Fine particle detachment and subsequent migration can lead to severe pore plugging and consequent permeability decline.Therefore,it is crucial to quantify the critical condition when fine particle detachment occurs.Th...Fine particle detachment and subsequent migration can lead to severe pore plugging and consequent permeability decline.Therefore,it is crucial to quantify the critical condition when fine particle detachment occurs.The frequently observed deviations or even contradictions between experimental results and theoretical predictions of fines detachment arise from an insufficient understanding of adhesion force that can be highly influenced by salinity and temperature.To clarify the intrinsic influence of salinity and temperature on fines detachment,adhesion forces between carboxyl microspheres and hydrophilic silica substrates in an aqueous medium were measured at various salinities and tempera-tures using atomic force microscopy(AFM).The AFM-measured adhesion force decreases with increasing salinity or temperature.Trends of mean measured adhesion forces with temperature and salinity were compared with the DLVO and XDLVO theories.DLVO theory captured the trend with temperature via the impact of temperature on electric double layer interactions,whereas XDLVO theory captured the observed trend with salinity via the impact of salinity on the repulsive hydration force.Our results highlight the significance of hydration force in accurately predicting the fate of fines in porous media.展开更多
Biliary stent placement and removal are common medical procedures,but they carry risks of chyme regurgitation and residual common bile duct stones(CBDS),highlighting the necessity of intra-biliary cleansing during sec...Biliary stent placement and removal are common medical procedures,but they carry risks of chyme regurgitation and residual common bile duct stones(CBDS),highlighting the necessity of intra-biliary cleansing during secondary endoscopic stent removal.AIM To compare the incidence of chyme reflux into the common bile duct and residual or recurrent CBDS,and the safety of intra-biliary cleansing during secondary duodenoscopic removal of duodenal bend vs single pigtail biliary stents.METHODS We included 554 patients undergoing secondary duodenoscopy for biliary stent removal and intra-biliary cleansing from March 2019 to September 2024.Patients were divided into a single pigtail biliary stent group and a duodenal bend biliary stent group(DBBSG).Chyme reflux and CBDS occurrences were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS The median age of the patients included was 62 years(interquartile range:51-70),with 53.11%being female.During stent removal,DBBSG showed higher rates of chyme reflux(23.27%vs 9.65%,P<0.001)and CBDS(42.77%vs 21.05%,P<0.001)compared to the single pigtail biliary stent group.No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05),and no serious events or deaths occurred.DBBSG patients had increased risks of chyme reflux(hazard ratio=2.793;95%confidence interval:1.695-4.603;P<0.001)and CBDS(hazard ratio:2.475;95%confidence interval:1.732-3.536;P<0.001).CONCLUSION Duodenal bend biliary stents increase the risk of chyme reflux into the common bile duct and CBDS.The safety of intra-biliary cleaning during stent removal has been validated,and as a result,it is recommended that endoscopists perform intra-biliary cleaning during duodenoscopic removal of duodenal bend biliary stents.展开更多
BACKGROUND Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPBR)is characterized by the absence of congenital anomalies at the pancreaticobiliary junction yet leads to altered bile composition and an increased incidence of gallbladd...BACKGROUND Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPBR)is characterized by the absence of congenital anomalies at the pancreaticobiliary junction yet leads to altered bile composition and an increased incidence of gallbladder stones.AIM To explore the computed tomography(CT)imaging characteristics of gallbladder stones in patients diagnosed with OPBR.METHODS We analyzed 362 patients undergoing cholecystectomy(November 2020 to January 2022).Intraoperative bile samples were assayed for amylase(>110 U/L indicated OPBR).CT features,including stone density and visibility,were compared between 54 OPBR and 308 controls.Stone attenuation(HU)was measured under standardized conditions(uCT-780,120 kVp,160 mAs).Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified independent OPBR predictors,forming a validated nomogram.RESULTS OPBR patients exhibited significantly higher rates of CT-invisible stones(35.2%vs 12.3%)and uniform stones(87%vs 73.1%)along with lower overall stone density(P=0.01).Logistic regression identified stone visibility,uniformity,and density as independent predictors.A nomogram integrating these features with patient age achieved high diagnostic accuracy(area under the curve=0.71).CONCLUSION CT imaging distinctly identifies gallbladder stone density,indicating a heightened risk of OPBR in patients with uniform and CT-invisible stones.Such imaging is crucial for preoperative assessments to evaluate potential recurrent biliary pathologies post-cholecystectomy.展开更多
A novel concept of treating oil reservoirs by nanofluids is being developed to improve oil recovery and reduce the trapped oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs.Nanoparticles show great potential in enhancing oil recovery und...A novel concept of treating oil reservoirs by nanofluids is being developed to improve oil recovery and reduce the trapped oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs.Nanoparticles show great potential in enhancing oil recovery under ambient conditions.In this paper,the approaches of wettability alteration by using nanofluid,stability of nanofluids,and the most reliable wettability alteration mechanisms associated with variant types of nanoparticles have been reviewed.Moreover,the parameters that have a significant influence on nanofluid flooding have been discussed.Finally,the recent studies of the effect of nanoparticles on wettability alteration have been summarised and analysed.Furthermore,this paper presents possible opportunities and challenges regarding wettability alteration using nanofluids.展开更多
Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir,but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configurati...Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir,but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configuration.Many researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance,while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the reservoir.In this study,a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe Oilfield.The fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were discussed.Gas-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas-oil gravity difference,and its feasibility in the karst fault system was examined.Experimental results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water flooding.Gas injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas breakthrough.Gas-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location,and thus,the oil recovery was further enhanced.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the pathogenesis of biliary casts after liver transplantation relative to their morphology and biochemical markers.METHODS:The microstructure of biliary casts was assessed using scanning electron mi...AIM:To investigate the pathogenesis of biliary casts after liver transplantation relative to their morphology and biochemical markers.METHODS:The microstructure of biliary casts was assessed using scanning electron microscopy and Hematoxylin and eosin staining assessed their histology.The expression levels of CD3,CD5,CD34,CD68 and CD79a in these biliary casts were evaluated immunohistochemically.RESULTS:Biliary casts differed widely in their microstructure,with some containing blood vessels positive for CD34 and collagen fibers with positive Masson staining.Large numbers of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells were present,but only on the edge of the biliary casts;although the boundaries were clear without crossover.None of the biliary casts contained T-lymphocytes,B-lymphocytes,macrophages and other inflammatory cells.CONCLUSION:The microcostructure of biliary casts differed.Bacteria and acute rejection are not clearly related to their formation.展开更多
Ganglion cells(RGCs) are the sole output neurons of the retinal circuity. Here, we investigated whether and how dopamine D2 receptors modulate the excitability of dissociated rat RGCs. Application of the selective D2 ...Ganglion cells(RGCs) are the sole output neurons of the retinal circuity. Here, we investigated whether and how dopamine D2 receptors modulate the excitability of dissociated rat RGCs. Application of the selective D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited outward K^+ currents, which were mainly mediated by glybenclamide-and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive channels, but not the tetraethylammonium-sensitive channel. In addition,quinpirole selectively enhanced Nav1.6 voltage-gated Na^+ currents. The intracellular c AMP/protein kinase A,Ca^2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways were responsible for the effects of quinpirole on K^+ and Na^+ currents, while phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling was not involved. Under current-clamp conditions, the number of action potentials evoked by positive current injection was increased by quinpirole. Our results suggest that D2 receptor activation increases RGC excitability by suppressing outward K+currents and enhancing Nav1.6 currents, which may affect retinal visual information processing.展开更多
Fibrin glue is widely used in clinical practice and plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications.We report a case of a 65-year-old man, whose common bile duct was injured by fibrin glue, with a hist...Fibrin glue is widely used in clinical practice and plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications.We report a case of a 65-year-old man, whose common bile duct was injured by fibrin glue, with a history of failed laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open operation for uncontrolled laparoscopic bleeding.In view of thepersistent liver dysfunction, xanthochromia and skin itching, the patient was admitted to us for further management.Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) revealed multiple stones in the common bile duct, and liver function tests confirmed the presence of obstructive jaundice and liver damage.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was unsuccessfully performed to remove choledocholithiasis, but a small amount of tissue was removed and pathologically confirmed as calcified biliary mucosa.This was followed by open surgery for suspicious cholangiocarcinoma.There was no evidence of cholangiocarcinoma, but the common bile duct wall had a defect of 8 mm × 10 mm at Calot's triangle.A hard, grid-like foreign body was removed, which proved to be solid fibrin glue.Subsequently, the residual choledocholithiasis was removed by a choledochoscopic procedure, and the common bile duct deletion was repaired by liver round ligament with T-tube drainage.Six months later, endoscopy was performed through the T-tube fistula and showed a well-repaired bile duct wall.Eight months later, MRCP confirmed no bile duct stenosis.A review of reported cases showed that fibrin glue is widely used in surgery, but it can also cause organ damage.Its mechanism may be related to discharge reactions.展开更多
Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a...Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a long-term stabilization of plugging agents.In this work,we developed an anti-hightemperature and high-salinity polymer gel(APG)with excellent resistance to high temperature(140℃)and ultra-high salinity(240000 mg/L).The rheology and microstructure of APG were characterized before and after gelation.Core plugging tests on fractured cubic cores were conducted to quantify the plugging performance of the gel system.Experimental results showed that the Sclerglucan and Cobalt(Ⅱ)Chloride Hexahydrate filled the three-dimensional(3-D)network with various morphologies,providing extra protection to the cross-linking points of the 3D network structure of APG and thus,leading to a prolongation of the dehydration time.The dehydration rate of APG was only 5%within 30days,and the strength of APG could be maintained at a rigid or near-rigid level over 150 days.Moreover,APG exhibited satisfactory shear and scour resistance.Core plugging tests showed that APG could achieve a plugging rate of 90%and demonstrate ignorable minor damage to the substrate.Our results indicate that APG can serve as a great candidate in channel plugging in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs where fractures are fully developed.展开更多
Tight conglomerate reservoirs are featured with extremely low permeability,strong heterogeneity and poor water injectivity.CO_(2) huff-n-puff has been considered a promising candidate to enhance oil recovery in tight ...Tight conglomerate reservoirs are featured with extremely low permeability,strong heterogeneity and poor water injectivity.CO_(2) huff-n-puff has been considered a promising candidate to enhance oil recovery in tight reservoirs,owing to its advantages in reducing oil viscosity,improving mobility ratio,quickly replenishing formation pressure,and potentially achieving a miscible state.However,reliable inhouse laboratory evaluation of CO_(2) huff-n-puff in natural conglomerate cores is challenging due to the inherent high formation pressure.In this study,we put forward an equivalent method based on the similarity of the miscibility index and Grashof number to acquire a lab-controllable pressure that features the flow characteristics of CO_(2) injection in a tight conglomerate reservoir.The impacts of depletion degree,pore volume injection of CO_(2) and soaking time on ultimate oil recovery in tight cores from the Mahu conglomerate reservoir were successfully tested at an equivalent pressure.Our results showed that oil recovery decreased with increased depletion degree while exhibiting a non-monotonic tendency(first increased and then decreased)with increased CO_(2) injection volume and soaking time.The lower oil recoveries under excess CO_(2) injection and soaking time were attributed to limited CO_(2) dissolution and asphaltene precipitation.This work guides secure and reliable laboratory design of CO_(2) huff-n-puff in tight reservoirs with high formation pressure.展开更多
BACKGROUND The lack of effective pharmacotherapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is mainly attributed to insufficient research on its pathogenesis.The pathogenesis of TM6SF2-efficient NAFLD remains unclea...BACKGROUND The lack of effective pharmacotherapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is mainly attributed to insufficient research on its pathogenesis.The pathogenesis of TM6SF2-efficient NAFLD remains unclear,resulting in a lack of therapeutic strategies for TM6SF2-deficient patients.AIM To investigate the role of TM6SF2 in fatty acid metabolism in the context of fatty liver and propose possible therapeutic strategies for NAFLD caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.METHODS Liver samples collected from both NAFLD mouse models and human participants(80 cases)were used to evaluate the expression of TM6SF2 by using western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RNA-seq data retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to confirm the over-expression of TM6SF2.Knockdown and overexpression of TM6SF2 were performed to clarify the mechanistic basis of hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD.MK-4074 administration was used as a therapeutic intervention to evaluate its effect on NAFLD caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.RESULTS Hepatic TM6SF2 levels were elevated in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD mouse models.TM6SF2 overexpression can reduce hepatic lipid accumulation,suggesting a protective role for TM6SF2 in a high-fat diet(HFD).Downregulation of TM6SF2,simulating the TM6SF2 E167K mutation condition,increases intracellular lipid deposition due to dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and is characterized by enhanced fatty acid uptake and synthesis,accompanied by impaired fatty acid oxidation.Owing to the potential effect of TM6SF2 deficiency on lipid metabolism,the application of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor(MK-4074)could reverse the NAFLD phenotypes caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.CONCLUSION TM6SF2 plays a protective role in the HFD condition;its deficiency enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation through dysregulated fatty acid metabolism,and MK-4074 treatment could alleviate the NAFLD phenotypes caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.展开更多
BACKGROUND Phospholipase A2(PLA2)enzymes are pivotal in various biological processes,such as lipid mediator production,membrane remodeling,bioenergetics,and maintaining the body surface barrier.Notably,these enzymes p...BACKGROUND Phospholipase A2(PLA2)enzymes are pivotal in various biological processes,such as lipid mediator production,membrane remodeling,bioenergetics,and maintaining the body surface barrier.Notably,these enzymes play a significant role in the development of diverse tumors.AIM To systematically and comprehensively explore the expression of the PLA2 family genes and their potential implications in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).METHODS We conducted an analysis of five CCA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus.The study identified differentially expressed genes between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues,with a focus on PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was utilized to pinpoint associated pathways.Moreover,relevant hub genes and microRNAs for PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B were predicted,and their correlation with the prognosis of CCA was evaluated.RESULTS PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B were discerned as differentially expressed in CCA,manifesting significant variations in expression levels in urine and serum between CCA patients and healthy individuals.Elevated expression of PLA2G2A was correlated with poorer overall survival in CCA patients.Additionally,the study delineated pathways and miRNAs associated with these genes.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B may serve as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for CCA.The increased levels of these genes in biological fluids could be employed as non-invasive markers for CCA,and their expression levels are indicative of prognosis,underscoring their potential utility in clinical settings.展开更多
Background:The analysis and prediction of pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR)play a crucial role in planning surgical interventions for hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases,considering the uncertain mechanism behind it.Howev...Background:The analysis and prediction of pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR)play a crucial role in planning surgical interventions for hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases,considering the uncertain mechanism behind it.However,current practices are limited by fragmented clinical observations,making it challenging to visualize the complex phenomenon in the pancreaticobiliary junction(PBJ)through imaging and radiography experiments.This study aimed to comprehensively describe the retrograde flow characteristics in various PBR scenarios and assess the factors leading to PBR using simulations based on idealized geometry and boundary conditions.Methods:By Cadence Pointwise,we developed a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model using an idealized PBJ system.Standard parameters such as pressure and viscosity were applied,along with typical assumptions relevant to fluid dynamic modeling.Subsequently,based on the aforementioned basic idealized model,we analyzed 8 hypothetical PBR conditions,covering a range of high(shorter)and low(longer)values or different positions for each specific parameter,at a representative stage of a peristaltic propagation cycle of the Oddi's sphincter.Results:We modeled a two-dimensional PBJ with the propagation of a peristaltic wave.These findings demonstrated that the shortened septum,the extended ampulla,the increased wavelength and enhanced amplitude of the Oddi's sphincterial peristalsis,the widened diameter difference and the increased pressure difference between the common bile duct(CBD)and the main pancreatic duct(MPD),as well as the gravitational effect(position),strongly impacted PBR,while the viscosity of bile and pancreatic juice had a weaker influence.Additionally,an inequality incorporating these risk factors was developed for the evaluation of whether reflux occurs.Conclusions:Numerical simulation can be used to describe the reflux flow field,offering the possibility to visualize and analyze PBR,which has the potential to significantly revolutionize the understanding of PBR and improve clinical decision-making.Future work should focus on bridging the gap between CFD and clinical practice.展开更多
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52474059,Grant No.52174046)are greatly acknowledged.
文摘Fine particle detachment and subsequent migration can lead to severe pore plugging and consequent permeability decline.Therefore,it is crucial to quantify the critical condition when fine particle detachment occurs.The frequently observed deviations or even contradictions between experimental results and theoretical predictions of fines detachment arise from an insufficient understanding of adhesion force that can be highly influenced by salinity and temperature.To clarify the intrinsic influence of salinity and temperature on fines detachment,adhesion forces between carboxyl microspheres and hydrophilic silica substrates in an aqueous medium were measured at various salinities and tempera-tures using atomic force microscopy(AFM).The AFM-measured adhesion force decreases with increasing salinity or temperature.Trends of mean measured adhesion forces with temperature and salinity were compared with the DLVO and XDLVO theories.DLVO theory captured the trend with temperature via the impact of temperature on electric double layer interactions,whereas XDLVO theory captured the observed trend with salinity via the impact of salinity on the repulsive hydration force.Our results highlight the significance of hydration force in accurately predicting the fate of fines in porous media.
基金Supported by the Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission,No.PWZzk2022-17the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong,No.PWYts2021-06+1 种基金Clinical Research Project of Shanghai East Hospital,No.DFLC2022019Shanghai Dongfang Hospital Key Discipline Department of Gallstone Disease,No.2024-DFZD-005DS.
文摘Biliary stent placement and removal are common medical procedures,but they carry risks of chyme regurgitation and residual common bile duct stones(CBDS),highlighting the necessity of intra-biliary cleansing during secondary endoscopic stent removal.AIM To compare the incidence of chyme reflux into the common bile duct and residual or recurrent CBDS,and the safety of intra-biliary cleansing during secondary duodenoscopic removal of duodenal bend vs single pigtail biliary stents.METHODS We included 554 patients undergoing secondary duodenoscopy for biliary stent removal and intra-biliary cleansing from March 2019 to September 2024.Patients were divided into a single pigtail biliary stent group and a duodenal bend biliary stent group(DBBSG).Chyme reflux and CBDS occurrences were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTS The median age of the patients included was 62 years(interquartile range:51-70),with 53.11%being female.During stent removal,DBBSG showed higher rates of chyme reflux(23.27%vs 9.65%,P<0.001)and CBDS(42.77%vs 21.05%,P<0.001)compared to the single pigtail biliary stent group.No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05),and no serious events or deaths occurred.DBBSG patients had increased risks of chyme reflux(hazard ratio=2.793;95%confidence interval:1.695-4.603;P<0.001)and CBDS(hazard ratio:2.475;95%confidence interval:1.732-3.536;P<0.001).CONCLUSION Duodenal bend biliary stents increase the risk of chyme reflux into the common bile duct and CBDS.The safety of intra-biliary cleaning during stent removal has been validated,and as a result,it is recommended that endoscopists perform intra-biliary cleaning during duodenoscopic removal of duodenal bend biliary stents.
基金Supported by Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission,No.PWZzk2022-17Shanghai East Hospital Clinical Research Project,No.DFLC2022019the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District,No.PWYts2021-06.
文摘BACKGROUND Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPBR)is characterized by the absence of congenital anomalies at the pancreaticobiliary junction yet leads to altered bile composition and an increased incidence of gallbladder stones.AIM To explore the computed tomography(CT)imaging characteristics of gallbladder stones in patients diagnosed with OPBR.METHODS We analyzed 362 patients undergoing cholecystectomy(November 2020 to January 2022).Intraoperative bile samples were assayed for amylase(>110 U/L indicated OPBR).CT features,including stone density and visibility,were compared between 54 OPBR and 308 controls.Stone attenuation(HU)was measured under standardized conditions(uCT-780,120 kVp,160 mAs).Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified independent OPBR predictors,forming a validated nomogram.RESULTS OPBR patients exhibited significantly higher rates of CT-invisible stones(35.2%vs 12.3%)and uniform stones(87%vs 73.1%)along with lower overall stone density(P=0.01).Logistic regression identified stone visibility,uniformity,and density as independent predictors.A nomogram integrating these features with patient age achieved high diagnostic accuracy(area under the curve=0.71).CONCLUSION CT imaging distinctly identifies gallbladder stone density,indicating a heightened risk of OPBR in patients with uniform and CT-invisible stones.Such imaging is crucial for preoperative assessments to evaluate potential recurrent biliary pathologies post-cholecystectomy.
文摘A novel concept of treating oil reservoirs by nanofluids is being developed to improve oil recovery and reduce the trapped oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs.Nanoparticles show great potential in enhancing oil recovery under ambient conditions.In this paper,the approaches of wettability alteration by using nanofluid,stability of nanofluids,and the most reliable wettability alteration mechanisms associated with variant types of nanoparticles have been reviewed.Moreover,the parameters that have a significant influence on nanofluid flooding have been discussed.Finally,the recent studies of the effect of nanoparticles on wettability alteration have been summarised and analysed.Furthermore,this paper presents possible opportunities and challenges regarding wettability alteration using nanofluids.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(51504268)National Technology Major Project of China(2016ZX05014).
文摘Gas injection serves as a main enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir,but its effect differs among single wells and multi-well groups because of the diverse fractured-vuggy configuration.Many researchers conducted experiments for the observation of fluid flow and the evaluation of production performance,while most of their physical models were fabricated based on the probability distribution of fractures and caves in the reservoir.In this study,a two-dimensional physical model of the karst fault system was designed and fabricated based on the geological model of TK748 well group in the seventh block of the Tahe Oilfield.The fluid flow and production performance of primary gas flooding were discussed.Gas-assisted gravity flooding was firstly introduced to take full use of gas-oil gravity difference,and its feasibility in the karst fault system was examined.Experimental results showed that primary gas flooding created more flow paths and achieved a remarkable increment of oil recovery compared to water flooding.Gas injection at a lower location was recommended to delay gas breakthrough.Gas-assisted gravity flooding achieved more stable gas-displacing-oil because oil production was at a lower location,and thus,the oil recovery was further enhanced.
文摘AIM:To investigate the pathogenesis of biliary casts after liver transplantation relative to their morphology and biochemical markers.METHODS:The microstructure of biliary casts was assessed using scanning electron microscopy and Hematoxylin and eosin staining assessed their histology.The expression levels of CD3,CD5,CD34,CD68 and CD79a in these biliary casts were evaluated immunohistochemically.RESULTS:Biliary casts differed widely in their microstructure,with some containing blood vessels positive for CD34 and collagen fibers with positive Masson staining.Large numbers of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells were present,but only on the edge of the biliary casts;although the boundaries were clear without crossover.None of the biliary casts contained T-lymphocytes,B-lymphocytes,macrophages and other inflammatory cells.CONCLUSION:The microcostructure of biliary casts differed.Bacteria and acute rejection are not clearly related to their formation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671078,81790642,and 31872765)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018SHZDZX01)and ZJ Lab.
文摘Ganglion cells(RGCs) are the sole output neurons of the retinal circuity. Here, we investigated whether and how dopamine D2 receptors modulate the excitability of dissociated rat RGCs. Application of the selective D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited outward K^+ currents, which were mainly mediated by glybenclamide-and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive channels, but not the tetraethylammonium-sensitive channel. In addition,quinpirole selectively enhanced Nav1.6 voltage-gated Na^+ currents. The intracellular c AMP/protein kinase A,Ca^2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways were responsible for the effects of quinpirole on K^+ and Na^+ currents, while phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling was not involved. Under current-clamp conditions, the number of action potentials evoked by positive current injection was increased by quinpirole. Our results suggest that D2 receptor activation increases RGC excitability by suppressing outward K+currents and enhancing Nav1.6 currents, which may affect retinal visual information processing.
文摘Fibrin glue is widely used in clinical practice and plays an important role in reducing postoperative complications.We report a case of a 65-year-old man, whose common bile duct was injured by fibrin glue, with a history of failed laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open operation for uncontrolled laparoscopic bleeding.In view of thepersistent liver dysfunction, xanthochromia and skin itching, the patient was admitted to us for further management.Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) revealed multiple stones in the common bile duct, and liver function tests confirmed the presence of obstructive jaundice and liver damage.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was unsuccessfully performed to remove choledocholithiasis, but a small amount of tissue was removed and pathologically confirmed as calcified biliary mucosa.This was followed by open surgery for suspicious cholangiocarcinoma.There was no evidence of cholangiocarcinoma, but the common bile duct wall had a defect of 8 mm × 10 mm at Calot's triangle.A hard, grid-like foreign body was removed, which proved to be solid fibrin glue.Subsequently, the residual choledocholithiasis was removed by a choledochoscopic procedure, and the common bile duct deletion was repaired by liver round ligament with T-tube drainage.Six months later, endoscopy was performed through the T-tube fistula and showed a well-repaired bile duct wall.Eight months later, MRCP confirmed no bile duct stenosis.A review of reported cases showed that fibrin glue is widely used in surgery, but it can also cause organ damage.Its mechanism may be related to discharge reactions.
基金financial support of the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462020XKBH013)The Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462017YJRC037)+1 种基金Sponsored by CNPC Innovation Found(Grant No.2021DQ02-0202)Horizontal project of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company(Grant No.202108ZB0046)are also significantly acknowledged
文摘Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a long-term stabilization of plugging agents.In this work,we developed an anti-hightemperature and high-salinity polymer gel(APG)with excellent resistance to high temperature(140℃)and ultra-high salinity(240000 mg/L).The rheology and microstructure of APG were characterized before and after gelation.Core plugging tests on fractured cubic cores were conducted to quantify the plugging performance of the gel system.Experimental results showed that the Sclerglucan and Cobalt(Ⅱ)Chloride Hexahydrate filled the three-dimensional(3-D)network with various morphologies,providing extra protection to the cross-linking points of the 3D network structure of APG and thus,leading to a prolongation of the dehydration time.The dehydration rate of APG was only 5%within 30days,and the strength of APG could be maintained at a rigid or near-rigid level over 150 days.Moreover,APG exhibited satisfactory shear and scour resistance.Core plugging tests showed that APG could achieve a plugging rate of 90%and demonstrate ignorable minor damage to the substrate.Our results indicate that APG can serve as a great candidate in channel plugging in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs where fractures are fully developed.
基金This study is financially supported by CNPC Innovation Foundation(2020D-5007-0214)Major Strategic Project of CNPC(ZLZX2020-01-04)Beijing Municipal Excellent Talent Training Funds Youth Advanced Individual Project(2018000020124G163)。
文摘Tight conglomerate reservoirs are featured with extremely low permeability,strong heterogeneity and poor water injectivity.CO_(2) huff-n-puff has been considered a promising candidate to enhance oil recovery in tight reservoirs,owing to its advantages in reducing oil viscosity,improving mobility ratio,quickly replenishing formation pressure,and potentially achieving a miscible state.However,reliable inhouse laboratory evaluation of CO_(2) huff-n-puff in natural conglomerate cores is challenging due to the inherent high formation pressure.In this study,we put forward an equivalent method based on the similarity of the miscibility index and Grashof number to acquire a lab-controllable pressure that features the flow characteristics of CO_(2) injection in a tight conglomerate reservoir.The impacts of depletion degree,pore volume injection of CO_(2) and soaking time on ultimate oil recovery in tight cores from the Mahu conglomerate reservoir were successfully tested at an equivalent pressure.Our results showed that oil recovery decreased with increased depletion degree while exhibiting a non-monotonic tendency(first increased and then decreased)with increased CO_(2) injection volume and soaking time.The lower oil recoveries under excess CO_(2) injection and soaking time were attributed to limited CO_(2) dissolution and asphaltene precipitation.This work guides secure and reliable laboratory design of CO_(2) huff-n-puff in tight reservoirs with high formation pressure.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81670514 and No.81702337Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,No.202040065Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Scientific and Technological Project of Innovative Action,No.20ZR1411900.
文摘BACKGROUND The lack of effective pharmacotherapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is mainly attributed to insufficient research on its pathogenesis.The pathogenesis of TM6SF2-efficient NAFLD remains unclear,resulting in a lack of therapeutic strategies for TM6SF2-deficient patients.AIM To investigate the role of TM6SF2 in fatty acid metabolism in the context of fatty liver and propose possible therapeutic strategies for NAFLD caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.METHODS Liver samples collected from both NAFLD mouse models and human participants(80 cases)were used to evaluate the expression of TM6SF2 by using western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RNA-seq data retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to confirm the over-expression of TM6SF2.Knockdown and overexpression of TM6SF2 were performed to clarify the mechanistic basis of hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD.MK-4074 administration was used as a therapeutic intervention to evaluate its effect on NAFLD caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.RESULTS Hepatic TM6SF2 levels were elevated in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD mouse models.TM6SF2 overexpression can reduce hepatic lipid accumulation,suggesting a protective role for TM6SF2 in a high-fat diet(HFD).Downregulation of TM6SF2,simulating the TM6SF2 E167K mutation condition,increases intracellular lipid deposition due to dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and is characterized by enhanced fatty acid uptake and synthesis,accompanied by impaired fatty acid oxidation.Owing to the potential effect of TM6SF2 deficiency on lipid metabolism,the application of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor(MK-4074)could reverse the NAFLD phenotypes caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.CONCLUSION TM6SF2 plays a protective role in the HFD condition;its deficiency enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation through dysregulated fatty acid metabolism,and MK-4074 treatment could alleviate the NAFLD phenotypes caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.
基金Supported by the Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission,No.PWZzk2022-17Shanghai East Hospital Clinical Research Project,No.DFLC2022019and the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District,No.PWYts2021-06.
文摘BACKGROUND Phospholipase A2(PLA2)enzymes are pivotal in various biological processes,such as lipid mediator production,membrane remodeling,bioenergetics,and maintaining the body surface barrier.Notably,these enzymes play a significant role in the development of diverse tumors.AIM To systematically and comprehensively explore the expression of the PLA2 family genes and their potential implications in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA).METHODS We conducted an analysis of five CCA datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus.The study identified differentially expressed genes between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues,with a focus on PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B.Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was utilized to pinpoint associated pathways.Moreover,relevant hub genes and microRNAs for PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B were predicted,and their correlation with the prognosis of CCA was evaluated.RESULTS PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B were discerned as differentially expressed in CCA,manifesting significant variations in expression levels in urine and serum between CCA patients and healthy individuals.Elevated expression of PLA2G2A was correlated with poorer overall survival in CCA patients.Additionally,the study delineated pathways and miRNAs associated with these genes.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PLA2G2A and PLA2G12B may serve as novel potential diagnostic and prognostic markers for CCA.The increased levels of these genes in biological fluids could be employed as non-invasive markers for CCA,and their expression levels are indicative of prognosis,underscoring their potential utility in clinical settings.
基金supported by grants from the Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(PWZzk2022-17)the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District(PWYts2021-06)+2 种基金the Fund from Shanghai East Hospital(DFLC2022019,DFRC2018014 and 2024-DFZD-005DS)Hutchison Research Fund(2025HH-015)the Science and Technology Development Project of Medical and Health of Shandong Province(202010000131 and 202104070065)。
文摘Background:The analysis and prediction of pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR)play a crucial role in planning surgical interventions for hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases,considering the uncertain mechanism behind it.However,current practices are limited by fragmented clinical observations,making it challenging to visualize the complex phenomenon in the pancreaticobiliary junction(PBJ)through imaging and radiography experiments.This study aimed to comprehensively describe the retrograde flow characteristics in various PBR scenarios and assess the factors leading to PBR using simulations based on idealized geometry and boundary conditions.Methods:By Cadence Pointwise,we developed a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model using an idealized PBJ system.Standard parameters such as pressure and viscosity were applied,along with typical assumptions relevant to fluid dynamic modeling.Subsequently,based on the aforementioned basic idealized model,we analyzed 8 hypothetical PBR conditions,covering a range of high(shorter)and low(longer)values or different positions for each specific parameter,at a representative stage of a peristaltic propagation cycle of the Oddi's sphincter.Results:We modeled a two-dimensional PBJ with the propagation of a peristaltic wave.These findings demonstrated that the shortened septum,the extended ampulla,the increased wavelength and enhanced amplitude of the Oddi's sphincterial peristalsis,the widened diameter difference and the increased pressure difference between the common bile duct(CBD)and the main pancreatic duct(MPD),as well as the gravitational effect(position),strongly impacted PBR,while the viscosity of bile and pancreatic juice had a weaker influence.Additionally,an inequality incorporating these risk factors was developed for the evaluation of whether reflux occurs.Conclusions:Numerical simulation can be used to describe the reflux flow field,offering the possibility to visualize and analyze PBR,which has the potential to significantly revolutionize the understanding of PBR and improve clinical decision-making.Future work should focus on bridging the gap between CFD and clinical practice.
