In this study,a high-confining pressure and real-time large-displacement shearing-flow setup was developed.The test setup can be used to analyze the injection pressure conditions that increase the hydro-shearing perme...In this study,a high-confining pressure and real-time large-displacement shearing-flow setup was developed.The test setup can be used to analyze the injection pressure conditions that increase the hydro-shearing permeability and injection-induced seismicity during hot dry rock geothermal extraction.For optimizing injection strategies and improving engineering safety,real-time permeability,deformation,and energy release characteristics of fractured granite samples driven by injected water pressure under different critical sliding conditions were evaluated.The results indicated that:(1)A low injection water pressure induced intermittent small-deformation stick-slip behavior in fractures,and a high injection pressure primarily caused continuous high-speed large-deformation sliding in fractures.The optimal injection water pressure range was defined for enhancing hydraulic shear permeability and preventing large injection-induced earthquakes.(2)Under the same experimental conditions,fracture sliding was deemed as the major factor that enhanced the hydraulic shear-permeability enhancement and the maximum permeability increased by 36.54 and 41.59 times,respectively,in above two slip modes.(3)Based on the real-time transient evolution of water pressure during fracture sliding,the variation coefficients of slip rate,permeability,and water pressure were fitted,and the results were different from those measured under quasi-static conditions.(4)The maximum and minimum shear strength criteria for injection-induced fracture sliding were also determined(μ=0.6665 andμ=0.1645,respectively,μis friction coefficient).Using the 3D(three-dimensional)fracture surface scanning technology,the weakening effect of injection pressure on fracture surface damage characteristics was determined,which provided evidence for the geological markers of fault sliding mode and sliding nature transitions under the fluid influence.展开更多
Recent JWST observations have revealed that dwarf galaxies start to cease star formation at redshifts z>1,yet the quenching process remains unclear.In this study,we selected a large sample of 3405 dwarf galaxies wi...Recent JWST observations have revealed that dwarf galaxies start to cease star formation at redshifts z>1,yet the quenching process remains unclear.In this study,we selected a large sample of 3405 dwarf galaxies with stellar masses below 109.5Me and redshifts ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 across all five CANDELS fields.By utilizing multi-wavelength imaging data from both JWST and HST,we examined the growth patterns and modes of star formation quenching in dwarf galaxies during the cosmic noon era.Based on their specific star formation rates (sS FR),we categorized the sample into three subgroups:star-forming dwarf galaxies below and above the star formation main sequence (SFMS),and quiescent dwarf galaxies.To analyze the UVJ color profiles of these three subgroups of dwarf galaxies,we applied the image stacking technique.This method improves the signal-to-noise ratio and extends the color profiles to the outer regions of the galaxies.Our results show that these galaxies generally exhibit nearly flat stacked color profiles,suggesting that,on average,their growth and star formation quenching patterns are self-similar,differing from those previously observed in dwarf galaxies at lower redshifts.We further discuss the potential roles of internal and external physical processes in the star formation quenching of dwarf galaxies during the cosmic noon period.展开更多
Metadata prefetching and data placement play a critical role in enhancing access performance for file systems operating over wide-area networks.However,developing effective strategies for metadata prefetching in envir...Metadata prefetching and data placement play a critical role in enhancing access performance for file systems operating over wide-area networks.However,developing effective strategies for metadata prefetching in environments with concurrent workloads and for data placement across distributed networks remains a significant challenge.This study introduces novel and efficient methodologies for metadata prefetching and data placement,leveraging fine-grained control of prefetching strategies and variable-sized data fragment writing to optimize the I/O bandwidth of distributed file systems.The proposed metadata prefetching technique employs dynamic workload analysis to identify dominant workload patterns and adaptively refines prefetching policies,thereby boosting metadata access efficiency under concurrent scenarios.Meanwhile,the data placement strategy improves write performance by storing data fragments locally within the nearest data center and transmitting only the fragment location metadata to the remote data center hosting the original file.Experimental evaluations using real-world system traces demonstrate that the proposed approaches reduce metadata access times by up to 33.5%and application data access times by 17.19%compared to state-of-the-art techniques.展开更多
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the pred...This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.展开更多
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administratio...This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administration.The analysis reveals systematic improvements in both track and intensity forecasts over the decade,with distinct error characteristics observed across various forecast parameters.Track forecast errors have steadily decreased,particularly for longer lead times,while error magnitudes have increased with longer forecast lead times.Intensity forecasts show similar progressive enhancements,with maximum sustained wind speed errors decreasing by 0.26 m/s per year for 120 h forecasts.The study also identifies several key patterns in forecast performance:typhoon-grade or stronger TCs exhibit smaller track errors than week or weaker systems;intensity forecasts systematically overestimate weaker TCs while underestimating stronger systems;and spatial error distributions show greater track inaccuracies near landmasses and regional intensity biases.These findings highlight both the significant advances in TC forecasting capability achieved through improved modeling and observational systems,and the remaining challenges in predicting TC changes and landfall behavior,providing valuable benchmarks for future forecast system development.展开更多
In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of O...In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of OsABA8ox2 in root growth and development and drought response. GUS staining results showed that OsABA8ox2 was expressed mainly in roots at seedling stage and was strongly expressed in the meristematic zone of the radicle. OsABA8ox2 expression in roots was markedly decreased after 0.5 h polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment and increased after 0.5 h rehydration, implying that OsABA8ox2 is a drought-responsive gene.OsABA8ox2 knockout mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system increased drought-induced ABA and indole-3-acetic acid accumulation in roots, conferred increased ABA sensitivity, and promoted a more vertically oriented root system architecture(RSA) beneficial to drought tolerance.OsABA8ox2 overexpression suppressed root elongation and increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improved rice drought tolerance, whereas OsABA8ox2 overexpression seedlings were hypersensitive to drought stress,suggesting that OsABA8ox2 contributes to drought response in rice. Compared with wild type,functional leaves of OsABA8ox2 knockout seedlings showed higher ABA levels, whereas overexpression lines showed lower ABA levels, suggesting that OsABA8ox2, as an ABA catabolic gene, modulates ABA concentration through ABA catabolism. OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 were both localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, these results indicate that OsABA8ox2 suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings, increases water transpiration, and contributes to drought response through ABA catabolism, and that OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improves rice drought tolerance. They highlight the key role of ABA catabolism mediated by OsABA8ox2 on root growth and development. OsABA8ox2, as a novel RSA gene, would be a potential genetic target for the improvement of rice drought tolerance.展开更多
Bimetallic CuCo catalysts with different Cu to Co ratios on N-doped porous carbon materials(N-C)were achieved using impregnation method and applied in the hydrogenation of furfural(FAL)to furfuryl alcohol(FOL).The hig...Bimetallic CuCo catalysts with different Cu to Co ratios on N-doped porous carbon materials(N-C)were achieved using impregnation method and applied in the hydrogenation of furfural(FAL)to furfuryl alcohol(FOL).The high hydrogenation activity of FAL over Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C was originated from the synergistic interactions of Cu and Co species,where Co^(0)and Cu^(0)simultaneously adsorb and activate H_(2),and Cu^(+) served as Lewis acid sites to activate C]O.Meanwhile,electrons transfer from Cu to Co promoted the formation of Cu^(+).In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C adsorbed FAL with a tilted η^(1)-(O)configuration.The superior Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C showed excellent adsorbed ability towards H_(2) and FAL,but weak adsorption for FOL.Therefore,Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C possessed 93.1%FAL conversion and 99.0% FOL selectivity after 5 h reaction,which also exhibited satisfactory reusability in FAL hydrogenation for five cycles.展开更多
Objective: To study the effect of diclofenac suppository in oocyte retrieval of IVF-ET. Study Design: 1176 patients with informed consents were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study. The setting w...Objective: To study the effect of diclofenac suppository in oocyte retrieval of IVF-ET. Study Design: 1176 patients with informed consents were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study. The setting was an IVF-ET program at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. According to the analgesic drug use, the patients were randomly divided into pethidine group (573 cases) and diclofenac suppository group (603 cases). The data of vital signs, common adverse reactions, severe adverse events and pain degree in oocyte retrieval were collected. The IVF-ET outcomes were also compared. Results: The post-operation pressure and pulse were lower in pethidine group than in diclofenac suppository group (both P0.001).The rest vital signs were not statistically different (all P>0.05). Common adverse reactions in diclofenac suppository group were relative less (all P0.05). Pain degree between the two groups was not statistically different (P=0.304). IVF-ET outcomes were also not statistically different (all P>0.05). There were 3 cases serious abdominal bleeding with shock in the diclofenac suppository group. Conclusion: Using diclofenac suppository in oocyte retrieval analgesic had a good effect. And there was no adverse effect in the IVF-ET outcome. But we should pay close attention to the probability of serious abdominal bleeding.展开更多
Idealized numerical simulations have been carried out to reveal the complexity in the development of asymmetric convection in a tropical cyclone(TC)under the influence of an environment with either uniform flow,vertic...Idealized numerical simulations have been carried out to reveal the complexity in the development of asymmetric convection in a tropical cyclone(TC)under the influence of an environment with either uniform flow,vertical wind shear(VWS),or both.Results show that rainwater is enhanced to the right of the motion in the outer rainband,but such enhancement occurs in the upshear-left area of the inner-core region.Additionally,due to the asymmetries introduced by environmental flow,wavenumber-1 temperature and height anomalies develop at a radius of~1000 km in the upper levels.A sub-vortex aside from the TC center encompassing the wavenumber-1 warm center appears,and asymmetric horizontal winds emerge,which,in turn,changes the storm-scale(within 400 km)VWS.Deep convection in the inner core closely follows the changing storm-scale VWS when its magnitude is larger than 2 m s^(-1) and is located downshear of the storm-scale VWS in all the experiments with environmental flow.In the outer rainbands,the maximum boundary layer convergence is mainly controlled by the direction of motion and is located in the rear-right quadrant.These results extend upon the findings of previous studies in three aspects:(1)The discovery of the roughly linear combination effect from the uniform flow and large-scale VWS;(2)The development of upper-level asymmetric winds on a 1000-km scale through the interaction between the TC vortex and environmental flow,resulting in changes in the storm-scale VWS pattern within the TC area;(3)The revelation that TC asymmetric convection closely aligns with the direction-varying storm-scale VWS instead of the initially designated VWS.展开更多
GW170817 is the unique gravitational-wave(GW)event associated with the electromagnetic(EM)counterpart GRB 170817A.NGC 4993 is identified as the host galaxy of GW170817/GRB 170817A.In this paper,we focus on the spatial...GW170817 is the unique gravitational-wave(GW)event associated with the electromagnetic(EM)counterpart GRB 170817A.NGC 4993 is identified as the host galaxy of GW170817/GRB 170817A.In this paper,we focus on the spatially resolved properties of NGC 4993.We present the photometric results from the comprehensive data analysis of the high spatial-resolution images in the different optical bands.The morphological analysis reveals that NGC 4993 is a typical early-type galaxy without significant remnants of a major galaxy merger.The spatially resolved stellar population properties of NGC 4993 suggest that the galaxy center has passive evolution with the outskirt formed by gas accretion.We derive the merging rate of the compact object per galaxy by a co-evolution scenario of a supermassive black hole and its host galaxy.If the galaxy formation is at redshift 1.0,the merging rate per galaxy is from 3.2×10^(-4)to 7.7×10^(-5)within the merging decay time from 1.0 to 5.0 Gyr.The results provide vital information for ongoing GW EM counterpart detections.The Hubble space telescope data analysis presented in this paper can be also applied to Chinese Space Station Telescope research in the future.展开更多
Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)have been increasingly evidenced to be important bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota and transducers in controlling diverse psychiatric or neurological disorders via the microbiot...Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)have been increasingly evidenced to be important bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota and transducers in controlling diverse psychiatric or neurological disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.However,the precise mechanism by which brain SCFAs extert multiple beneficial effects is not completely understood.Our previous research has demonstrated that the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2(ACSS2)is a novel target of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant responses.Here,we show that micromolar SCFAs significantly augment both total cellular and nuclear ACSS2 to trigger tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2)promoter histone acetylation and its transcription in SH-SY5Y cells.In chronic-restraint-stress-induced depression mice,neuronal ACSS2 knockdown by stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus in the hippocampus abolished SCFA-mediated improvements in depressive-like behaviors of mice,supporting that ACSS2 is required for SCFA-mediated antidepressant responses.Mechanistically,the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)is identified as a novel partner of ACSS2 to activate TPH2 transcription.Importantly,PPARγis also responsible for SCFA-mediated antidepressant-like effects via ACSS2-TPH2 axis.To further support brain SCFAs as a therapeutic target for antidepressant effects,d-mannose,which is a naturally present hexose,can significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in the chronic-restraint-stress-exposure mice and augment brain SCFAs to protect against the depressive-like behaviors via ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis.In summary,brain SCFAs can activate ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis to play the antidepressive-like effects,and d-mannose is suggested to be an inducer of brain SCFAs in resisting depression.展开更多
To improve the usefulness of audit opinions,on 23 March 2021,the China Securities Regulatory Commission mandated that auditors disclose overall quantitative materiality of consolidated financial statements in special ...To improve the usefulness of audit opinions,on 23 March 2021,the China Securities Regulatory Commission mandated that auditors disclose overall quantitative materiality of consolidated financial statements in special explanations of modified audit opinions.This paper selects Chinese A-share companies issued with modified audit opinions for the period of 2020-2022 as the research sample and analyzes the assessment of materiality in audit practice and the informativeness of audit materiality.Our findings are as follows.(1)The most commonly used bases for materiality by auditors are profit and income,with considerable differences in the percentages applied to the different bases and variations even within the same base.(2)The higher the materiality amount,the poorer the audit quality.This negative correlation is mainly observed in scenarios where the audited companies engage in downward earnings management and where the competency of audit firms or auditors is relatively low.(3)Companies that disclose quantitative materiality in the special explanations of modified audit opinions have a lower earnings response coefficient than companies that do not disclose audit materiality.This research sheds light on the“black box”of the audit process and verifies the information value of audit materiality.The conclusions are of significant value to auditing standard-setters,investors and regulators.展开更多
Typhoons pose significant threats to coastal and inland regions,with their impacts exacerbated by climate change and population growth[1].Recent studies have shown increased frequency of powerful storms,slower transla...Typhoons pose significant threats to coastal and inland regions,with their impacts exacerbated by climate change and population growth[1].Recent studies have shown increased frequency of powerful storms,slower translation speeds,northward shifts in the Western North Pacific(WNP)basin,and a near tripling of global exposure to typhoons since 1970[1-4].These changes present new challenges for forecasters and researchers,particularly in predicting impacts on inland and high-latitude populations lacking prior exposure or resilience to typhoon effects.展开更多
The human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)envelope protein gp120 is the major contributor to the pathogenesis of HIVassociated neurocognitive disorder(HAND).Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in gp120-induced neuro...The human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)envelope protein gp120 is the major contributor to the pathogenesis of HIVassociated neurocognitive disorder(HAND).Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in gp120-induced neuropathology,but how gp120 triggers neuroinflammatory processes and subsequent neuronal death remains unknown.Here,we provide evidence that NLRP3 is required for gp120-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathy.Our results showed that gp120-induced NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis and IL-1βproduction in microglia.Inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation alleviated gp120-mediated neuroinflammatory factor release and neuronal injury.Importantly,we showed that chronic administration of MCC950,a novel selective NLRP3 inhibitor,to gp120 transgenic mice not only attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal death but also promoted neuronal regeneration and restored the impaired neurocognitive function.In conclusion,our data revealed that the NLRP3 inflammasome is important for gp120-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathology and suggest that NLRP3 is a potential novel target for the treatment of HAND.展开更多
Over Antarctica,surface fluxes play an important role in the local atmospheric dynamical processes.To reveal the surface fluxes characteristics and aerodynamic and thermal roughness lengths over Zhongshan station,Anta...Over Antarctica,surface fluxes play an important role in the local atmospheric dynamical processes.To reveal the surface fluxes characteristics and aerodynamic and thermal roughness lengths over Zhongshan station,Antarctica,this paper analyzes the data observed at the station during 3 March 2008 through 15 February 2009.It is found that easterlies dominated this site throughout the whole year,with a maximum(average)speed of 25(5.6)m s−1 at 3.9 m height,and the annual maximum(minimum)surface temperature reached 291.05(230.05)K,while the annual maximum(minimum)air-specific humidity was 4.1(0.05)g/kg at 3.9 m height.The maximum(minimum)values of seasonal mean temperature,humidity,each radiation components,sensible and latent heat flux occurred in summer(winter),while for the seasonal averaged wind speed andτthe minimums(maximums)appeared in summer(autumn).After comparing with a partially linear regression method for aerodynamic roughness length and four previous equations that derive thermal roughness length from surface Reynolds number,constant values of aerodynamic roughness length as 3.6×10^(−3)m and thermal roughness length as 1.2×10^(−4)m at this site were validated by using the other three level observations and suggested for future studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52122405)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province,China (Grant No.202101060301024)Science and Technology Major Project of Xizang Autonomous Region,China (Grant No.XZ202201ZD0004G0204).
文摘In this study,a high-confining pressure and real-time large-displacement shearing-flow setup was developed.The test setup can be used to analyze the injection pressure conditions that increase the hydro-shearing permeability and injection-induced seismicity during hot dry rock geothermal extraction.For optimizing injection strategies and improving engineering safety,real-time permeability,deformation,and energy release characteristics of fractured granite samples driven by injected water pressure under different critical sliding conditions were evaluated.The results indicated that:(1)A low injection water pressure induced intermittent small-deformation stick-slip behavior in fractures,and a high injection pressure primarily caused continuous high-speed large-deformation sliding in fractures.The optimal injection water pressure range was defined for enhancing hydraulic shear permeability and preventing large injection-induced earthquakes.(2)Under the same experimental conditions,fracture sliding was deemed as the major factor that enhanced the hydraulic shear-permeability enhancement and the maximum permeability increased by 36.54 and 41.59 times,respectively,in above two slip modes.(3)Based on the real-time transient evolution of water pressure during fracture sliding,the variation coefficients of slip rate,permeability,and water pressure were fitted,and the results were different from those measured under quasi-static conditions.(4)The maximum and minimum shear strength criteria for injection-induced fracture sliding were also determined(μ=0.6665 andμ=0.1645,respectively,μis friction coefficient).Using the 3D(three-dimensional)fracture surface scanning technology,the weakening effect of injection pressure on fracture surface damage characteristics was determined,which provided evidence for the geological markers of fault sliding mode and sliding nature transitions under the fluid influence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,grant Nos.12273052,11733006,12090040,12090041 and 12073051)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project (No.CMS-CSST-2021-A04)+6 种基金the support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2020SKA0110100)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project (No.CMS-CSST-2021-A01)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (No.YSBR-062)supported by the National Key R&D Program(2023YFE0101200)the China Manned Space Project (No.CMS-CSST-2025-A07)the NSFC (grant No.12393813)the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program (YunLing Scholar Project)。
文摘Recent JWST observations have revealed that dwarf galaxies start to cease star formation at redshifts z>1,yet the quenching process remains unclear.In this study,we selected a large sample of 3405 dwarf galaxies with stellar masses below 109.5Me and redshifts ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 across all five CANDELS fields.By utilizing multi-wavelength imaging data from both JWST and HST,we examined the growth patterns and modes of star formation quenching in dwarf galaxies during the cosmic noon era.Based on their specific star formation rates (sS FR),we categorized the sample into three subgroups:star-forming dwarf galaxies below and above the star formation main sequence (SFMS),and quiescent dwarf galaxies.To analyze the UVJ color profiles of these three subgroups of dwarf galaxies,we applied the image stacking technique.This method improves the signal-to-noise ratio and extends the color profiles to the outer regions of the galaxies.Our results show that these galaxies generally exhibit nearly flat stacked color profiles,suggesting that,on average,their growth and star formation quenching patterns are self-similar,differing from those previously observed in dwarf galaxies at lower redshifts.We further discuss the potential roles of internal and external physical processes in the star formation quenching of dwarf galaxies during the cosmic noon period.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62362019the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.624RC482.
文摘Metadata prefetching and data placement play a critical role in enhancing access performance for file systems operating over wide-area networks.However,developing effective strategies for metadata prefetching in environments with concurrent workloads and for data placement across distributed networks remains a significant challenge.This study introduces novel and efficient methodologies for metadata prefetching and data placement,leveraging fine-grained control of prefetching strategies and variable-sized data fragment writing to optimize the I/O bandwidth of distributed file systems.The proposed metadata prefetching technique employs dynamic workload analysis to identify dominant workload patterns and adaptively refines prefetching policies,thereby boosting metadata access efficiency under concurrent scenarios.Meanwhile,the data placement strategy improves write performance by storing data fragments locally within the nearest data center and transmitting only the fragment location metadata to the remote data center hosting the original file.Experimental evaluations using real-world system traces demonstrate that the proposed approaches reduce metadata access times by up to 33.5%and application data access times by 17.19%compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administration.The analysis reveals systematic improvements in both track and intensity forecasts over the decade,with distinct error characteristics observed across various forecast parameters.Track forecast errors have steadily decreased,particularly for longer lead times,while error magnitudes have increased with longer forecast lead times.Intensity forecasts show similar progressive enhancements,with maximum sustained wind speed errors decreasing by 0.26 m/s per year for 120 h forecasts.The study also identifies several key patterns in forecast performance:typhoon-grade or stronger TCs exhibit smaller track errors than week or weaker systems;intensity forecasts systematically overestimate weaker TCs while underestimating stronger systems;and spatial error distributions show greater track inaccuracies near landmasses and regional intensity biases.These findings highlight both the significant advances in TC forecasting capability achieved through improved modeling and observational systems,and the remaining challenges in predicting TC changes and landfall behavior,providing valuable benchmarks for future forecast system development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501244)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Elite Youth Program Grant to Yubin Lithe Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610392019001)。
文摘In rice, OsABA8ox encodes abscisic acid(ABA) 8′-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the committed step of ABA catabolism. The contribution of ABA catabolism in root development remains unclear. We investigated the role of OsABA8ox2 in root growth and development and drought response. GUS staining results showed that OsABA8ox2 was expressed mainly in roots at seedling stage and was strongly expressed in the meristematic zone of the radicle. OsABA8ox2 expression in roots was markedly decreased after 0.5 h polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment and increased after 0.5 h rehydration, implying that OsABA8ox2 is a drought-responsive gene.OsABA8ox2 knockout mediated by the CRISPR-Cas9 system increased drought-induced ABA and indole-3-acetic acid accumulation in roots, conferred increased ABA sensitivity, and promoted a more vertically oriented root system architecture(RSA) beneficial to drought tolerance.OsABA8ox2 overexpression suppressed root elongation and increased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improved rice drought tolerance, whereas OsABA8ox2 overexpression seedlings were hypersensitive to drought stress,suggesting that OsABA8ox2 contributes to drought response in rice. Compared with wild type,functional leaves of OsABA8ox2 knockout seedlings showed higher ABA levels, whereas overexpression lines showed lower ABA levels, suggesting that OsABA8ox2, as an ABA catabolic gene, modulates ABA concentration through ABA catabolism. OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3 were both localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Together, these results indicate that OsABA8ox2 suppresses root elongation of rice seedlings, increases water transpiration, and contributes to drought response through ABA catabolism, and that OsABA8ox2 knockout dramatically improves rice drought tolerance. They highlight the key role of ABA catabolism mediated by OsABA8ox2 on root growth and development. OsABA8ox2, as a novel RSA gene, would be a potential genetic target for the improvement of rice drought tolerance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22108189, 22278286)Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar of Shanxi Province(202303021223001)SINOPEC 122027
文摘Bimetallic CuCo catalysts with different Cu to Co ratios on N-doped porous carbon materials(N-C)were achieved using impregnation method and applied in the hydrogenation of furfural(FAL)to furfuryl alcohol(FOL).The high hydrogenation activity of FAL over Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C was originated from the synergistic interactions of Cu and Co species,where Co^(0)and Cu^(0)simultaneously adsorb and activate H_(2),and Cu^(+) served as Lewis acid sites to activate C]O.Meanwhile,electrons transfer from Cu to Co promoted the formation of Cu^(+).In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C adsorbed FAL with a tilted η^(1)-(O)configuration.The superior Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C showed excellent adsorbed ability towards H_(2) and FAL,but weak adsorption for FOL.Therefore,Cu_(1)Co_(1)/N-C possessed 93.1%FAL conversion and 99.0% FOL selectivity after 5 h reaction,which also exhibited satisfactory reusability in FAL hydrogenation for five cycles.
文摘Objective: To study the effect of diclofenac suppository in oocyte retrieval of IVF-ET. Study Design: 1176 patients with informed consents were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study. The setting was an IVF-ET program at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. According to the analgesic drug use, the patients were randomly divided into pethidine group (573 cases) and diclofenac suppository group (603 cases). The data of vital signs, common adverse reactions, severe adverse events and pain degree in oocyte retrieval were collected. The IVF-ET outcomes were also compared. Results: The post-operation pressure and pulse were lower in pethidine group than in diclofenac suppository group (both P0.001).The rest vital signs were not statistically different (all P>0.05). Common adverse reactions in diclofenac suppository group were relative less (all P0.05). Pain degree between the two groups was not statistically different (P=0.304). IVF-ET outcomes were also not statistically different (all P>0.05). There were 3 cases serious abdominal bleeding with shock in the diclofenac suppository group. Conclusion: Using diclofenac suppository in oocyte retrieval analgesic had a good effect. And there was no adverse effect in the IVF-ET outcome. But we should pay close attention to the probability of serious abdominal bleeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 42075072)support from The Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology.
文摘Idealized numerical simulations have been carried out to reveal the complexity in the development of asymmetric convection in a tropical cyclone(TC)under the influence of an environment with either uniform flow,vertical wind shear(VWS),or both.Results show that rainwater is enhanced to the right of the motion in the outer rainband,but such enhancement occurs in the upshear-left area of the inner-core region.Additionally,due to the asymmetries introduced by environmental flow,wavenumber-1 temperature and height anomalies develop at a radius of~1000 km in the upper levels.A sub-vortex aside from the TC center encompassing the wavenumber-1 warm center appears,and asymmetric horizontal winds emerge,which,in turn,changes the storm-scale(within 400 km)VWS.Deep convection in the inner core closely follows the changing storm-scale VWS when its magnitude is larger than 2 m s^(-1) and is located downshear of the storm-scale VWS in all the experiments with environmental flow.In the outer rainbands,the maximum boundary layer convergence is mainly controlled by the direction of motion and is located in the rear-right quadrant.These results extend upon the findings of previous studies in three aspects:(1)The discovery of the roughly linear combination effect from the uniform flow and large-scale VWS;(2)The development of upper-level asymmetric winds on a 1000-km scale through the interaction between the TC vortex and environmental flow,resulting in changes in the storm-scale VWS pattern within the TC area;(3)The revelation that TC asymmetric convection closely aligns with the direction-varying storm-scale VWS instead of the initially designated VWS.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC 11673062)the China Manned Space Project(CMS-CSST-2021-A06)+7 种基金the Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program(Yun Ling Scholar Award)support from the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB473)support from the NSFC(11773076 and 12073078)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0402703)science research grants from the China Manned Space Project(Nos.CMS-CSST-2021-A02,CMS-CSST-2021-A04 and CMS-CSST-2021-A07)support from the NSFC(11733006 and 12273052)support from the NSFC(12173079)support from the NSFC(U1831135)。
文摘GW170817 is the unique gravitational-wave(GW)event associated with the electromagnetic(EM)counterpart GRB 170817A.NGC 4993 is identified as the host galaxy of GW170817/GRB 170817A.In this paper,we focus on the spatially resolved properties of NGC 4993.We present the photometric results from the comprehensive data analysis of the high spatial-resolution images in the different optical bands.The morphological analysis reveals that NGC 4993 is a typical early-type galaxy without significant remnants of a major galaxy merger.The spatially resolved stellar population properties of NGC 4993 suggest that the galaxy center has passive evolution with the outskirt formed by gas accretion.We derive the merging rate of the compact object per galaxy by a co-evolution scenario of a supermassive black hole and its host galaxy.If the galaxy formation is at redshift 1.0,the merging rate per galaxy is from 3.2×10^(-4)to 7.7×10^(-5)within the merging decay time from 1.0 to 5.0 Gyr.The results provide vital information for ongoing GW EM counterpart detections.The Hubble space telescope data analysis presented in this paper can be also applied to Chinese Space Station Telescope research in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101606,82173105,81771775,81971471,and 32270800)Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(2022HWYQ-028)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022MC012).
文摘Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)have been increasingly evidenced to be important bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota and transducers in controlling diverse psychiatric or neurological disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.However,the precise mechanism by which brain SCFAs extert multiple beneficial effects is not completely understood.Our previous research has demonstrated that the acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2(ACSS2)is a novel target of the rapid and long-lasting antidepressant responses.Here,we show that micromolar SCFAs significantly augment both total cellular and nuclear ACSS2 to trigger tryptophan hydroxylase 2(TPH2)promoter histone acetylation and its transcription in SH-SY5Y cells.In chronic-restraint-stress-induced depression mice,neuronal ACSS2 knockdown by stereotaxic injection of adeno-associated virus in the hippocampus abolished SCFA-mediated improvements in depressive-like behaviors of mice,supporting that ACSS2 is required for SCFA-mediated antidepressant responses.Mechanistically,the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)is identified as a novel partner of ACSS2 to activate TPH2 transcription.Importantly,PPARγis also responsible for SCFA-mediated antidepressant-like effects via ACSS2-TPH2 axis.To further support brain SCFAs as a therapeutic target for antidepressant effects,d-mannose,which is a naturally present hexose,can significantly reverse the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in the chronic-restraint-stress-exposure mice and augment brain SCFAs to protect against the depressive-like behaviors via ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis.In summary,brain SCFAs can activate ACSS2-PPARγ-TPH2 axis to play the antidepressive-like effects,and d-mannose is suggested to be an inducer of brain SCFAs in resisting depression.
基金support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(Grant No.2722024BQ050)“State-sponsored Post-doctoral Program of China”(Grant No.GZC20233136)+3 种基金Zheng acknowledges financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.skbsh2202-36)Li acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant No.72002059)the Shenzhen Peacock Plan research fund(Grant No.GA11409006)the Shenzhen Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences(Grant No.KP191002).
文摘To improve the usefulness of audit opinions,on 23 March 2021,the China Securities Regulatory Commission mandated that auditors disclose overall quantitative materiality of consolidated financial statements in special explanations of modified audit opinions.This paper selects Chinese A-share companies issued with modified audit opinions for the period of 2020-2022 as the research sample and analyzes the assessment of materiality in audit practice and the informativeness of audit materiality.Our findings are as follows.(1)The most commonly used bases for materiality by auditors are profit and income,with considerable differences in the percentages applied to the different bases and variations even within the same base.(2)The higher the materiality amount,the poorer the audit quality.This negative correlation is mainly observed in scenarios where the audited companies engage in downward earnings management and where the competency of audit firms or auditors is relatively low.(3)Companies that disclose quantitative materiality in the special explanations of modified audit opinions have a lower earnings response coefficient than companies that do not disclose audit materiality.This research sheds light on the“black box”of the audit process and verifies the information value of audit materiality.The conclusions are of significant value to auditing standard-setters,investors and regulators.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0500303)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(2208085UQ09 and 2208085UQ02)+2 种基金the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(YD2080002007 and KY2080000114)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(LSKJ202300305)the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project‘‘Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(Earth Lab)。
文摘Typhoons pose significant threats to coastal and inland regions,with their impacts exacerbated by climate change and population growth[1].Recent studies have shown increased frequency of powerful storms,slower translation speeds,northward shifts in the Western North Pacific(WNP)basin,and a near tripling of global exposure to typhoons since 1970[1-4].These changes present new challenges for forecasters and researchers,particularly in predicting impacts on inland and high-latitude populations lacking prior exposure or resilience to typhoon effects.
基金This project was financially supported by the Key Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(No.2017B030311017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370740)+1 种基金the Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(No.2018A030313845)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M633076).
文摘The human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)envelope protein gp120 is the major contributor to the pathogenesis of HIVassociated neurocognitive disorder(HAND).Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in gp120-induced neuropathology,but how gp120 triggers neuroinflammatory processes and subsequent neuronal death remains unknown.Here,we provide evidence that NLRP3 is required for gp120-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathy.Our results showed that gp120-induced NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis and IL-1βproduction in microglia.Inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation alleviated gp120-mediated neuroinflammatory factor release and neuronal injury.Importantly,we showed that chronic administration of MCC950,a novel selective NLRP3 inhibitor,to gp120 transgenic mice not only attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal death but also promoted neuronal regeneration and restored the impaired neurocognitive function.In conclusion,our data revealed that the NLRP3 inflammasome is important for gp120-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathology and suggest that NLRP3 is a potential novel target for the treatment of HAND.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41376005 and 41505004)the National Key Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFA0602100)+1 种基金the Chinese Polar Environmental Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Program,and the Open Project Program(KLME1508)the Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology。
文摘Over Antarctica,surface fluxes play an important role in the local atmospheric dynamical processes.To reveal the surface fluxes characteristics and aerodynamic and thermal roughness lengths over Zhongshan station,Antarctica,this paper analyzes the data observed at the station during 3 March 2008 through 15 February 2009.It is found that easterlies dominated this site throughout the whole year,with a maximum(average)speed of 25(5.6)m s−1 at 3.9 m height,and the annual maximum(minimum)surface temperature reached 291.05(230.05)K,while the annual maximum(minimum)air-specific humidity was 4.1(0.05)g/kg at 3.9 m height.The maximum(minimum)values of seasonal mean temperature,humidity,each radiation components,sensible and latent heat flux occurred in summer(winter),while for the seasonal averaged wind speed andτthe minimums(maximums)appeared in summer(autumn).After comparing with a partially linear regression method for aerodynamic roughness length and four previous equations that derive thermal roughness length from surface Reynolds number,constant values of aerodynamic roughness length as 3.6×10^(−3)m and thermal roughness length as 1.2×10^(−4)m at this site were validated by using the other three level observations and suggested for future studies.
