Using four satellite data sets(TOMS/SBUV, OMI, MLS, and HALOE), we analyze the seasonal variations of the total column ozone(TCO) and its zonal deviation(TCO*), and reveal the vertical structure of the Ozone Low(OV) o...Using four satellite data sets(TOMS/SBUV, OMI, MLS, and HALOE), we analyze the seasonal variations of the total column ozone(TCO) and its zonal deviation(TCO*), and reveal the vertical structure of the Ozone Low(OV) over the Asian continent. Our principal findings are:(1) The TCO over the Asian continent reaches its maximum in the spring and its minimum in the autumn. The Ozone Low exists from May to September.(2) The Ozone Low has two negative cores, located in the lower and the upper stratosphere. The lower core is near 30 hPa in the winter and 70 hPa in the other seasons. The upper core varies from 10 hPa to 1 hPa among the four seasons.(3)The position of the Ozone Low in the lower and the upper stratosphere over the Asian continent shows seasonal variability.展开更多
With the rapid development of satellite observation technology,relatively accurate estimates of the energy budget at the top of the earth’s atmosphere have become achievable.However,at the earth’s surface,the estima...With the rapid development of satellite observation technology,relatively accurate estimates of the energy budget at the top of the earth’s atmosphere have become achievable.However,at the earth’s surface,the estimation error in the energy balance is still formidable.Among the various components contributing to the energy imbalance estimation at the earth’s surface,downward shortwave solar radiation,termed as surface solar radiation(SSR)herein,represents one of the most important sources of error.SSR is not only important for simulating land surface processes,but also serves as a key indicator for the utilization of renewable solar photovoltaic energy.Therefore,accurate observation of SSR is crutial for surface energy balance calculation and related applications.At the same time,longterm variations of SSR have always been a major concern across various fields.This review starts with a comparison of existing SSR observational products,discusses the bias and uncertainty issues in the long-term variations of SSR,and clarifies the importance of developing high-quality SSR baseline data products.Then,the present paper introduces a series of studies in recent years,which,based on the most complete SSR station data to date,systematically examined the inhomogeneity and sampling problems,performed systematic homogenization processing and artificial intelligence(AI)reconstruction on station series,and estimated the long-term variations and uncertainty levels of SSRs at global and regional scales.These studies offer new evidence for global and regional climate change observation,detection,attribution,and future projection.Finally,the paper presents an outlook on the existing and future challenges in the research on SSR data and the SSR long-term variations.展开更多
Trend uncertainty in the ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau（OVTP）and the South Asian high（SAH）during1979–2009 in ERA-Interim（interim reanalysis data from the ECMWF）,JRA-55（55-yr reanalysis data from the Jap...Trend uncertainty in the ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau（OVTP）and the South Asian high（SAH）during1979–2009 in ERA-Interim（interim reanalysis data from the ECMWF）,JRA-55（55-yr reanalysis data from the Japan Meteorological Agency）,and NCEP-CFSR（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）datasets was evaluated.The results showed that the NCEP-CFSR OVTP became strong in the summers of 1979–2009,whereas it became weak according to ERA-Interim and JRA-55.Satellite data merged with TOMS（Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer）and OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）agreed with the OVTP trend of NCEP-CFSR.The OVTP strengthening in NCEP-CFSR may have been caused by SAH intensification,a rising tropopause,and increasing ozone over non-TP（non-Tibetan Plateau）areas（27°–37°N,〈75°E and〉105°E）.Analogously,the OVTP weakening in ERA-Interim and JRA-55 may have been affected by weakening SAH,descending tropopause,and decreasing non-TP ozone.展开更多
Wastewater produced in beryllium mining seriously affects ecological balance and causes great environmental pressure.We designed a novel porous lotus leaf biochar modified with PO_(4)^(3−)/NH_(4)^(+)multifunctional gr...Wastewater produced in beryllium mining seriously affects ecological balance and causes great environmental pressure.We designed a novel porous lotus leaf biochar modified with PO_(4)^(3−)/NH_(4)^(+)multifunctional groups(MLLB)and used it for beryllium(Be)removal from beryllium mining wastewater.Kinetic and thermodynamic experiments showed that the adsorption capacity(Qe)of Be with MLLB from the simulated beryllium mining wastewater could reach 40.38 g kg^(−1)(35℃,pH=5.5),and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The dispersion coefficient Kd of Be with MLLB was 2.6×10^(4)mL g^(−1),which proved that MLLB had strong selective adsorption capacity for Be.Phosphoric acid,ammonia,and hydroxyl groups on the MLLB surface would complex with Be to form Be(OH)_(2)and Be(NH_(4))PO_(4)complexation products,which implied that surface complexation and precipitation reactions might co-existed in the adsorption process.The above results showed that MLLB could effectively adsorb Be and prevent beryllium exposure in a beryllium mining process.展开更多
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China (91537213, 91837311, 41675039, 41875048)
文摘Using four satellite data sets(TOMS/SBUV, OMI, MLS, and HALOE), we analyze the seasonal variations of the total column ozone(TCO) and its zonal deviation(TCO*), and reveal the vertical structure of the Ozone Low(OV) over the Asian continent. Our principal findings are:(1) The TCO over the Asian continent reaches its maximum in the spring and its minimum in the autumn. The Ozone Low exists from May to September.(2) The Ozone Low has two negative cores, located in the lower and the upper stratosphere. The lower core is near 30 hPa in the winter and 70 hPa in the other seasons. The upper core varies from 10 hPa to 1 hPa among the four seasons.(3)The position of the Ozone Low in the lower and the upper stratosphere over the Asian continent shows seasonal variability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42375022)Guangdong Meteorological Bureau Science and Technology General Project(GRMC2023M53)。
文摘With the rapid development of satellite observation technology,relatively accurate estimates of the energy budget at the top of the earth’s atmosphere have become achievable.However,at the earth’s surface,the estimation error in the energy balance is still formidable.Among the various components contributing to the energy imbalance estimation at the earth’s surface,downward shortwave solar radiation,termed as surface solar radiation(SSR)herein,represents one of the most important sources of error.SSR is not only important for simulating land surface processes,but also serves as a key indicator for the utilization of renewable solar photovoltaic energy.Therefore,accurate observation of SSR is crutial for surface energy balance calculation and related applications.At the same time,longterm variations of SSR have always been a major concern across various fields.This review starts with a comparison of existing SSR observational products,discusses the bias and uncertainty issues in the long-term variations of SSR,and clarifies the importance of developing high-quality SSR baseline data products.Then,the present paper introduces a series of studies in recent years,which,based on the most complete SSR station data to date,systematically examined the inhomogeneity and sampling problems,performed systematic homogenization processing and artificial intelligence(AI)reconstruction on station series,and estimated the long-term variations and uncertainty levels of SSRs at global and regional scales.These studies offer new evidence for global and regional climate change observation,detection,attribution,and future projection.Finally,the paper presents an outlook on the existing and future challenges in the research on SSR data and the SSR long-term variations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41305039,41675039,91537213,41375047,41375092,41475140,41641042,and 41575057)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Trend uncertainty in the ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau（OVTP）and the South Asian high（SAH）during1979–2009 in ERA-Interim（interim reanalysis data from the ECMWF）,JRA-55（55-yr reanalysis data from the Japan Meteorological Agency）,and NCEP-CFSR（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）datasets was evaluated.The results showed that the NCEP-CFSR OVTP became strong in the summers of 1979–2009,whereas it became weak according to ERA-Interim and JRA-55.Satellite data merged with TOMS（Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer）and OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）agreed with the OVTP trend of NCEP-CFSR.The OVTP strengthening in NCEP-CFSR may have been caused by SAH intensification,a rising tropopause,and increasing ozone over non-TP（non-Tibetan Plateau）areas（27°–37°N,〈75°E and〉105°E）.Analogously,the OVTP weakening in ERA-Interim and JRA-55 may have been affected by weakening SAH,descending tropopause,and decreasing non-TP ozone.
基金Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China,2019YFC1907701Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China,22B0440The National Natural Science Foundation of China,52204363.
文摘Wastewater produced in beryllium mining seriously affects ecological balance and causes great environmental pressure.We designed a novel porous lotus leaf biochar modified with PO_(4)^(3−)/NH_(4)^(+)multifunctional groups(MLLB)and used it for beryllium(Be)removal from beryllium mining wastewater.Kinetic and thermodynamic experiments showed that the adsorption capacity(Qe)of Be with MLLB from the simulated beryllium mining wastewater could reach 40.38 g kg^(−1)(35℃,pH=5.5),and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.The dispersion coefficient Kd of Be with MLLB was 2.6×10^(4)mL g^(−1),which proved that MLLB had strong selective adsorption capacity for Be.Phosphoric acid,ammonia,and hydroxyl groups on the MLLB surface would complex with Be to form Be(OH)_(2)and Be(NH_(4))PO_(4)complexation products,which implied that surface complexation and precipitation reactions might co-existed in the adsorption process.The above results showed that MLLB could effectively adsorb Be and prevent beryllium exposure in a beryllium mining process.
