The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)has evolved as an advancement over the conventional Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)in pursuing a more optimal intelligent transportation system that can provide various intelligent solut...The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)has evolved as an advancement over the conventional Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)in pursuing a more optimal intelligent transportation system that can provide various intelligent solutions and enable a variety of applications for vehicular traffic.Massive volumes of data are produced and communicated wirelessly among the different relayed entities in these vehicular networks,which might entice adversaries and endanger the system with a wide range of security attacks.To ensure the security of such a sensitive network,we proposed a distributed authentication mechanism for IoV based on blockchain technology as a distributed ledger with an ouroboros algorithm.Using timestamp and challenge-responsemechanisms,the proposed authentication model can withstand several security attacks such asMan-in-Middle(MiM)attacks,Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,server spoofing attacks and more.The proposed method also provides a solution for single-point failure,forward secrecy,revocability,etc.We exhibit the security of our proposed model by using formal(mathematical)analysis and informal analysis.We used Random Oracle Model to perform themathematical analysis.In addition,we compared the communication cost,computation cost,and security of the proposed model with the related existing studies.We have verified the security of the model by using AVISPA tool simulation.The security analysis and computation analysis show that the proposed protocol is viable.展开更多
ELF(extremely low frequency)magnetic fields from power-line current influence the yield of CMOS foundry.The poor yield happens because of ELF magnetic fields inducing directly the measurement or process equipment for ...ELF(extremely low frequency)magnetic fields from power-line current influence the yield of CMOS foundry.The poor yield happens because of ELF magnetic fields inducing directly the measurement or process equipment for cutting-edge chips below 28 nm process.The equipments of electron microscopes,including SEM(scanning electron microscope),TEM(transmission electron microscopy),STEM(scanning transmission electron microscopy)and EBLS(electron beam lithography system)are very susceptible to ELF magnetic fields emanating from various electrical power sources outside of the building and within next generation CMOS foundry recommends a maximum of 0.3 mG.The active canceling method uses active coils with current sensing field via sensor and inducing man-made electromagnetic field to reduce the stray magnetic field.Unfortunately,the conventional system takes more time to products field because of parasitical capacitance and resistance in long coil.The longer canceling coil the system construct,the more time it takes.Besides,canceling system should spend more time on calibrating non-linear current amplifier through software design.This research designs simpler anti-electro-magnetic system instead of typical frame and develops one turn canceling coil structure to reduce delaying time.Several parallel cells generate field up to 23.81 mG controlled by MPU(micro processor unit).This system decreases the power-line inducing filed below 0.3 mG.展开更多
In this study,the magnetic field was lessened by mirror array power cable system,and simulation of results predicted the best permutations to decrease electromagnetic influence(EMI)value below 0.4 mG at working space ...In this study,the magnetic field was lessened by mirror array power cable system,and simulation of results predicted the best permutations to decrease electromagnetic influence(EMI)value below 0.4 mG at working space without any shielding.Furthermore,this innovative method will cost down at high technology nano-Fab especially for 28 nanometer process.Through the theoretical study and numerical simulation,we predict the best permutation for mitigating EMI noise from three-phase electric power lines system without any shielding system down to 1.2 mG in 3.0 m distance from applying I=50 A at 60 Hz with 12 series cable tray system.Followed above discussions,this study indicated different and new perspectives with before opinions of some researcher.The measured magnetic field values on the nano-Fab are in good agreement with this simulation results.These good results give more confident to apply in new building nano-Fab system.Furthermore,this innovation will cost down for EMI shielding at high technology nano-Fab especially for 40(and below)nanometer process.展开更多
In this paper we investigate an integration by parts formula for Lévy processes by using lower bound conditions of the corresponding Lévy measure. As applications, derivative formula and coupling property ar...In this paper we investigate an integration by parts formula for Lévy processes by using lower bound conditions of the corresponding Lévy measure. As applications, derivative formula and coupling property are derived for transition semigroups of linear SDEs driven by Lévy processes.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,R.O.C.,under Grant MOST 110-2622-E-468-002 and 110-2218-E-468-001-MBK.
文摘The Internet of Vehicles(IoV)has evolved as an advancement over the conventional Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs)in pursuing a more optimal intelligent transportation system that can provide various intelligent solutions and enable a variety of applications for vehicular traffic.Massive volumes of data are produced and communicated wirelessly among the different relayed entities in these vehicular networks,which might entice adversaries and endanger the system with a wide range of security attacks.To ensure the security of such a sensitive network,we proposed a distributed authentication mechanism for IoV based on blockchain technology as a distributed ledger with an ouroboros algorithm.Using timestamp and challenge-responsemechanisms,the proposed authentication model can withstand several security attacks such asMan-in-Middle(MiM)attacks,Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks,server spoofing attacks and more.The proposed method also provides a solution for single-point failure,forward secrecy,revocability,etc.We exhibit the security of our proposed model by using formal(mathematical)analysis and informal analysis.We used Random Oracle Model to perform themathematical analysis.In addition,we compared the communication cost,computation cost,and security of the proposed model with the related existing studies.We have verified the security of the model by using AVISPA tool simulation.The security analysis and computation analysis show that the proposed protocol is viable.
文摘ELF(extremely low frequency)magnetic fields from power-line current influence the yield of CMOS foundry.The poor yield happens because of ELF magnetic fields inducing directly the measurement or process equipment for cutting-edge chips below 28 nm process.The equipments of electron microscopes,including SEM(scanning electron microscope),TEM(transmission electron microscopy),STEM(scanning transmission electron microscopy)and EBLS(electron beam lithography system)are very susceptible to ELF magnetic fields emanating from various electrical power sources outside of the building and within next generation CMOS foundry recommends a maximum of 0.3 mG.The active canceling method uses active coils with current sensing field via sensor and inducing man-made electromagnetic field to reduce the stray magnetic field.Unfortunately,the conventional system takes more time to products field because of parasitical capacitance and resistance in long coil.The longer canceling coil the system construct,the more time it takes.Besides,canceling system should spend more time on calibrating non-linear current amplifier through software design.This research designs simpler anti-electro-magnetic system instead of typical frame and develops one turn canceling coil structure to reduce delaying time.Several parallel cells generate field up to 23.81 mG controlled by MPU(micro processor unit).This system decreases the power-line inducing filed below 0.3 mG.
文摘In this study,the magnetic field was lessened by mirror array power cable system,and simulation of results predicted the best permutations to decrease electromagnetic influence(EMI)value below 0.4 mG at working space without any shielding.Furthermore,this innovative method will cost down at high technology nano-Fab especially for 28 nanometer process.Through the theoretical study and numerical simulation,we predict the best permutation for mitigating EMI noise from three-phase electric power lines system without any shielding system down to 1.2 mG in 3.0 m distance from applying I=50 A at 60 Hz with 12 series cable tray system.Followed above discussions,this study indicated different and new perspectives with before opinions of some researcher.The measured magnetic field values on the nano-Fab are in good agreement with this simulation results.These good results give more confident to apply in new building nano-Fab system.Furthermore,this innovation will cost down for EMI shielding at high technology nano-Fab especially for 40(and below)nanometer process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10971180),(11271169)A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘In this paper we investigate an integration by parts formula for Lévy processes by using lower bound conditions of the corresponding Lévy measure. As applications, derivative formula and coupling property are derived for transition semigroups of linear SDEs driven by Lévy processes.
