BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome(CS)is a rare inherited disease characterized by progressive motor symptoms including muscle weakness,joint contracture,ataxia,and spasticity.Botulinum neurotoxin type A has been used for c...BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome(CS)is a rare inherited disease characterized by progressive motor symptoms including muscle weakness,joint contracture,ataxia,and spasticity.Botulinum neurotoxin type A has been used for conditions such as dystonia and spasticity,but it has rarely been used in patients with CS.CASE SUMMARY We report a 6-year-and-9-mo old girl diagnosed with CS who received an injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A to manage her difficulty with walking.A total dose of 210 units of botulinum neurotoxin type A was administered into the bilateral tibialis posterior and gastrocnemius muscles.To evaluate the treatment effects on spasticity,joint contracture,pain,and ataxia,measurement tools including the Modified Ashworth Scale,the passive range of motion,the Faces Pain Scale-Revised,and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia,were employed.The first week after the injection,the Modified Ashworth Scale score for the plantar flexors and foot invertors improved bilaterally,along with advancements in the passive range of motion of the bilateral ankles and a lower score for the Faces Pain Scale-Revised.These treatment effects persisted to the 8th week post-injection,but returned to baseline values at the 12th week post-injection,except for the pain scale.CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin injection can thus be considered as a treatment option for lower extremity spasticity,joint contracture,and pain derived from CS.展开更多
The coexistence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) in the liver is rare. Reports show that these patients have cirrhotic livers or hepatitis virus infections before they develop HCC a...The coexistence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) in the liver is rare. Reports show that these patients have cirrhotic livers or hepatitis virus infections before they develop HCC and NHL. We present a patient with hepatitis B virus infection who was transferred to our hospital with a newly detected liver mass; abdominal computed tomography examination showed one hypodense mass of 7 cm in diameter and multiple mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes. A liver tumor biopsy showed a hepatoma, and the pathologic findings from an inguinal lymph node excision showed mantle cell lymphoma. An immunohistochemical stain confirmed that the atypical lymphoid cells within the HCC were positive for the CD20, CD5 and cyclin D1 antigens. Taking these findings into account, the hepatic tumor was determined to be a HCC infiltrated by mantle cell lymphoma.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Cockayne syndrome(CS)is a rare inherited disease characterized by progressive motor symptoms including muscle weakness,joint contracture,ataxia,and spasticity.Botulinum neurotoxin type A has been used for conditions such as dystonia and spasticity,but it has rarely been used in patients with CS.CASE SUMMARY We report a 6-year-and-9-mo old girl diagnosed with CS who received an injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A to manage her difficulty with walking.A total dose of 210 units of botulinum neurotoxin type A was administered into the bilateral tibialis posterior and gastrocnemius muscles.To evaluate the treatment effects on spasticity,joint contracture,pain,and ataxia,measurement tools including the Modified Ashworth Scale,the passive range of motion,the Faces Pain Scale-Revised,and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia,were employed.The first week after the injection,the Modified Ashworth Scale score for the plantar flexors and foot invertors improved bilaterally,along with advancements in the passive range of motion of the bilateral ankles and a lower score for the Faces Pain Scale-Revised.These treatment effects persisted to the 8th week post-injection,but returned to baseline values at the 12th week post-injection,except for the pain scale.CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin injection can thus be considered as a treatment option for lower extremity spasticity,joint contracture,and pain derived from CS.
文摘The coexistence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) in the liver is rare. Reports show that these patients have cirrhotic livers or hepatitis virus infections before they develop HCC and NHL. We present a patient with hepatitis B virus infection who was transferred to our hospital with a newly detected liver mass; abdominal computed tomography examination showed one hypodense mass of 7 cm in diameter and multiple mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes. A liver tumor biopsy showed a hepatoma, and the pathologic findings from an inguinal lymph node excision showed mantle cell lymphoma. An immunohistochemical stain confirmed that the atypical lymphoid cells within the HCC were positive for the CD20, CD5 and cyclin D1 antigens. Taking these findings into account, the hepatic tumor was determined to be a HCC infiltrated by mantle cell lymphoma.
