Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance ...Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression characteristics of peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1) m RNA and protein in liver cancer cell lines and tissues.METHODS: The RNA sequencing data from 374 patients with liver cancer were obtained ...AIM: To investigate the expression characteristics of peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1) m RNA and protein in liver cancer cell lines and tissues.METHODS: The RNA sequencing data from 374 patients with liver cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression and clinical characteristics of PRDX1 m RNA were analyzed in this dataset. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analysis was performed to determine the relationship between PRDX1 levels and patient survival. Subcellular fractionation and Western blotting were used to demonstrate the expression of PRDX1 protein in six liver cancer cell lines and 29 paired fresh tissue specimens. After bioinformatics prediction,a putative posttranslational modification form of PRDX1 was observed using immunofluorescence under confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation analysis in liver cancer cells.RESULTS: The m RNA of PRDX1 gene was upregulated about 1.3-fold in tumor tissue compared with the adjacent non-tumor control(P = 0.005). Its abundance was significantly higher in men than women(P < 0.001). High levels of PRDX1 m RNA were associated with a shorter overall survival time(P =0.04) but not with recurrence-free survival. The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with high PRDX1 m RNA showed about 1.9-fold increase of risk for death(P = 0.03). In liver cancer cells,PRDX1 protein was strongly expressed with multiple different bands. PRDX1 in the cytosol fraction existed near the theoretical molecular weight,whereas two higher molecular weight bands were present in the membrane/organelle and nuclear fractions. Importantly,the theoretical PRDX1 band was increased,whereas the high molecular weight form was decreased in tumor tissues. Subsequent experiments revealed that the high molecular weight bands of PRDX1 might result from the post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier-1(SUMO1).CONCLUSION: PRDX1 was overexpressed in the tumor tissues of liver cancer and served as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. PRDX1 can be modified by SUMO to play specific roles in hepatocarcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1(HNRNPH1) m RNA and protein in cell lines and tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). METHODS Western blottin...AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1(HNRNPH1) m RNA and protein in cell lines and tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). METHODS Western blotting was used to assess the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in seven ESCC cell lines and 30 paired fresh tissue specimens. The subcellular localization of HNRNPH1 was determined by immunofluorescence in ESCC cells. The RNA sequencing data from 87 patients with ESCC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas(TCGA), and the expression and clinical characteristics analysis of different transcript variants of HNRNPH1 were evaluated in this dataset. In addition, immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in 125 patients.RESULTS The expression of HNRNPH1 protein varied across different ESCC cell lines. It was exclusively restricted to the nucleus of the ESCC cells. There are two transcript variants of the HNRNPH1 gene. Variant 1 was constitutively expressed, and its expression did not change during tumorigenesis. In contrast, levels of variant 2 were low in non-tumorous tissues and were dramatically increased in ESCC(P = 0.0026). The high levels of variant 2 were associated with poorer differentiated tumors(P = 0.0287). Furthermore, in paired fresh tissue specimens, HNRNPH1 protein was overexpressed in 73.3%(22/30) of neoplastic tissues. HNRNPH1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC, with strong staining in 43.2%(54/125) of tumor tissues and 22.4%(28/125) of matched non-cancerous tissues(P = 0.0005). Positive HNRNPH1 expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation degree(P = 0.0337).CONCLUSION The different alternative transcript variants of HNRNPH1 exhibited different expression changes during tumorigenesis. Its m RNA and protein were overexpressed in ESCC and associated with poorer differentiation of tumor cells. These findings highlight the potential of HNRNPH1 in the therapy and diagnosis of ESCC.展开更多
Electrocatalysis plays an essential role in sustainable energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells,water electrolysis,and the carbon dioxide reduction reaction that occurs at solid–liquid interfaces.However,du...Electrocatalysis plays an essential role in sustainable energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells,water electrolysis,and the carbon dioxide reduction reaction that occurs at solid–liquid interfaces.However,due to the complexity of the respective electrochemical interfaces and trace amounts of interfacial species,researchers’knowledge of these reaction mechanisms remains incomplete,limiting our ability to improve electrocatalytic performance.In situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(EC-SERS)has proven to have appealing potential for the study of electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms because it can provide exceptionally sensitive fingerprint vibrational spectroscopic information about interfacial species and their interactions.This review offers insights into electrocatalysis through in situ EC-SERS.We begin with an introduction to the basic principles,substrate engineering,and the implementation of in situ EC-SERS for electrocatalysis,with an emphasis on capturing trace interfacial species and determining the capability of this technique.We then discuss fundamentals,still-debated mechanistic issues,as well as advanced applications of EC-SERS for mechanism studies of the fundamentally and practically important reactions in sustainable energy conversion technologies,to gain insights into electrocatalysis.Finally,we propose directions for the future development of in situ EC-SERS in catalysis.Through this review paper,we aim to attract greater attention to the use of in situ EC-SERS in catalysis studies and introduce versatile methodologies and techniques for catalytic studies that will result in superior performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1508004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2293692,22502164,92472203,22222903,52271229,22472074,22272069,22361132532,and 22021001)+6 种基金the Industry-University-Research Joint Innovation Project of Fujian Province(2023H6029)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS202305)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory(YPML-20240502063)the Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(Grant No.2024-05)the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,Dalian University of Technology(KF 2401)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20240897the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770016).
文摘Escalating global energy demands and climate urgency necessitate advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies(EECSTs)like electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries.Improving their performance relies on elucidating reaction mechanisms and structure-performance relationships via in situ studies.This review summarizes recent in situ studies of EECSTs through a variety of advanced characterization techniques aiming at mapping reaction pathways for the rational design of overall high-performance reaction systems.We outline the principles,capabilities,advantages,and limitations of various in situ techniques.Their applications in in situ studies of fuel cells,water/CO_(2)electrolysis,and lithium batteries are highlighted with representative examples.These studies enable dynamic tracking of chemical and structural evolution of overall reaction systems,including materials,intermediates,products,and surroundings during operation,providing insights critical to rational system design.Future advancements will involve integrating multimodal in situ/operando approaches with artificial intelligence to enable real-time monitoring at practical scales.Such integration promises precise mechanistic insights and robust structure-performance correlations,ultimately accelerating the development of high-performance EECSTs aligned with sustainability and market requirements.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金Supported by Grants from the State Key Projects for Basic Re-search,No.2011CB910703 and No.2012ZX10002-017(to Zhao XH)National High-tech R and D Program,No.2013AA041201(to Qian YM)and No.2012AA020206(to Zhao XH)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81372591 and No.81321091(to Zhao XH)the Research Foundation of the Center for Marine Medicine and Rescue of Tsinghua University and NGH(to Qian YM and Zhao XH)
文摘AIM: To develop a novel method for the rapid and efficient extraction of exosomes secreted by tumor cells.
基金Supported by Grants from the National High-tech R and D Pro-gram No.2012AA020206the Key Project for the Infectious Diseases No.2012ZX10002-017 and No.2013ZX10002009-001-004+2 种基金the State Key Projects for Basic Research No.2011CB910703the National Natural Science Foundation No.81372591,and No.81321091 of Chinathe Center for Marine Medicine and Rescue of Tsinghua University
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of key biomarkers in hepatoma cell lines, tumor cells from patients’ blood samples, and tumor tissues.
基金Supported by State Key Project for Infectious Diseases,No.2013ZX10002009 and No.2012ZX10002-017State Key Project for Basic Research,No.2014CBA02001 and No.2014CBA02002+1 种基金National High-tech R and D Program,No.2012AA020206Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81071789 and No.81321091
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression characteristics of peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1) m RNA and protein in liver cancer cell lines and tissues.METHODS: The RNA sequencing data from 374 patients with liver cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression and clinical characteristics of PRDX1 m RNA were analyzed in this dataset. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analysis was performed to determine the relationship between PRDX1 levels and patient survival. Subcellular fractionation and Western blotting were used to demonstrate the expression of PRDX1 protein in six liver cancer cell lines and 29 paired fresh tissue specimens. After bioinformatics prediction,a putative posttranslational modification form of PRDX1 was observed using immunofluorescence under confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation analysis in liver cancer cells.RESULTS: The m RNA of PRDX1 gene was upregulated about 1.3-fold in tumor tissue compared with the adjacent non-tumor control(P = 0.005). Its abundance was significantly higher in men than women(P < 0.001). High levels of PRDX1 m RNA were associated with a shorter overall survival time(P =0.04) but not with recurrence-free survival. The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with high PRDX1 m RNA showed about 1.9-fold increase of risk for death(P = 0.03). In liver cancer cells,PRDX1 protein was strongly expressed with multiple different bands. PRDX1 in the cytosol fraction existed near the theoretical molecular weight,whereas two higher molecular weight bands were present in the membrane/organelle and nuclear fractions. Importantly,the theoretical PRDX1 band was increased,whereas the high molecular weight form was decreased in tumor tissues. Subsequent experiments revealed that the high molecular weight bands of PRDX1 might result from the post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier-1(SUMO1).CONCLUSION: PRDX1 was overexpressed in the tumor tissues of liver cancer and served as an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. PRDX1 can be modified by SUMO to play specific roles in hepatocarcinogenesis.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572840,No.81372591 and No.81572365the State Key Project for Basic Research,No.2014CBA02002National High-tech R and D Program,No.2012AA020206
文摘AIM To investigate the expression characteristics of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1(HNRNPH1) m RNA and protein in cell lines and tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC). METHODS Western blotting was used to assess the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in seven ESCC cell lines and 30 paired fresh tissue specimens. The subcellular localization of HNRNPH1 was determined by immunofluorescence in ESCC cells. The RNA sequencing data from 87 patients with ESCC were obtained from the cancer genome atlas(TCGA), and the expression and clinical characteristics analysis of different transcript variants of HNRNPH1 were evaluated in this dataset. In addition, immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of HNRNPH1 protein in 125 patients.RESULTS The expression of HNRNPH1 protein varied across different ESCC cell lines. It was exclusively restricted to the nucleus of the ESCC cells. There are two transcript variants of the HNRNPH1 gene. Variant 1 was constitutively expressed, and its expression did not change during tumorigenesis. In contrast, levels of variant 2 were low in non-tumorous tissues and were dramatically increased in ESCC(P = 0.0026). The high levels of variant 2 were associated with poorer differentiated tumors(P = 0.0287). Furthermore, in paired fresh tissue specimens, HNRNPH1 protein was overexpressed in 73.3%(22/30) of neoplastic tissues. HNRNPH1 was significantly upregulated in ESCC, with strong staining in 43.2%(54/125) of tumor tissues and 22.4%(28/125) of matched non-cancerous tissues(P = 0.0005). Positive HNRNPH1 expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation degree(P = 0.0337).CONCLUSION The different alternative transcript variants of HNRNPH1 exhibited different expression changes during tumorigenesis. Its m RNA and protein were overexpressed in ESCC and associated with poorer differentiation of tumor cells. These findings highlight the potential of HNRNPH1 in the therapy and diagnosis of ESCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22574071,22472074,22272069,T2293692,22074058,22021001,and 21925404)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2023H01010004 and 2021J01988)the XMIREM autonomously deployment project,China(2023CX10 and 2023GG01).
文摘Electrocatalysis plays an essential role in sustainable energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells,water electrolysis,and the carbon dioxide reduction reaction that occurs at solid–liquid interfaces.However,due to the complexity of the respective electrochemical interfaces and trace amounts of interfacial species,researchers’knowledge of these reaction mechanisms remains incomplete,limiting our ability to improve electrocatalytic performance.In situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(EC-SERS)has proven to have appealing potential for the study of electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms because it can provide exceptionally sensitive fingerprint vibrational spectroscopic information about interfacial species and their interactions.This review offers insights into electrocatalysis through in situ EC-SERS.We begin with an introduction to the basic principles,substrate engineering,and the implementation of in situ EC-SERS for electrocatalysis,with an emphasis on capturing trace interfacial species and determining the capability of this technique.We then discuss fundamentals,still-debated mechanistic issues,as well as advanced applications of EC-SERS for mechanism studies of the fundamentally and practically important reactions in sustainable energy conversion technologies,to gain insights into electrocatalysis.Finally,we propose directions for the future development of in situ EC-SERS in catalysis.Through this review paper,we aim to attract greater attention to the use of in situ EC-SERS in catalysis studies and introduce versatile methodologies and techniques for catalytic studies that will result in superior performance.
