BACKGROUND： This study aimed to explore the effects of TNF-α on the expression of IP3R1 mRNA and protein in human mesangial cells （HMCs）, and to elucidate the mechanism of TNF-α relating to IP3R1 expression in th...BACKGROUND： This study aimed to explore the effects of TNF-α on the expression of IP3R1 mRNA and protein in human mesangial cells （HMCs）, and to elucidate the mechanism of TNF-α relating to IP3R1 expression in the occurrence of hepatorenal syndrome （HRS）.METHODS： HMCs were stimulated by tumor （TNF-α） with 100 ng/mL for different hours （2, 4, 8, and 24 hours）. The expression changes of IP3R1 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Several inhibitors including D609, U73122, PP1, safingol, rottlerin and non-radioactive protein kinase C （PKC） were used to examine the mechanism of signal transduction of TNF-α-regulated IP3R1 in HMCs.RESULTS： The levels of IP3R1 mRNA at 2 hours after TNF-α exposure were significantly enhanced and peaked at 8 hours in HMCs （P〈0.01）, then descended at 24 hours （P〈0.01）. The levels of IP3R1 protein at 4 hours after TNF-α exposure were obviously increased and peaked at 24 hours after TNF-α exposure （P〈0.01）. Compared to the control group, safingol （PKCa inhibitor） and D609 （phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor） significantly blocked the TNF-α- induced expression of IP3R1 mRNA （3.30±0.81 vs. 1.95±0.13, P〈0.05; 2.10±0.49, P〈0.01） and IP3R1 protein （3.09±0.13 vs. 1.86±0.39, P〈0.01; 1.98±0.02, P〈0.01）. TNF-α promoted PKCa activation with maximal PKCa phosphorylation that occurred 8 hours after stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay, and the effect was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with D609 or safingol.CONCLUSION： TNF-α increased the expression of IP3R1 and this was mediated, at least in part, through the PC-PLC/PKCa signaling pathways in HMCs.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of tectorigenin on human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)HepG2 cells.METHODS:Tectorigenin,one of the main components of rhizome of Iris tectorum,was prepared by simple methods,such as extra...AIM:To investigate the effects of tectorigenin on human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)HepG2 cells.METHODS:Tectorigenin,one of the main components of rhizome of Iris tectorum,was prepared by simple methods,such as extraction,filtration,concentration,precipitation and recrystallization.HepG2 cells were incubated with tectorigenin at different concentrations,and their viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Apoptosis was detected by morphological observation of nuclear change,agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA ladder,and flow cytometry with Hoechst 33342,Annexin V-EGFP and propidium iodide staining.Generation of reactive oxygen species was quantified using DCFH-DA.Intracellular Ca2+was monitored by Fura 2-AM.Mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored using Rhodamine 123.Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was detected by Western blotting.Activities of caspase-3,-8 and-9 were investigated by Caspase Activity Assay Kit.RESULTS:The viability of HepG2 cells treated by tectorigenin decreased in a concentration-and timedependent manner.The concentration that reduced the number of viable HepG2 cells by 50%(IC50)after 12,24 and 48 h of incubation was 35.72 mg/L,21.19 mg/L and 11.06 mg/L,respectively.However,treatment with tectorigenin at 20 mg/L resulted in a very slight cytotoxicity to L02 cells after incubation for 12,24 or 48 h.Tectorigenin at a concentration of 20 mg/L greatly inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells and induced the condensation of chromatin and fragmentation of nuclei.Tectorigenin induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Compared with the viability rate,induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism of the anti-proliferation effect of tectorigenin in HepG2 cells.Furthermore,tectorigenininduced apoptosis of HepG2 cells was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species,increased intracellular[Ca2+]i,loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,translocation of cytochrome c,and activation of caspase-9 and-3.CONCLUSION:Tectorigenin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells mainly via mitochondrial-mediated pathway,and produces a slight cytotoxicity to L02 cells.展开更多
Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a clinical risk model that is predictive of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients hos- pitalized with acute heart failure （AHF）. Methods 2486 patients who were 60 ...Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a clinical risk model that is predictive of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients hos- pitalized with acute heart failure （AHF）. Methods 2486 patients who were 60 years and older from intensive care units of Cardiology De- partment in the hospital were analyzed. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were obtained by binary logistic regression and then used to establish the risk prediction score system （RPSS）. The area under the curve （AUC） of receiver operator characteristic and C-statistic test were adopted to assess the performance of RPSS and to compare with previous get with the guidelines-heart failure （GWTG-HF）. Re- sults By binary logistic regression analysis, heart rate （OR： 1.043, 95% CI： 1.030-1.057, P 〈 0.001）, left ventricular ejection fraction （OR： 0.918, 95% CI： 0.833~）.966, P 〈 0.001）, pH value （OR： 0.001, 95% CI： 0.000-0.002, P 〈 0.001）, renal dysfunction （OR： 0.120, 95% CI： 0.066M）.220, P 〈 0.001） and NT-pro BNP （OR： 3.463, 95% CI： 1.870-6.413, P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortal- ity for elderly AHF patients. Additionally, RPSS, which was composed of all the above-mentioned parameters, provided a better risk predic- tion than GWTG-THF （AUC： 0.873 vs. 0.818, P = 0.016）. Conclusions Our risk prediction model, RPSS, provided a good prediction for in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with A/IF.展开更多
Baizhi, as a medicinal plant, has been demonstrated to be useful for the treatment of aches and pains in China. The physicochemical characterization of Baizhi particles is greatly influenced by ultrafine pulverization...Baizhi, as a medicinal plant, has been demonstrated to be useful for the treatment of aches and pains in China. The physicochemical characterization of Baizhi particles is greatly influenced by ultrafine pulverization. To study the physicochemical characterization of Baizhi, the raw plant material of Baizhi was ground to 6 μm particles by a high speed centrifugal sheering （HSCS） pulverizer. The micron particles were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Imperatorin is one of the active ingredients of Baizhi, and its extraction yield is determined to evaluate the chemical characterization of Baizhi powder. Imperatorin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results show that after ultrafine pulverization, the plant cell walls are broken into pieces and the extraction yield of imperatorin is increased by 11.93% compared with the normal particles.展开更多
Melatonin has been reported to inhibit hepatic fibrosis and the mechanism may be correlated to its anti-oxidant effect. Nevertheless, the mechanism is not completely identified. This study was conducted to investigate...Melatonin has been reported to inhibit hepatic fibrosis and the mechanism may be correlated to its anti-oxidant effect. Nevertheless, the mechanism is not completely identified. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of melatonin on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in liver fibrosis in rats. The liver fibrosis model was made by the subcutaneous injection of CC14. The liver pathology changes were detected using hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） staining and Van Gieson （VG） staining. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） activities were measured with an autoanalyzer. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （Hyp） in liver were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 （p-Smad2/3） and Smad7 in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results showed that melatonin suppressed CC14-induced liver fibrosis, along with an improvement in histological changes, significant decreases in pathologic grading sores and obvious decreases in Hyp levels in liver. Melatonin improved liver function indicated by decreased serum ALT and AST activities. In addition, melatonin exerted its anti-oxidant effects, as supported by decreased MDA levels and increased GPx activities in liver. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited TGF-β1/Smad pathway, as evidenced by decreased TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 expression and increased Smad7 expression in liver. In conclusion, melatonin may suppress CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. It is possible for melatonin to be a potential reagent to treat and cure liver fibrosis.展开更多
AIM:To determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) on intestinal permeability(IP) in mice with fulminant hepatic failure(FHF),and the expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:We selected D-lactate...AIM:To determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) on intestinal permeability(IP) in mice with fulminant hepatic failure(FHF),and the expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:We selected D-lactate as an index of IP,induced FHF using D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine/TNF-α,assessed the results using an enzymatic-spectrophotometric method,transmission electron microscopy,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The effect of the administration of antiTNF-α immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibody,before the administration of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide,on TNF-α was also assessed.RESULTS:IP was significantly increased in the mouse model of FHF 6 h after injection(13.57 ± 1.70 mg/L,13.02 ± 1.97 mg/L vs 3.76 ± 0.67 mg/L,P = 0.001).Electron microscopic analysis revealed tight junction(TJ) disruptions,epithelial cell swelling,and atrophy of intestinal villi.Expression of occludin and claudin-1 mRNA was significantly decreased in both FHF models(occludin:0.57 ± 0.159 fold vs baseline,P = 0.000;claudin-1:0.3067 ± 0.1291 fold vs baseline,P = 0.003),as were the distribution density of proteins in the intestinal mucosa and the levels of occludin and claudin-1 protein(occludin:0.61 ± 0.0473 fold vs baseline,P = 0.000;claudin-1:0.6633 ± 0.0328 fold vs baseline,P = 0.000).Prophylactic treatment with antiTNF-α IgG antibody prevented changes in IP(4.50 ± 0.97 mg/L vs 3.76 ± 0.67 mg/L,P = 0.791),intestinal tissue ultrastructure,and the mRNA levels of occludin and claudin-1 expression(occludin:0.8865 ± 0.0274 fold vs baseline,P = 0.505;claudin-1:0.85 ± 0.1437 fold vs baseline,P = 0.1),and in the protein levels(occludin:0.9467 ± 0.0285 fold vs baseline,P > 0.05;claudin-1:0.9533 ± 0.0186 fold vs baseline,P = 0.148).CONCLUSION:Increased in IP stemmed from the downregulation of the TJ proteins occludin and claudin-1,and destruction of the TJ in the colon,which were induced by TNF-α in FHF mice.展开更多
As a typical technology for optical encryption,phase retrieval algorithms have been widely used in optical information encryption and authentication systems.This paper presents three applications of two-dimensional(2D...As a typical technology for optical encryption,phase retrieval algorithms have been widely used in optical information encryption and authentication systems.This paper presents three applications of two-dimensional(2D)phase retrieval for optical encryption and authentication:first,a hierarchical image encryption system,by which multiple images can be hidden into cascaded multiple phase masks;second,a multilevel image authentication system,which combines(t,n)threshold secret sharing(both t and n are positive integers,and t≤n)and phase retrieval,and provides both high-level and low-level authentication;and finally,a hierarchical multilevel authentication system that combines the secret sharing scheme based on basic vector operations and the phase retrieval,by which more certification images can be encoded into multiple cascaded phase masks of different hierarchical levels.These three phase retrieval algorithms can effectively illustrate phase-retrievalbased optical information security.The principles and features of each phase-retrieval-based optical security method are analyzed and discussed.It is hoped that this review will illustrate the current development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security and will also shed light on the future development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security.展开更多
Pre-stack seismic inversion is an important method for fluid identification and reservoir characterization in exploration geophysics. In this study, an effective fluid factor is initially established based on Biot por...Pre-stack seismic inversion is an important method for fluid identification and reservoir characterization in exploration geophysics. In this study, an effective fluid factor is initially established based on Biot poroelastic theory, and a pre-stack seismic inversion method based on Bayesian framework is used to implement the fluid identification. Compared with conventional elastic parameters, fluid factors are more sensitive to oil and gas. However, the coupling effect between rock porosity and fluid content is not considered in conventional fluid factors, which may lead to fuzzy fluid identification results. In addition,existing fluid factors do not adequately consider the physical mechanisms of fluid content, such as squirt flow between cracks and pores. Therefore, we propose a squirt fluid factor(SFF) that minimizes the fluid and pore mixing effects and takes into account the squirt flow. On this basis, a novel P-wave reflection coefficient equation is derived, and the squirt fluid factor is estimated by amplitude variation with offset(AVO) inversion method. The new reflection coefficient equation has sufficient accuracy and can be utilized to estimate the parameters. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in fluid identification are verified by the synthetic and field examples.展开更多
Background:It is aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-155 on diagnosing human breast cancer.Methods:Eligible studies were identified through multiple search strategies.The search was updated up until Apr...Background:It is aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-155 on diagnosing human breast cancer.Methods:Eligible studies were identified through multiple search strategies.The search was updated up until April 10,2020.Fagan’s nomogram,publication bias,meta-regression,sensitive analysis,area under the summary receiver operating characteristic(AUC),diagnostic odds ratio as well as pooled sensitivity and specificity were utilized to assess the capacity of miR-155 for diagnosis.The meta-analysis was conducted and the origin of the heterogenic property was investigated by Stata SE 12.0 and Meta-Disc software.Results:The meta-analysis contained 9 articles totally with the AUC,diagnostic odds ratio,specificity,pooled sensitivity of 0.90(95%CI,0.88–0.93),28.63(95%CI,11.22–73.04),0.82(95%CI,0.72–0.89)and 0.86(95%CI,0.76–0.93)separately.The negative and positive likelihood ratios were 0.14 and 5.Moreover,the heterogeneity was apparent but resulted from neither sensitivity analyses nor threshold effect.Conclusion:The evidence from this study indicates that miR-155 exhibits satisfactory performance on diagnosis for breast cancer.展开更多
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of bioengineering,cell biology,and biomaterials that seeks to create functional tissues for therapeutic purposes.It is a rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine ...Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of bioengineering,cell biology,and biomaterials that seeks to create functional tissues for therapeutic purposes.It is a rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine that has the potential to revolutionize the treatment for many diseases and injuries.General research areas mainly include the engineering of the cardiovascular system,bone and cartilage,oral cavity and skin,and other tissues[1].Skin tissue engineering is one of the earliest clinically applied,most mature and widely used products in the field of tissue engineering[2].展开更多
Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),is the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide.This study aimed to explore the role of TM6SF2 in high-fat diet(HFD)-induc...Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),is the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide.This study aimed to explore the role of TM6SF2 in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced MASLD through the gut-liver axis.Methods:The TM6SF2 gut-specific knockout(TM6SF2 GKO)mouse was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.TM6SF2 GKO and wild-type(CON)mice were fed either a HFD or a control diet for 16 weeks to induce MASLD.Blood,liver,and intestinal lipid content,as well as gut microbiota and serum metabolites,were then analyzed.Results:TM6SF2 GKO mice fed an HFD showed elevated liver and intestinal lipid deposition compared to CON mice.The gut microbiota of HFD-fed TM6SF2 GKO mice exhibited a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to HFD-fed CON mice.The HFD also reduced the diversity and abundance of the microbiota and altered its composition.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanineaminotransferase,and total cholesterol levels were higher in HFD-fed TM6SF2 GKO mice compared to CON mice,while triglyceride levels were lower.Serum metabolite analysis revealed that HFDfed TM6SF2 GKO mice had an increase in the expression of 17 metabolites(e.g.,LPC[18:0/0-0])and a decrease in 22 metabolites(e.g.,benzene sulfate).The differential metabolites of LPC(18:0/0-0)may serve as HFD-fed TM6SF2 serum biomarkers,leading to MASLD exacerbation in GKO mice.Conclusions:TM6SF2 GKO aggravates liver lipid accumulation and liver injury in MASLD mice.TM6SF2 may play an important role in regulating intestinal flora and the progression of MASLD through the gut-liver axis.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from Health Bureauof Jiangxi Province
文摘BACKGROUND： This study aimed to explore the effects of TNF-α on the expression of IP3R1 mRNA and protein in human mesangial cells （HMCs）, and to elucidate the mechanism of TNF-α relating to IP3R1 expression in the occurrence of hepatorenal syndrome （HRS）.METHODS： HMCs were stimulated by tumor （TNF-α） with 100 ng/mL for different hours （2, 4, 8, and 24 hours）. The expression changes of IP3R1 mRNA and protein were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Several inhibitors including D609, U73122, PP1, safingol, rottlerin and non-radioactive protein kinase C （PKC） were used to examine the mechanism of signal transduction of TNF-α-regulated IP3R1 in HMCs.RESULTS： The levels of IP3R1 mRNA at 2 hours after TNF-α exposure were significantly enhanced and peaked at 8 hours in HMCs （P〈0.01）, then descended at 24 hours （P〈0.01）. The levels of IP3R1 protein at 4 hours after TNF-α exposure were obviously increased and peaked at 24 hours after TNF-α exposure （P〈0.01）. Compared to the control group, safingol （PKCa inhibitor） and D609 （phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibitor） significantly blocked the TNF-α- induced expression of IP3R1 mRNA （3.30±0.81 vs. 1.95±0.13, P〈0.05; 2.10±0.49, P〈0.01） and IP3R1 protein （3.09±0.13 vs. 1.86±0.39, P〈0.01; 1.98±0.02, P〈0.01）. TNF-α promoted PKCa activation with maximal PKCa phosphorylation that occurred 8 hours after stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay, and the effect was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with D609 or safingol.CONCLUSION： TNF-α increased the expression of IP3R1 and this was mediated, at least in part, through the PC-PLC/PKCa signaling pathways in HMCs.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.NSFC30801417Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK2009010 and BK2008267+1 种基金Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China,No.RFDP200802841004Science Fund of Ministry of Health of China,No.LW201008
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of tectorigenin on human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)HepG2 cells.METHODS:Tectorigenin,one of the main components of rhizome of Iris tectorum,was prepared by simple methods,such as extraction,filtration,concentration,precipitation and recrystallization.HepG2 cells were incubated with tectorigenin at different concentrations,and their viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Apoptosis was detected by morphological observation of nuclear change,agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA ladder,and flow cytometry with Hoechst 33342,Annexin V-EGFP and propidium iodide staining.Generation of reactive oxygen species was quantified using DCFH-DA.Intracellular Ca2+was monitored by Fura 2-AM.Mitochondrial membrane potential was monitored using Rhodamine 123.Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was detected by Western blotting.Activities of caspase-3,-8 and-9 were investigated by Caspase Activity Assay Kit.RESULTS:The viability of HepG2 cells treated by tectorigenin decreased in a concentration-and timedependent manner.The concentration that reduced the number of viable HepG2 cells by 50%(IC50)after 12,24 and 48 h of incubation was 35.72 mg/L,21.19 mg/L and 11.06 mg/L,respectively.However,treatment with tectorigenin at 20 mg/L resulted in a very slight cytotoxicity to L02 cells after incubation for 12,24 or 48 h.Tectorigenin at a concentration of 20 mg/L greatly inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells and induced the condensation of chromatin and fragmentation of nuclei.Tectorigenin induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Compared with the viability rate,induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism of the anti-proliferation effect of tectorigenin in HepG2 cells.Furthermore,tectorigenininduced apoptosis of HepG2 cells was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species,increased intracellular[Ca2+]i,loss of mitochondrial membrane potential,translocation of cytochrome c,and activation of caspase-9 and-3.CONCLUSION:Tectorigenin induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells mainly via mitochondrial-mediated pathway,and produces a slight cytotoxicity to L02 cells.
文摘Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a clinical risk model that is predictive of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients hos- pitalized with acute heart failure （AHF）. Methods 2486 patients who were 60 years and older from intensive care units of Cardiology De- partment in the hospital were analyzed. Independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality were obtained by binary logistic regression and then used to establish the risk prediction score system （RPSS）. The area under the curve （AUC） of receiver operator characteristic and C-statistic test were adopted to assess the performance of RPSS and to compare with previous get with the guidelines-heart failure （GWTG-HF）. Re- sults By binary logistic regression analysis, heart rate （OR： 1.043, 95% CI： 1.030-1.057, P 〈 0.001）, left ventricular ejection fraction （OR： 0.918, 95% CI： 0.833~）.966, P 〈 0.001）, pH value （OR： 0.001, 95% CI： 0.000-0.002, P 〈 0.001）, renal dysfunction （OR： 0.120, 95% CI： 0.066M）.220, P 〈 0.001） and NT-pro BNP （OR： 3.463, 95% CI： 1.870-6.413, P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortal- ity for elderly AHF patients. Additionally, RPSS, which was composed of all the above-mentioned parameters, provided a better risk predic- tion than GWTG-THF （AUC： 0.873 vs. 0.818, P = 0.016）. Conclusions Our risk prediction model, RPSS, provided a good prediction for in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with A/IF.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2009AA043202)the Special Project of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China (No.200807054)
文摘Baizhi, as a medicinal plant, has been demonstrated to be useful for the treatment of aches and pains in China. The physicochemical characterization of Baizhi particles is greatly influenced by ultrafine pulverization. To study the physicochemical characterization of Baizhi, the raw plant material of Baizhi was ground to 6 μm particles by a high speed centrifugal sheering （HSCS） pulverizer. The micron particles were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Imperatorin is one of the active ingredients of Baizhi, and its extraction yield is determined to evaluate the chemical characterization of Baizhi powder. Imperatorin was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results show that after ultrafine pulverization, the plant cell walls are broken into pieces and the extraction yield of imperatorin is increased by 11.93% compared with the normal particles.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province （No. KJ2013A155） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81370529）.
文摘Melatonin has been reported to inhibit hepatic fibrosis and the mechanism may be correlated to its anti-oxidant effect. Nevertheless, the mechanism is not completely identified. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of melatonin on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in liver fibrosis in rats. The liver fibrosis model was made by the subcutaneous injection of CC14. The liver pathology changes were detected using hematoxylin and eosin （H＆E） staining and Van Gieson （VG） staining. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） activities were measured with an autoanalyzer. Glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydroxyproline （Hyp） in liver were evaluated by spectrophotometry. Expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 （p-Smad2/3） and Smad7 in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results showed that melatonin suppressed CC14-induced liver fibrosis, along with an improvement in histological changes, significant decreases in pathologic grading sores and obvious decreases in Hyp levels in liver. Melatonin improved liver function indicated by decreased serum ALT and AST activities. In addition, melatonin exerted its anti-oxidant effects, as supported by decreased MDA levels and increased GPx activities in liver. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited TGF-β1/Smad pathway, as evidenced by decreased TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 expression and increased Smad7 expression in liver. In conclusion, melatonin may suppress CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad pathway. It is possible for melatonin to be a potential reagent to treat and cure liver fibrosis.
基金Supported by National Ministry of Health of China,No.97100252
文摘AIM:To determine the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) on intestinal permeability(IP) in mice with fulminant hepatic failure(FHF),and the expression of tight junction proteins.METHODS:We selected D-lactate as an index of IP,induced FHF using D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine/TNF-α,assessed the results using an enzymatic-spectrophotometric method,transmission electron microscopy,immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The effect of the administration of antiTNF-α immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibody,before the administration of D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide,on TNF-α was also assessed.RESULTS:IP was significantly increased in the mouse model of FHF 6 h after injection(13.57 ± 1.70 mg/L,13.02 ± 1.97 mg/L vs 3.76 ± 0.67 mg/L,P = 0.001).Electron microscopic analysis revealed tight junction(TJ) disruptions,epithelial cell swelling,and atrophy of intestinal villi.Expression of occludin and claudin-1 mRNA was significantly decreased in both FHF models(occludin:0.57 ± 0.159 fold vs baseline,P = 0.000;claudin-1:0.3067 ± 0.1291 fold vs baseline,P = 0.003),as were the distribution density of proteins in the intestinal mucosa and the levels of occludin and claudin-1 protein(occludin:0.61 ± 0.0473 fold vs baseline,P = 0.000;claudin-1:0.6633 ± 0.0328 fold vs baseline,P = 0.000).Prophylactic treatment with antiTNF-α IgG antibody prevented changes in IP(4.50 ± 0.97 mg/L vs 3.76 ± 0.67 mg/L,P = 0.791),intestinal tissue ultrastructure,and the mRNA levels of occludin and claudin-1 expression(occludin:0.8865 ± 0.0274 fold vs baseline,P = 0.505;claudin-1:0.85 ± 0.1437 fold vs baseline,P = 0.1),and in the protein levels(occludin:0.9467 ± 0.0285 fold vs baseline,P > 0.05;claudin-1:0.9533 ± 0.0186 fold vs baseline,P = 0.148).CONCLUSION:Increased in IP stemmed from the downregulation of the TJ proteins occludin and claudin-1,and destruction of the TJ in the colon,which were induced by TNF-α in FHF mice.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61775121,61605165,61307003,61405122,and 11574311)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.2018GGX101002)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ZR2019QF006)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University,China(Grant No.2015GN031)
文摘As a typical technology for optical encryption,phase retrieval algorithms have been widely used in optical information encryption and authentication systems.This paper presents three applications of two-dimensional(2D)phase retrieval for optical encryption and authentication:first,a hierarchical image encryption system,by which multiple images can be hidden into cascaded multiple phase masks;second,a multilevel image authentication system,which combines(t,n)threshold secret sharing(both t and n are positive integers,and t≤n)and phase retrieval,and provides both high-level and low-level authentication;and finally,a hierarchical multilevel authentication system that combines the secret sharing scheme based on basic vector operations and the phase retrieval,by which more certification images can be encoded into multiple cascaded phase masks of different hierarchical levels.These three phase retrieval algorithms can effectively illustrate phase-retrievalbased optical information security.The principles and features of each phase-retrieval-based optical security method are analyzed and discussed.It is hoped that this review will illustrate the current development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security and will also shed light on the future development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security.
基金the sponsorship of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41974119, 42030103)Science Foundation from Innovation and Technology Support Program for Young Scientists in Colleges of Shandong Province and Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2019RA2136)Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (2021QNLM020001-6)。
文摘Pre-stack seismic inversion is an important method for fluid identification and reservoir characterization in exploration geophysics. In this study, an effective fluid factor is initially established based on Biot poroelastic theory, and a pre-stack seismic inversion method based on Bayesian framework is used to implement the fluid identification. Compared with conventional elastic parameters, fluid factors are more sensitive to oil and gas. However, the coupling effect between rock porosity and fluid content is not considered in conventional fluid factors, which may lead to fuzzy fluid identification results. In addition,existing fluid factors do not adequately consider the physical mechanisms of fluid content, such as squirt flow between cracks and pores. Therefore, we propose a squirt fluid factor(SFF) that minimizes the fluid and pore mixing effects and takes into account the squirt flow. On this basis, a novel P-wave reflection coefficient equation is derived, and the squirt fluid factor is estimated by amplitude variation with offset(AVO) inversion method. The new reflection coefficient equation has sufficient accuracy and can be utilized to estimate the parameters. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in fluid identification are verified by the synthetic and field examples.
文摘Background:It is aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of miR-155 on diagnosing human breast cancer.Methods:Eligible studies were identified through multiple search strategies.The search was updated up until April 10,2020.Fagan’s nomogram,publication bias,meta-regression,sensitive analysis,area under the summary receiver operating characteristic(AUC),diagnostic odds ratio as well as pooled sensitivity and specificity were utilized to assess the capacity of miR-155 for diagnosis.The meta-analysis was conducted and the origin of the heterogenic property was investigated by Stata SE 12.0 and Meta-Disc software.Results:The meta-analysis contained 9 articles totally with the AUC,diagnostic odds ratio,specificity,pooled sensitivity of 0.90(95%CI,0.88–0.93),28.63(95%CI,11.22–73.04),0.82(95%CI,0.72–0.89)and 0.86(95%CI,0.76–0.93)separately.The negative and positive likelihood ratios were 0.14 and 5.Moreover,the heterogeneity was apparent but resulted from neither sensitivity analyses nor threshold effect.Conclusion:The evidence from this study indicates that miR-155 exhibits satisfactory performance on diagnosis for breast cancer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82003808)the The Open Project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources(Clinical Resources)Coordination Service Platform(No.TC2022B015).
文摘Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field of bioengineering,cell biology,and biomaterials that seeks to create functional tissues for therapeutic purposes.It is a rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine that has the potential to revolutionize the treatment for many diseases and injuries.General research areas mainly include the engineering of the cardiovascular system,bone and cartilage,oral cavity and skin,and other tissues[1].Skin tissue engineering is one of the earliest clinically applied,most mature and widely used products in the field of tissue engineering[2].
基金funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.82100618)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701820).
文摘Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),is the most common form of chronic liver disease worldwide.This study aimed to explore the role of TM6SF2 in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced MASLD through the gut-liver axis.Methods:The TM6SF2 gut-specific knockout(TM6SF2 GKO)mouse was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.TM6SF2 GKO and wild-type(CON)mice were fed either a HFD or a control diet for 16 weeks to induce MASLD.Blood,liver,and intestinal lipid content,as well as gut microbiota and serum metabolites,were then analyzed.Results:TM6SF2 GKO mice fed an HFD showed elevated liver and intestinal lipid deposition compared to CON mice.The gut microbiota of HFD-fed TM6SF2 GKO mice exhibited a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared to HFD-fed CON mice.The HFD also reduced the diversity and abundance of the microbiota and altered its composition.Aspartate aminotransferase,alanineaminotransferase,and total cholesterol levels were higher in HFD-fed TM6SF2 GKO mice compared to CON mice,while triglyceride levels were lower.Serum metabolite analysis revealed that HFDfed TM6SF2 GKO mice had an increase in the expression of 17 metabolites(e.g.,LPC[18:0/0-0])and a decrease in 22 metabolites(e.g.,benzene sulfate).The differential metabolites of LPC(18:0/0-0)may serve as HFD-fed TM6SF2 serum biomarkers,leading to MASLD exacerbation in GKO mice.Conclusions:TM6SF2 GKO aggravates liver lipid accumulation and liver injury in MASLD mice.TM6SF2 may play an important role in regulating intestinal flora and the progression of MASLD through the gut-liver axis.
