Lithium metal anode is the ideal candidate for high-energy–density rechargeable batteries.However,uncontrolled dendrite growth hampers its commercialization.Herein,a dendrite-free composite Li metal anode is realized...Lithium metal anode is the ideal candidate for high-energy–density rechargeable batteries.However,uncontrolled dendrite growth hampers its commercialization.Herein,a dendrite-free composite Li metal anode is realized by a flexible,freestanding,well-aligned and highly-lithiophilic MXene paper designed by a facile electrostatic self-assembly of the exfoliated MXene nanosheets and natural polysaccharidechitosan (MX@CS).The MX@CS paper gets a well-aligned layered-3D structure with a micro-crumpled surface that can effectively decrease the local current density,guide even Li plating and suppress dendritic Li growth.More importantly,surface-adsorbed chitosan endows enhanced lithiophilicity for MXene substrate and thus reduces the Li nucleation overpotential,which is confirmed by the density functional theory calculations.Abundant lithiophilic groups on MX@CS surface provide highconcentration Li^(+)anchoring site promoting Li nucleation and laterally inducing uniform Li deposition,which effectively avoids the formation of dendritic Li.As a result,the MX@CS-Li anode with a dendrite-free Li morphology shows a significantly improved cycling life in commercial carbonatebased electrolyte.When coupled with LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode,the full cell exhibits a low capacity decay and steady ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%at a current density of 5C.These findings develop a new approach for designing high-performance metal-based rechargeable batteries.展开更多
Metallic sodium(Na)is believed to be a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its low electrochemical potential,high theoretical specific capacity,superior electrical conductivity,and so on.Howe...Metallic sodium(Na)is believed to be a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its low electrochemical potential,high theoretical specific capacity,superior electrical conductivity,and so on.However,issues such as high chemical activity,the growth of Na dendrites,large volume change,and unstable interface impede its practical application.We design a cheap iron(Fe)-based substrate decorated by a thin liquid metal Ga layer for stable and dendrite-free Na metal anodes in low-cost carbonate electrolytes.The inherent mechanism of Ga-based liquid metal in inhibiting the growth of Na dendrites was revealed for the first time.Liquid metal Ga with sodiophilic property can act as nucleation seeds to decrease the nucleation barrier and induce homogeneous Na+flux,resulting in uniform and dendrite-free Na deposition.Full cells with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) cathode were also assembled to verify the practical application ability of the modified Na metal anode.Under the regulation of the liquid metal layer,the Coulombic efficiency,cycling life,and capacity of batteries are obviously enhanced.The strategy proposed here cannot only reduce the cost of batteries but also improve their electrochemical and safety performance.展开更多
Over the past two decades,femtosecond laser-induced periodic structures(femtosecond-LIPSs)have become ubiquitous in a variety of materials,including metals,semiconductors,dielectrics,and polymers.Femtosecond-LIPSs hav...Over the past two decades,femtosecond laser-induced periodic structures(femtosecond-LIPSs)have become ubiquitous in a variety of materials,including metals,semiconductors,dielectrics,and polymers.Femtosecond-LIPSs have become a useful laser processing method,with broad prospects in adjusting material properties such as structural color,data storage,light absorption,and luminescence.This review discusses the formation mechanism of LIPSs,specifically the LIPS formation processes based on the pump-probe imaging method.The pulse shaping of a femtosecond laser in terms of the time/frequency,polarization,and spatial distribution is an efficient method for fabricating high-quality LIPSs.Various LIPS applications are also briefly introduced.The last part of this paper discusses the LIPS formation mechanism,as well as the high-efficiency and high-quality processing of LIPSs using shaped ultrafast lasers and their applications.展开更多
Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than t...Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than the diffraction limit,making it a useful method for efficient nanomanufacturing.However,compared with the low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL),the structure size of the HSFL is smaller,and it is more easily submerged.Therefore,the formation mechanism of HSFL is complex and has always been a research hotspot in this field.In this study,regular LSFL with a period of 760 nm was fabricated in advance on a silicon surface with two-beam interference using an 800 nm,50 fs femtosecond laser.The ultrafast dynamics of HSFL formation on the silicon surface of prefabricated LSFL under single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation were observed and analyzed for the first time using collinear pump-probe imaging method.In general,the evolution of the surface structure undergoes five sequential stages:the LSFL begins to split,becomes uniform HSFL,degenerates into an irregular LSFL,undergoes secondary splitting into a weakly uniform HSFL,and evolves into an irregular LSFL or is submerged.The results indicate that the local enhancement of the submerged nanocavity,or the nanoplasma,in the prefabricated LSFL ridge led to the splitting of the LSFL,and the thermodynamic effect drove the homogenization of the splitting LSFL,which evolved into HSFL.展开更多
This paper reports the fabrication of regular large-area laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSSs)in indium tin oxide(ITO)films via femtosecond laser direct writing focused by a cylindrical lens.The regular LI...This paper reports the fabrication of regular large-area laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSSs)in indium tin oxide(ITO)films via femtosecond laser direct writing focused by a cylindrical lens.The regular LIPSSs exhibited good properties as nanowires,with a resistivity almost equal to that of the initial ITO film.By changing the laser fluence,the nanowire resistances could be tuned from 15 to 73 kΩ/mm with a consistency of±10%.Furthermore,the average transmittance of the ITO films with regular LIPSSs in the range of 1200-2000 nm was improved from 21%to 60%.The regular LIPSS is promising for transparent electrodes of nano-optoelectronic devices-particularly in the near-infrared band.展开更多
介绍了基于船舶产品数据管理PDM(Product Data Management)船体分系统的船体搭载焊缝可视化派工模块程序设计及应用的研究,通过完整的焊缝派工管理体系和数字化管理平台,实现了船体焊缝可视化派工,大大提升了派工的效率,对劳动力的平衡...介绍了基于船舶产品数据管理PDM(Product Data Management)船体分系统的船体搭载焊缝可视化派工模块程序设计及应用的研究,通过完整的焊缝派工管理体系和数字化管理平台,实现了船体焊缝可视化派工,大大提升了派工的效率,对劳动力的平衡和生产管理起到了很大的作用。展开更多
The reaction of Cl atoms with two C5aldehydes(3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal)were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum(PTR-MS)using smog chamber at 298±1 K and 760 Torr.A relative rate m...The reaction of Cl atoms with two C5aldehydes(3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal)were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum(PTR-MS)using smog chamber at 298±1 K and 760 Torr.A relative rate method was used to determine the rate constants of the title reactions with m-xylene and trans-2-butene as reference compounds:(3.04±0.18)×10^(-10)and(2.07±0.14)×10^(-10)cm^(3)/(molecule·sec)for 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal,respectively.Additionally,the gas-phase products were also identified by PTR-MS,and the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed basing on the identified products.The detected gas-phase products are similar for two C5aldehydes reactions,mainly including small molecules of aldehydes,ketones and chlorinated aldehyde compounds.The atmospheric lifetimes(τ)calculated for 3-methyl-2-butenal(τ=7.0 hr,marine boundary layer(MBL))and 3-methylbutanal(τ=10.3 hr,MBL)according to the obtained rate constants.The results indicate that Cl atoms at MBL are competitive with OH radicals for the degradation contribution of C5aldehyde compounds.展开更多
The large accumulation of coal gangue,a common industrial solid waste,causes severe environmental problems,and green development strategies are required to transform this waste into high-value-added products.In this s...The large accumulation of coal gangue,a common industrial solid waste,causes severe environmental problems,and green development strategies are required to transform this waste into high-value-added products.In this study,low-cost ceramsites adsorbents were prepared from waste gangue,silt coal,and peanut shells and applied to remove the organic dye methylene blue from wastewater.We investigated the microstructure of ceramsites and the effects of the sintering atmosphere,sintering temperature,and solution pH on their adsorption performance.The ceramsites sintered at 800℃under a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited the largest three-dimensional-interconnected hierarchical porous structure among the prepared ceramsites;further,it exhibited the highest methylene blue adsorption performance,with an adsorption capacity of 0.954 mg·g^(−1),adsorption efficiency of over 95%,and adsorption equilibrium time of 1 h at a solution pH of 9.The removal efficiency remained greater than 75%after five adsorption cycles.The adsorption kinetics data were analyzed using various models,including the pseudosecond-order kinetic model and Langmuir equation,and the adsorption was attributed to electrostatic interactions between the dyes and ceramsites,n-interactions,and hydrogen bonds.The prepared coal gangue ceramsites exhibited excellent adsorption capacities,removal rates,and cyclic stabilities,demonstrating their promising application prospects for the comprehensive utilization of solid waste and for wastewater treatment.展开更多
Lithium metal(Li)is believed to be the ultimate anode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to the advantages of high theoretical capacity,the lowest electrochemical potential,and light weight.Nevertheless,issues such ...Lithium metal(Li)is believed to be the ultimate anode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to the advantages of high theoretical capacity,the lowest electrochemical potential,and light weight.Nevertheless,issues such as uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites,large volume changes,high chemical reactivity,and unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)hinder its rapid development and practical application.Herein a stable and dendrite-free Li-metal anode is obtained by designing a flexible and freestanding MXene/COF framework for metallic Li.COF-LZU1 microspheres are distributed among the MXene film framework.Lithiophilic COF-LZU1 microspheres as nucleation seeds can promote uniform Li nucleation by homogenizing the Li^(+)flux and lowering the nucleation barrier,finally resulting in dense and dendrite-free Li deposition.Under the regulation of the COF-LZU1 seeds,the Coulombic efficiency of the MXene/COF-LZU1 framework and electrochemical stability of corresponding symmetric cells are obviously enhanced.Li-S full cells with the modified Li-metal anode and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(S@PAN)cathode also exhibited a superior electrochemical performance.展开更多
Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS) have several applications in surface structuring and functionalization. Three major challenges exist in the fabrication of regular and uniform LIPSS: enhanc...Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS) have several applications in surface structuring and functionalization. Three major challenges exist in the fabrication of regular and uniform LIPSS: enhancing the periodic energy deposition, reducing the residual heat, and avoiding the deposited debris. Herein, we fabricate an extremely regular low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL) on a silicon surface by a temporally shaped femtosecond laser. Based on a 4 f configuration zero-dispersion pulse shaping system, a Fourier transform limit(FTL) pulse is shaped into a pulse train with varying intervals in the range of 0.25–16.2 ps using periodic π-phase step modulation. Under the irradiation of the shaped pulse with an interval of 16.2 ps, extremely regular LSFLs are efficiently fabricated on silicon. The scan velocity for fabricating regular LSFL is 2.3 times faster, while the LSFL depth is 2 times deeper, and the diffraction efficiency is 3 times higher than those of LSFL using the FTL pulse.The formation mechanisms of regular LSFL have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the temporally shaped pulse enhances the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and the periodic energy deposition while reducing the residual thermal effects and avoiding the deposition of the ejected debris, eventually resulting in regular and deeper LSFL on the silicon surface.展开更多
Damage to the skin causes physiological and functional issues.The most effective treatment approach is the use of wound dressings.Silk fibroin(SF)is a promising candidate biomaterial for regulating wound healing;howev...Damage to the skin causes physiological and functional issues.The most effective treatment approach is the use of wound dressings.Silk fibroin(SF)is a promising candidate biomaterial for regulating wound healing;however,its antibacterial properties and biological activity must be further improved.In this study,a photocrosslinking hydrogel was developed to treat full-thickness cutaneous wounds.The composite hydrogel(Ag-AV-SF hydrogel)was prepared by introducing the silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)and aloe vera(AV)as the modifiers.In vitro study exhibited great antibacterial ability,biocompatibility and cell-proliferation and-migration-promoting capacities.It also showed the pH-response releasing properties which release more AgNPs in a simulated chronic infection environment.The healing effect evaluation in vivo showed the healing-promoting ability of the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel was stronger than the single-modifiers groups,and the healing rate of it reached 97.02%on Day 21,higher than the commercial wound dressing,silver sulfadiazine(SS)cream on sale.Additionally,the histological and protein expression results showed that the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel has a greater effect on the pro-healing regenerative phenotype with M2 macrophages at the early stage,reconstructing the blood vessels networks and inhibiting the formation of scars.In summary,the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel developed in this study had good physical properties,overwhelming antibacterial properties,satisfactory biocompatibility and significantly promoting effect on cell proliferation,migration and wound healing.Overall,our results suggest that the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel we developed has great potential for improving the wound healing in clinical treatment.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are regarded as the ideal low-cost choice for next-generation large-scale energy storage system.Carbonyl-based organic salt-disodium rhodizonate(Na_(2)C_(6)O_(6))with high theoretical specifi...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are regarded as the ideal low-cost choice for next-generation large-scale energy storage system.Carbonyl-based organic salt-disodium rhodizonate(Na_(2)C_(6)O_(6))with high theoretical specific capacity(501 mAh·g−1)is considered as a promising cathode material for SIBs.However,the dissolution of active material in electrolyte and low electronic conductivity lead to rapidly capacity decay and poor rate performance.Herein,a simple method is designed to construct free-standing and flexible Ti3C2Tx Na2C6O6/MXene paper via vacuum-assisted filtration and antisolvent approach.The MXene can form an electronic conductive network,adsorb the active materials,and offer additional active sites for Na storage.The binder-free Na_(2)C_(6)O_(6)/MXene paper delivers excellent electrochemical property with a high rate performance of 231 mAh·g−1 at 1,000 mA·g−1 and a high capacity of 215 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles.This work provides an attractive strategy for designing high-performance organic electrode materials of SIBs.展开更多
Protein ubiquitination regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms,from growth and development to stress response.Proteins subjected to ubiquitination can be found in virtually all subcellular locatio...Protein ubiquitination regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms,from growth and development to stress response.Proteins subjected to ubiquitination can be found in virtually all subcellular locations and organelles,including peroxisomes,singlemembrane and highly dynamic organelles ubiquitous in eukaryotes.Peroxisomes contain metabolic functions essential to plants and animals such as lipid catabolism,detoxification of reactive oxygen species(ROS),biosynthesis of vital hormones and cofactors,and photorespiration.Plant peroxisomes possess a complex proteome with functions varying among different tissue types and developmental stages,and during plant response to distinct environmental cues.However,how these diverse functions are regulated at the post-translational level is poorly understood,especially in plants.In this review,we summarized current knowledge of the involvement of protein ubiquitination in peroxisome protein import,remodeling,pexophagy,and metabolism,focusing on plants,and referencing discoveries from other eukaryotic systems when relevant.Based on previous ubiquitinomics studies,we compiled a list of 56 ubiquitinated Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins whose functions are associated with all the major plant peroxisomal metabolic pathways.This discovery suggests a broad impact of protein ubiquitination on plant peroxisome functions,therefore substantiating the need to investigate this significant regulatory mechanism in peroxisomes at more depths.展开更多
Zn metal anode is believed to be a promising anode material for aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)due to the mer-its such as low electrochemical potential,low cost,high theoretical specific capacity,high hydrogen evolutio...Zn metal anode is believed to be a promising anode material for aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)due to the mer-its such as low electrochemical potential,low cost,high theoretical specific capacity,high hydrogen evolution overpotential,less-reactive property,environmental friendliness and easy processing.However,issues including uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites,corrosion by aqueous electrolyte,large volume change and unstable in-terface hinder its further development.Recently,multifunctional metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have shown huge advantages in solving the issues facing Zn metal anode,and large advances have been achieved.MOFs and their derivatives can stabilize Zn metal anode by interface engineering,designing host,decorating separator,constructing solid-state electrolyte and so on.Here we carefully summarize and analyse these advances.Meanwhile,some perspectives and outlooks are put forward.This review can promote the de-velopment of MOFs,Zn metal anode as well as aqueous ZIBs.展开更多
Multiple signal strategies remarkably improve the accuracy and efficiency of electrochemiluminescence(ECL)immunoassays,but the lack of potential-resolved luminophore pairs and chemical cross talk hinders their develop...Multiple signal strategies remarkably improve the accuracy and efficiency of electrochemiluminescence(ECL)immunoassays,but the lack of potential-resolved luminophore pairs and chemical cross talk hinders their development.In this study,we synthesized a series of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)/reduced graphene oxide(Au/rGO)composites as adjustable oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts to promote and modulate tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)(Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+))’s multisignal luminescence.With the increase in the diameter of AuNPs(3 to 30 nm),their ability to promote Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)’s anodic ECL was first impaired and then strengthened,and cathodic ECL was first enhanced and then weakened.Au/rGOs with medium-small and medium-large AuNP diameters remarkably increased Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)’s cathodic and anodic luminescence,respectively.Notably,the stimulation effects of Au/rGOs were superior to those of most existing Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)co-reactants.Moreover,we proposed a novel ratiometric immunosensor construction strategy using Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)’s luminescence promoter rather than luminophores as tags of antibodies to achieve signal resolution.This method avoids signal cross talk between luminophores and their respective co-reactants,which achieved a good linear range of 10−7 to 10−1 ng/ml and a limit of detection of 0.33 fg/ml for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen.This study addresses the previous scarcity of the macromolecular co-reactants of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+),broadening its application in biomaterial detection.Furthermore,the systematic clarification of the detailed mechanisms for converting the potential-resolved luminescence of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)could facilitate an in-depth understanding of the ECL process and should inspire new designs of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)luminescence enhancers or applications of Au/rGOs to other luminophores.This work removes some impediments to the development of multisignal ECL biodetection systems and provides vitality into their widespread applications.展开更多
Recent studies have indicated that a special type of small noncoding RNAs, phased small-interfering RNAs(phasiRNAs) play crucial roles in many cellular processes of plant development. PhasiRNAs are generated from long...Recent studies have indicated that a special type of small noncoding RNAs, phased small-interfering RNAs(phasiRNAs) play crucial roles in many cellular processes of plant development. PhasiRNAs are generated from long RNA precursors at intervals of 21 or 24 nt in plants, and they are produced from both protein-coding gene and long noncoding RNA genes. Different from those in eudicots, grass phasiRNAs include a special class of small RNAs that are specifically expressed in reproductive organs.These grass phasiRNAs are associated with gametogenesis, especially with anther development and male fertility. In this review,we summarized current knowledge on these small noncoding RNAs in male germ cells and their possible biological functions and mechanisms in grass species.展开更多
Although neuroelectrochemical sensing technology offers unique benefits for neuroscience research,its application is limited by substantial interference in complex brain environments while ensuring biosafety requireme...Although neuroelectrochemical sensing technology offers unique benefits for neuroscience research,its application is limited by substantial interference in complex brain environments while ensuring biosafety requirements.In this study,we introduced poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes(N-MWCNTs)to construct a composite membrane-modified carbon fiber microelectrode(CFME/P3HT-N-MWCNTs)for ascorbic acid(AA)detection.The microelectrode presented good linearity,selectivity,stability,antifouling,and biocompatibility and exhibited great performance for application in neuroelectrochemical sensing.Subsequently,we applied CFME/P3HT-N-MWCNTs to monitor AA release from in vitro nerve cells,ex vivo brain slices,and in vivo living rat brains and determined that glutamate can induce cell edema and AA release.We also found that glutamate activated the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor,which enhanced Na^(+) and Cl^(−) inflow to induce osmotic stress,resulting in cytotoxic edema and ultimately AA release.This study is the first to observe the process of glutamate-induced brain cytotoxic edema with AA release and to reveal the mechanism.Our work can benefit the application of P3HT in in vivo implant microelectrode construction to monitor neurochemicals,understand the molecular basis of nervous system diseases,and discover certain biomarkers of brain diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51972198, 62133007)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (tsqn201812002, ts20190908, ts201511004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020JQ19)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program (JCYJ20190807093405503)。
文摘Lithium metal anode is the ideal candidate for high-energy–density rechargeable batteries.However,uncontrolled dendrite growth hampers its commercialization.Herein,a dendrite-free composite Li metal anode is realized by a flexible,freestanding,well-aligned and highly-lithiophilic MXene paper designed by a facile electrostatic self-assembly of the exfoliated MXene nanosheets and natural polysaccharidechitosan (MX@CS).The MX@CS paper gets a well-aligned layered-3D structure with a micro-crumpled surface that can effectively decrease the local current density,guide even Li plating and suppress dendritic Li growth.More importantly,surface-adsorbed chitosan endows enhanced lithiophilicity for MXene substrate and thus reduces the Li nucleation overpotential,which is confirmed by the density functional theory calculations.Abundant lithiophilic groups on MX@CS surface provide highconcentration Li^(+)anchoring site promoting Li nucleation and laterally inducing uniform Li deposition,which effectively avoids the formation of dendritic Li.As a result,the MX@CS-Li anode with a dendrite-free Li morphology shows a significantly improved cycling life in commercial carbonatebased electrolyte.When coupled with LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode,the full cell exhibits a low capacity decay and steady ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%at a current density of 5C.These findings develop a new approach for designing high-performance metal-based rechargeable batteries.
基金the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5197219862133007)+2 种基金Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201812002,ts20190908)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020JQ19)the Project of the Taishan Scholar(No.ts201511004)。
文摘Metallic sodium(Na)is believed to be a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its low electrochemical potential,high theoretical specific capacity,superior electrical conductivity,and so on.However,issues such as high chemical activity,the growth of Na dendrites,large volume change,and unstable interface impede its practical application.We design a cheap iron(Fe)-based substrate decorated by a thin liquid metal Ga layer for stable and dendrite-free Na metal anodes in low-cost carbonate electrolytes.The inherent mechanism of Ga-based liquid metal in inhibiting the growth of Na dendrites was revealed for the first time.Liquid metal Ga with sodiophilic property can act as nucleation seeds to decrease the nucleation barrier and induce homogeneous Na+flux,resulting in uniform and dendrite-free Na deposition.Full cells with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) cathode were also assembled to verify the practical application ability of the modified Na metal anode.Under the regulation of the liquid metal layer,the Coulombic efficiency,cycling life,and capacity of batteries are obviously enhanced.The strategy proposed here cannot only reduce the cost of batteries but also improve their electrochemical and safety performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074123,11804227,91950112)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFA1401100)the Foundation of‘Manufacturing beyond limits’of Shanghai.
文摘Over the past two decades,femtosecond laser-induced periodic structures(femtosecond-LIPSs)have become ubiquitous in a variety of materials,including metals,semiconductors,dielectrics,and polymers.Femtosecond-LIPSs have become a useful laser processing method,with broad prospects in adjusting material properties such as structural color,data storage,light absorption,and luminescence.This review discusses the formation mechanism of LIPSs,specifically the LIPS formation processes based on the pump-probe imaging method.The pulse shaping of a femtosecond laser in terms of the time/frequency,polarization,and spatial distribution is an efficient method for fabricating high-quality LIPSs.Various LIPS applications are also briefly introduced.The last part of this paper discusses the LIPS formation mechanism,as well as the high-efficiency and high-quality processing of LIPSs using shaped ultrafast lasers and their applications.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12074123,12174108)the Foundation of‘Manufacturing beyond limits’of Shanghai‘Talent Program'of Henan Academy of Sciences.
文摘Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than the diffraction limit,making it a useful method for efficient nanomanufacturing.However,compared with the low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL),the structure size of the HSFL is smaller,and it is more easily submerged.Therefore,the formation mechanism of HSFL is complex and has always been a research hotspot in this field.In this study,regular LSFL with a period of 760 nm was fabricated in advance on a silicon surface with two-beam interference using an 800 nm,50 fs femtosecond laser.The ultrafast dynamics of HSFL formation on the silicon surface of prefabricated LSFL under single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation were observed and analyzed for the first time using collinear pump-probe imaging method.In general,the evolution of the surface structure undergoes five sequential stages:the LSFL begins to split,becomes uniform HSFL,degenerates into an irregular LSFL,undergoes secondary splitting into a weakly uniform HSFL,and evolves into an irregular LSFL or is submerged.The results indicate that the local enhancement of the submerged nanocavity,or the nanoplasma,in the prefabricated LSFL ridge led to the splitting of the LSFL,and the thermodynamic effect drove the homogenization of the splitting LSFL,which evolved into HSFL.
基金We are grateful for financial supports from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021YFA1401100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074123,11804227,91950112),and the Foundation of‘Manufacturing beyond limits’of Shanghai.
文摘This paper reports the fabrication of regular large-area laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSSs)in indium tin oxide(ITO)films via femtosecond laser direct writing focused by a cylindrical lens.The regular LIPSSs exhibited good properties as nanowires,with a resistivity almost equal to that of the initial ITO film.By changing the laser fluence,the nanowire resistances could be tuned from 15 to 73 kΩ/mm with a consistency of±10%.Furthermore,the average transmittance of the ITO films with regular LIPSSs in the range of 1200-2000 nm was improved from 21%to 60%.The regular LIPSS is promising for transparent electrodes of nano-optoelectronic devices-particularly in the near-infrared band.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91744204)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2019205113)+3 种基金the Education Department Foundation of Hebei Province(No.QN2020190)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670684)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2020003017)the Science Foundation of Hebei Normal University(No.L2020B12)。
文摘The reaction of Cl atoms with two C5aldehydes(3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal)were investigated by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrum(PTR-MS)using smog chamber at 298±1 K and 760 Torr.A relative rate method was used to determine the rate constants of the title reactions with m-xylene and trans-2-butene as reference compounds:(3.04±0.18)×10^(-10)and(2.07±0.14)×10^(-10)cm^(3)/(molecule·sec)for 3-methyl-2-butenal and 3-methylbutanal,respectively.Additionally,the gas-phase products were also identified by PTR-MS,and the possible reaction mechanisms were proposed basing on the identified products.The detected gas-phase products are similar for two C5aldehydes reactions,mainly including small molecules of aldehydes,ketones and chlorinated aldehyde compounds.The atmospheric lifetimes(τ)calculated for 3-methyl-2-butenal(τ=7.0 hr,marine boundary layer(MBL))and 3-methylbutanal(τ=10.3 hr,MBL)according to the obtained rate constants.The results indicate that Cl atoms at MBL are competitive with OH radicals for the degradation contribution of C5aldehyde compounds.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(No.52172099)the Provincial Joint Fund of Shaanxi(2021JLM-28).
文摘The large accumulation of coal gangue,a common industrial solid waste,causes severe environmental problems,and green development strategies are required to transform this waste into high-value-added products.In this study,low-cost ceramsites adsorbents were prepared from waste gangue,silt coal,and peanut shells and applied to remove the organic dye methylene blue from wastewater.We investigated the microstructure of ceramsites and the effects of the sintering atmosphere,sintering temperature,and solution pH on their adsorption performance.The ceramsites sintered at 800℃under a nitrogen atmosphere exhibited the largest three-dimensional-interconnected hierarchical porous structure among the prepared ceramsites;further,it exhibited the highest methylene blue adsorption performance,with an adsorption capacity of 0.954 mg·g^(−1),adsorption efficiency of over 95%,and adsorption equilibrium time of 1 h at a solution pH of 9.The removal efficiency remained greater than 75%after five adsorption cycles.The adsorption kinetics data were analyzed using various models,including the pseudosecond-order kinetic model and Langmuir equation,and the adsorption was attributed to electrostatic interactions between the dyes and ceramsites,n-interactions,and hydrogen bonds.The prepared coal gangue ceramsites exhibited excellent adsorption capacities,removal rates,and cyclic stabilities,demonstrating their promising application prospects for the comprehensive utilization of solid waste and for wastewater treatment.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020JQ19)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201812002 and ts20190908)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972198)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(No.2016WLJH03)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.61633015),Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(No.JCYJ20190807093405503)the Project of the Taishan Scholar(No.ts201511004).
文摘Lithium metal(Li)is believed to be the ultimate anode for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to the advantages of high theoretical capacity,the lowest electrochemical potential,and light weight.Nevertheless,issues such as uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites,large volume changes,high chemical reactivity,and unstable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)hinder its rapid development and practical application.Herein a stable and dendrite-free Li-metal anode is obtained by designing a flexible and freestanding MXene/COF framework for metallic Li.COF-LZU1 microspheres are distributed among the MXene film framework.Lithiophilic COF-LZU1 microspheres as nucleation seeds can promote uniform Li nucleation by homogenizing the Li^(+)flux and lowering the nucleation barrier,finally resulting in dense and dendrite-free Li deposition.Under the regulation of the COF-LZU1 seeds,the Coulombic efficiency of the MXene/COF-LZU1 framework and electrochemical stability of corresponding symmetric cells are obviously enhanced.Li-S full cells with the modified Li-metal anode and sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(S@PAN)cathode also exhibited a superior electrochemical performance.
基金Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics(Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19ZR1414500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11804227,12074123,91950112)。
文摘Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS) have several applications in surface structuring and functionalization. Three major challenges exist in the fabrication of regular and uniform LIPSS: enhancing the periodic energy deposition, reducing the residual heat, and avoiding the deposited debris. Herein, we fabricate an extremely regular low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL) on a silicon surface by a temporally shaped femtosecond laser. Based on a 4 f configuration zero-dispersion pulse shaping system, a Fourier transform limit(FTL) pulse is shaped into a pulse train with varying intervals in the range of 0.25–16.2 ps using periodic π-phase step modulation. Under the irradiation of the shaped pulse with an interval of 16.2 ps, extremely regular LSFLs are efficiently fabricated on silicon. The scan velocity for fabricating regular LSFL is 2.3 times faster, while the LSFL depth is 2 times deeper, and the diffraction efficiency is 3 times higher than those of LSFL using the FTL pulse.The formation mechanisms of regular LSFL have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the temporally shaped pulse enhances the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons and the periodic energy deposition while reducing the residual thermal effects and avoiding the deposition of the ejected debris, eventually resulting in regular and deeper LSFL on the silicon surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12032007,31971242)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0330)+3 种基金the Project of Science and Technology of Chongqing Yuzhong District(20170119,20170113)the Project of Tutorial System of Medical Undergraduate in Lab Teaching&Management Center in Chongqing Medical University(LTMCMTS202003)the National Project of University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(201910631002)the Project of‘Ying Yao Program’for College Student in School of Basic Medical Sciences in ChongqingMedical University(JCYY202003).
文摘Damage to the skin causes physiological and functional issues.The most effective treatment approach is the use of wound dressings.Silk fibroin(SF)is a promising candidate biomaterial for regulating wound healing;however,its antibacterial properties and biological activity must be further improved.In this study,a photocrosslinking hydrogel was developed to treat full-thickness cutaneous wounds.The composite hydrogel(Ag-AV-SF hydrogel)was prepared by introducing the silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)and aloe vera(AV)as the modifiers.In vitro study exhibited great antibacterial ability,biocompatibility and cell-proliferation and-migration-promoting capacities.It also showed the pH-response releasing properties which release more AgNPs in a simulated chronic infection environment.The healing effect evaluation in vivo showed the healing-promoting ability of the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel was stronger than the single-modifiers groups,and the healing rate of it reached 97.02%on Day 21,higher than the commercial wound dressing,silver sulfadiazine(SS)cream on sale.Additionally,the histological and protein expression results showed that the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel has a greater effect on the pro-healing regenerative phenotype with M2 macrophages at the early stage,reconstructing the blood vessels networks and inhibiting the formation of scars.In summary,the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel developed in this study had good physical properties,overwhelming antibacterial properties,satisfactory biocompatibility and significantly promoting effect on cell proliferation,migration and wound healing.Overall,our results suggest that the Ag-AV-SF hydrogel we developed has great potential for improving the wound healing in clinical treatment.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020JQ19)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201812002,ts20190908,and ts201511004)+2 种基金the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(No.2016WLJH03)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(No.JCYJ20190807093405503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972198 and 61633015).
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are regarded as the ideal low-cost choice for next-generation large-scale energy storage system.Carbonyl-based organic salt-disodium rhodizonate(Na_(2)C_(6)O_(6))with high theoretical specific capacity(501 mAh·g−1)is considered as a promising cathode material for SIBs.However,the dissolution of active material in electrolyte and low electronic conductivity lead to rapidly capacity decay and poor rate performance.Herein,a simple method is designed to construct free-standing and flexible Ti3C2Tx Na2C6O6/MXene paper via vacuum-assisted filtration and antisolvent approach.The MXene can form an electronic conductive network,adsorb the active materials,and offer additional active sites for Na storage.The binder-free Na_(2)C_(6)O_(6)/MXene paper delivers excellent electrochemical property with a high rate performance of 231 mAh·g−1 at 1,000 mA·g−1 and a high capacity of 215 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles.This work provides an attractive strategy for designing high-performance organic electrode materials of SIBs.
基金supported by the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(No.2019R01002)Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory(No.2021PE0AC04)+3 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(No.Y202148338)Zhejiang University Student Research Practice Program(No.P2021041)to R.P.by the National Science Foundation(No.MCB 2148206)US Department of Energy(No.DEFG02-91ER20021)to J.H。
文摘Protein ubiquitination regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms,from growth and development to stress response.Proteins subjected to ubiquitination can be found in virtually all subcellular locations and organelles,including peroxisomes,singlemembrane and highly dynamic organelles ubiquitous in eukaryotes.Peroxisomes contain metabolic functions essential to plants and animals such as lipid catabolism,detoxification of reactive oxygen species(ROS),biosynthesis of vital hormones and cofactors,and photorespiration.Plant peroxisomes possess a complex proteome with functions varying among different tissue types and developmental stages,and during plant response to distinct environmental cues.However,how these diverse functions are regulated at the post-translational level is poorly understood,especially in plants.In this review,we summarized current knowledge of the involvement of protein ubiquitination in peroxisome protein import,remodeling,pexophagy,and metabolism,focusing on plants,and referencing discoveries from other eukaryotic systems when relevant.Based on previous ubiquitinomics studies,we compiled a list of 56 ubiquitinated Arabidopsis peroxisomal proteins whose functions are associated with all the major plant peroxisomal metabolic pathways.This discovery suggests a broad impact of protein ubiquitination on plant peroxisome functions,therefore substantiating the need to investigate this significant regulatory mechanism in peroxisomes at more depths.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shan-dong Province(No.ZR2020JQ19)the Young Scholars Program of Shan-dong University(No.2016WLJH03)+4 种基金the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Nos.61633015)taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201812002,ts20190908)the Project of the Taishan Scholar(No.ts201511004)Shenzhen Fundamental Re-search Program(No.JCYJ20190807093405503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972198).
文摘Zn metal anode is believed to be a promising anode material for aqueous Zn-ion batteries(ZIBs)due to the mer-its such as low electrochemical potential,low cost,high theoretical specific capacity,high hydrogen evolution overpotential,less-reactive property,environmental friendliness and easy processing.However,issues including uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites,corrosion by aqueous electrolyte,large volume change and unstable in-terface hinder its further development.Recently,multifunctional metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have shown huge advantages in solving the issues facing Zn metal anode,and large advances have been achieved.MOFs and their derivatives can stabilize Zn metal anode by interface engineering,designing host,decorating separator,constructing solid-state electrolyte and so on.Here we carefully summarize and analyse these advances.Meanwhile,some perspectives and outlooks are put forward.This review can promote the de-velopment of MOFs,Zn metal anode as well as aqueous ZIBs.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0330,cstc2021jsyj-yzysbA0057,and cstc2019jcyj-zdxmX0028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971242 and 12032007)+4 种基金the Project of Tutorial System of Medical Undergraduate in Lab Teaching&Management Center in Chongqing Medical University(LTMCMTS202005 and LTMCMTS202110)the JinFeng Laboratory Foundation of Chongqing(jfkyjf202203001)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202200426)the Scientific Research,the CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine(W0015)the Innovation Experimental Project of Chongqing Medical University(SRIEP202105).
文摘Multiple signal strategies remarkably improve the accuracy and efficiency of electrochemiluminescence(ECL)immunoassays,but the lack of potential-resolved luminophore pairs and chemical cross talk hinders their development.In this study,we synthesized a series of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)/reduced graphene oxide(Au/rGO)composites as adjustable oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalysts to promote and modulate tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)(Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+))’s multisignal luminescence.With the increase in the diameter of AuNPs(3 to 30 nm),their ability to promote Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)’s anodic ECL was first impaired and then strengthened,and cathodic ECL was first enhanced and then weakened.Au/rGOs with medium-small and medium-large AuNP diameters remarkably increased Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)’s cathodic and anodic luminescence,respectively.Notably,the stimulation effects of Au/rGOs were superior to those of most existing Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)co-reactants.Moreover,we proposed a novel ratiometric immunosensor construction strategy using Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)’s luminescence promoter rather than luminophores as tags of antibodies to achieve signal resolution.This method avoids signal cross talk between luminophores and their respective co-reactants,which achieved a good linear range of 10−7 to 10−1 ng/ml and a limit of detection of 0.33 fg/ml for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen.This study addresses the previous scarcity of the macromolecular co-reactants of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+),broadening its application in biomaterial detection.Furthermore,the systematic clarification of the detailed mechanisms for converting the potential-resolved luminescence of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)could facilitate an in-depth understanding of the ECL process and should inspire new designs of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)luminescence enhancers or applications of Au/rGOs to other luminophores.This work removes some impediments to the development of multisignal ECL biodetection systems and provides vitality into their widespread applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91640202, 91335104)the grants from Guangdong Province (2016A030308015) and Guangzhou (201707020018, 201710010029)
文摘Recent studies have indicated that a special type of small noncoding RNAs, phased small-interfering RNAs(phasiRNAs) play crucial roles in many cellular processes of plant development. PhasiRNAs are generated from long RNA precursors at intervals of 21 or 24 nt in plants, and they are produced from both protein-coding gene and long noncoding RNA genes. Different from those in eudicots, grass phasiRNAs include a special class of small RNAs that are specifically expressed in reproductive organs.These grass phasiRNAs are associated with gametogenesis, especially with anther development and male fertility. In this review,we summarized current knowledge on these small noncoding RNAs in male germ cells and their possible biological functions and mechanisms in grass species.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0330)the JinFeng Laboratory Foundation,Chongqing,China(jfkyjf202203001)+3 种基金the Project of Tutorial System of Medical Undergraduate in Lab Teaching and Management Center in Chongqing Medical University(LTMCMTS202109 and LTMCMTS202106)the Project of Scientific Research and Innovative Experiment for College Student in Chongqing Medical University(SRIEP202011,SRIEP202047,and SPIEP202167)the National Project of University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202010631016)Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation(CYS22333).
文摘Although neuroelectrochemical sensing technology offers unique benefits for neuroscience research,its application is limited by substantial interference in complex brain environments while ensuring biosafety requirements.In this study,we introduced poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)and nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes(N-MWCNTs)to construct a composite membrane-modified carbon fiber microelectrode(CFME/P3HT-N-MWCNTs)for ascorbic acid(AA)detection.The microelectrode presented good linearity,selectivity,stability,antifouling,and biocompatibility and exhibited great performance for application in neuroelectrochemical sensing.Subsequently,we applied CFME/P3HT-N-MWCNTs to monitor AA release from in vitro nerve cells,ex vivo brain slices,and in vivo living rat brains and determined that glutamate can induce cell edema and AA release.We also found that glutamate activated the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor,which enhanced Na^(+) and Cl^(−) inflow to induce osmotic stress,resulting in cytotoxic edema and ultimately AA release.This study is the first to observe the process of glutamate-induced brain cytotoxic edema with AA release and to reveal the mechanism.Our work can benefit the application of P3HT in in vivo implant microelectrode construction to monitor neurochemicals,understand the molecular basis of nervous system diseases,and discover certain biomarkers of brain diseases.
