95％ CI,0.368-0.895; P=0.008）.Conclusions：RFA or MWA combined with TACE in the treatment of HCC ≤7 cm was superior to RFA or MWA alone in improving survival by reducing arterial and portal blood flow due to TACE with iodized oil before RFA.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100502)
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major global food crops. Hightemperature stress can affect its yield and quality. Studies of the effect of hightemperature stress on wheat kernel development are important because they can reveal the stability of wheat quality and lead to the genetic improvement of wheat quality traits. In this study, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)method was adopted to analyze changes in the protein expression profile of wheat cultivars under high temperature stress. The protein content of wheat grain increased under heat stress, while the SDS-sedimentation value and starch content decreased.Grain filling was deficient under high temperature stress, which reduced thousandkernel weight but did not affect wheat kernel length. The 207 differentially expressed proteins identified in Gaocheng 8901 under heat stress were associated with energy metabolism, growth and development, and stress response. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that the annotated proteins that were differentially expressed in Gaocheng 8901 under heat stress were involved mainly in stimulus response, abiotic stress response, stress response, and plasma membrane. A set of 78 differentially expressed proteins were assigned to 83 KEGG signaling/metabolic pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that this set of proteins was significantly enriched in members of 51 pathways, and the proteins participated mainly in protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, starch and sucrose metabolism, and reaction on ribosomes. Five differentially expressed proteins were involved in protein–protein interaction networks that may greatly influence the yield and quality of wheat grain. In wheat, high-temperature stress leads to a variety of effects on protein expression and may ultimately cause changes in yield and quality.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771050).
文摘Platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)has been widely used owing to its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration.To date,few studies have described the antibacterial properties of PRF.Previously,PRF prepared by horizontal centrifugation(H-PRF)was shown to contain more immune cells than leukocyte-and platelet-rich fibrin(L-PRF).This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of PRFs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro and to determine whether the antibacterial effects correlated with the number of immune cells.Blood samples were obtained from eight healthy donors to prepare L-PRF and H-PRF.The sizes and weights of L-PRF and H-PRF were first evaluated,and their antibacterial effects against S.aureus and E.coli were then tested in vitro using the inhibition ring and plate-counting test methods.Flow-cytometric analysis of the cell components of L-PRF and H-PRF was also performed.No significant differences in size or weight were observed between the L-PRF and H-PRF groups.The H-PRF group contained more leukocytes than the L-PRF group.While both PRFs had notable antimicrobial activity against S.aureus and E.coli,H-PRF demonstrated a significantly better antibacterial effect than L-PRF.Furthermore,the antimicrobial ability of the PRF solid was less efficient than that of wet PRF.In conclusion,H-PRF exhibited better antibacterial activity than L-PRF,which might have been attributed to having more immune cells.
文摘A prominent example of seasonal phenotypic flexibility is the winter increase in thermogenic capacity （=summit metabolism, Msurn） in small birds, which is often accompanied by increases in pectoralis muscle mass and lipid catabolic capacity. Temperature or photoperiod may be drivers of the winter phenotype, but their relative impacts on muscle remodeling or lipid transport pathways are little known. We examined photoperiod and temperature effects on pectoralis muscle expres- sion of myostatin, a muscle growth inhibitor, and its tolloid-like protein activators （TLL-1 and TLL- 2）, and sarcolemmal and intracellular lipid transporters in dark-eyed juncos Junco hyemalis. We acclimated winter juncos to four temperature （3~C or 24~C） and photoperiod [short-day （SD） = 8L：16D; long-day （LD） = 16L：8D] treatments. We found that myostatin, TLL-I, TLL-2, and lipid transporter mRNA expression and myostatin protein expression did not differ among treatments, but treatments interacted to influence lipid transporter proteinexpression. Fatty acid translocase （FAT/CD36） levels were higher for cold SD than for other treatments. Membrane-bound fatty acid binding protein （FABPpm） levels, however, were higher for the cold LD treatment than for cold SD and warm LD treatments. Cytosolic fatty acid binding protein （FABPc） levels were higher on LD than on SD at 3℃, but higher on SD than on LD at 24℃. Cold temperature groups showed upregulation of these lipid transporters, which could contribute to elevated Msum compared to warm groups on the same photoperiod. However, interactions of temperature or photoperiod effects on muscle remodeling and lipid transport pathways suggest that these effects are context-dependent.
