Poly(aryl ether sulfone)with fatty-acid side chains that crosslink with epoxy resin improves the interfacial compatibility between poly(aryl ether sulfone)and epoxy resin.Hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein-based poly...Poly(aryl ether sulfone)with fatty-acid side chains that crosslink with epoxy resin improves the interfacial compatibility between poly(aryl ether sulfone)and epoxy resin.Hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein-based poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PPES-OH)was blended with fatty-acid side-chain-modified phenolphthalein-based poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PPES-TA),with the goal of further enhancing the toughening effect on epoxy resin.In this study,PPES-OH,PPES-TA,and a composite poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PESP-TA)were synthesized.Their molecular structures and thermal properties were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-NMR spectroscopy),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Subsequently,PPES-OH,PPES-TA,and PESP-TA were introduced into the anhydride-cured epoxy system to evaluate their toughening effects on epoxy resin.The curing behavior of the epoxy resin blends was investigated using DSC,which also enabled the exploration of the corresponding curing mechanisms.The thermal and mechanical properties of the toughened systems were characterized.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the impact fracture surfaces of the resin,which revealed‘fish-scale’structures and shear bands in the resin system after curing.These findings demonstrate that similar thermoplastic chains become entangled with one another,forming additional physical cross-links.This enhanced the interfacial compatibility between the thermoplastic and thermoset resins,which,in turn,significantly improved the impact toughness and elongation at break of the system.In summary,PESP-TA has emerged as a reactive thermoplastic toughening agent that is feasible for preparation and has significant practical application potential.展开更多
Developing microwave electric field sensing based on Rydberg atoms has received significant attention due to its unique advantages. However, achieving effective coupling between Rydberg atoms and the microwave electri...Developing microwave electric field sensing based on Rydberg atoms has received significant attention due to its unique advantages. However, achieving effective coupling between Rydberg atoms and the microwave electric field in the sensing process is a challenging problem that greatly impacts the sensitivity. To address this, we propose using a microwave resonant cavity to enhance the effective coupling between the Rydberg atoms and the microwave electric field. In our experiment, Rydberg atoms are prepared via a three-photon excitation scheme, and the electric fields are measured without and with a microwave cavity in which the vapor cell is placed inside, respectively. As a result, we achieved an 18 dB enhancement of power sensitivity by adding the cavity,which is an effective enhancement in electric field pulse signal detection. This experimental testing provides a promising direction for enhancing the sensitivity of Rydberg atomic electric field sensors and paves the way for their application in precision electric field measurements.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Development Program of Jilin City(Nos.20240103013 and 20240103012)the Jilin Province Key Breakthrough Special Project(No.2025JLGJ0015GX)the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry(No.202527)at Jilin University.The authors acknowledge the assistance of the Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Center of Characterization and Analysis.We also thank Pro.Jie Chen with the help of SEM characterization.
文摘Poly(aryl ether sulfone)with fatty-acid side chains that crosslink with epoxy resin improves the interfacial compatibility between poly(aryl ether sulfone)and epoxy resin.Hydroxyl-terminated phenolphthalein-based poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PPES-OH)was blended with fatty-acid side-chain-modified phenolphthalein-based poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PPES-TA),with the goal of further enhancing the toughening effect on epoxy resin.In this study,PPES-OH,PPES-TA,and a composite poly(aryl ether sulfone)(PESP-TA)were synthesized.Their molecular structures and thermal properties were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-NMR spectroscopy),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Subsequently,PPES-OH,PPES-TA,and PESP-TA were introduced into the anhydride-cured epoxy system to evaluate their toughening effects on epoxy resin.The curing behavior of the epoxy resin blends was investigated using DSC,which also enabled the exploration of the corresponding curing mechanisms.The thermal and mechanical properties of the toughened systems were characterized.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to observe the impact fracture surfaces of the resin,which revealed‘fish-scale’structures and shear bands in the resin system after curing.These findings demonstrate that similar thermoplastic chains become entangled with one another,forming additional physical cross-links.This enhanced the interfacial compatibility between the thermoplastic and thermoset resins,which,in turn,significantly improved the impact toughness and elongation at break of the system.In summary,PESP-TA has emerged as a reactive thermoplastic toughening agent that is feasible for preparation and has significant practical application potential.
基金the fundings from National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1404002)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. T2495253, U20A20218, 61525504, and 61435011)+4 种基金Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies (Grant No. AHY020200)Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province (Grant No. 202203a13010001)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2018490)the fundings from Anhui Provincial Department of Education (Grant No. YQZD2024061)Research Program of Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province (Grant No. 2024AH050645)。
文摘Developing microwave electric field sensing based on Rydberg atoms has received significant attention due to its unique advantages. However, achieving effective coupling between Rydberg atoms and the microwave electric field in the sensing process is a challenging problem that greatly impacts the sensitivity. To address this, we propose using a microwave resonant cavity to enhance the effective coupling between the Rydberg atoms and the microwave electric field. In our experiment, Rydberg atoms are prepared via a three-photon excitation scheme, and the electric fields are measured without and with a microwave cavity in which the vapor cell is placed inside, respectively. As a result, we achieved an 18 dB enhancement of power sensitivity by adding the cavity,which is an effective enhancement in electric field pulse signal detection. This experimental testing provides a promising direction for enhancing the sensitivity of Rydberg atomic electric field sensors and paves the way for their application in precision electric field measurements.
