Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize...Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions,modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks,thereby regulating cognitive function.Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception,learning and memory,attention,spatial cognition,and physical function.To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population,this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions.This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention,including deep brain stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays.The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial alternating current stimulation,transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets.Invasive stimulation methods,which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation.Non-invasive methods,particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques,are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population.These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets.This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology.It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation.Additionally,researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.展开更多
Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells en...Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles,including limited tissue sources,invasive acquisition methods,cellular heterogeneity,purification challenges,cellular senescence,and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages.In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,known for their self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory characteristics.We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation.Furthermore,the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats.Additionally,our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization.Collectively,our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats,offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.展开更多
A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside E and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris poly...A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside E and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidaed by spectroscopic methods.展开更多
Stimulus-responsive polymers containing dynamic bonds enable fascinating properties of self-healing,recycling and reprocessing due to enhanced relaxation of polymer chain/network with labile linkages.Here,we study the...Stimulus-responsive polymers containing dynamic bonds enable fascinating properties of self-healing,recycling and reprocessing due to enhanced relaxation of polymer chain/network with labile linkages.Here,we study the structure and properties of a new type of thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPUs)with trapped dynamic covalent bonds in the hard-phase domain and report the frustrated relaxation of TPUs containing weak dynamic bond andπ-πinteraction in hard segments.As detected by rheometry,the aromatic TPUs with alkyl disulfide in the hard segments possess the maximum network relaxation time in contrast to those without dynamic bonds and alicyclic TPUs.In situ FTIR and small-angle scattering results reveal that the alkyl disulfide facilitates stronger intermolecular interaction and more stable micro-phase morphology inπ-πinteraction based aromatic TPUs.Molecular dynamics simulation for pure hard segments of model molecules verify that the presence of disulfide bonds leads to strongerπ-πstacking of aromatic rings due to both enhanced assembling thermodynamics and kinetics.The enhancedπ-πpacking and micro-phase structure in TPUs further kinetically immobilize the dynamic bond.This kinetically interlocking between the weak dynamic bonds and strong molecular interaction in hard segments leads to much slower network relaxation of TPU.This work provides a new insight in tuning the network relaxation and heat resistance as well as molecular self-assembly in stimulus-responsive dynamic polymers by both molecular design and micro-phase control toward the functional applications of advanced materials.展开更多
Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)over China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using measurements of recalibrated microwave brightness temperatures(Tbs)from Fengyun-3B Microwave Radiation I...Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)over China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using measurements of recalibrated microwave brightness temperatures(Tbs)from Fengyun-3B Microwave Radiation Imager(FY-3B MWRI),combined with cloud properties derived from Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)observations.The contributions from cloud particles and atmospheric gases to the upwelling Tbs at the top of atmosphere were calculated and removed in radiative transfer.The MLSEs at horizontal polarizations at 10.65,18.7,and 36.5 GHz during 7 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 over China showed high values in the southeast vegetated area and low values in the northwest barren,or sparsely vegetated,area.The maximum values were found in the belt area of the Qinling-Taihang Mountains and the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which is highly consistent with MLSEs derived from AMSR-E.It demonstrates that the measurements of FY-3B MWRI Tbs,including its calibration and validation,are reliable,and the retrieval algorithm developed in this study works well.Seasonal variations of MLSE in China are mainly driven by the combined effects of vegetation,rainfall,and snow cover.In tropical and southern forest regions,the seasonal variation of MLSE is small due to the enhancement from vegetation and the suppression from rainfall.In the boreal area,snow causes a significant decrease of MLSE at 36.5 GHz in winter.Meanwhile,the MLSE at lower frequencies experiences less suppression.In the desert region in Xinjiang,increases of MLSEs at all frequencies are observed with increasing snow cover.展开更多
In this study, two fluorinated polyurethanes（FPU） containing carborane groups in the main chains were firstly designed and synthesized via the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer（HDI trimer） with fluorin...In this study, two fluorinated polyurethanes（FPU） containing carborane groups in the main chains were firstly designed and synthesized via the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer（HDI trimer） with fluorinated polyesters（CFPETs） having hydroxyl-terminated carborane groups at room temperature. The structures of carborane fluorinated polyesters（CFPETs） and polyurethanes（CFPUs） were characterized by gel permeation chromatography（GPC）, Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） measurements. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, Shore A hardness, solvent resistance and acid-alkali resistance of the carborane fluorinated polyurethane films were also studied. Thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） tests manifested that the introduction of carborane groups into the main chain of fluorinated polyurethane endowed the obtained fluorinated polyurethane with excellent thermal stability. The thermal decomposition temperature of carborane fluorinated polyurethane（CFPU） increased by 190 °C compared with that of the carborane-free fluorinated polyurethane（FPU）. Even at 800 °C, CFPU showed the char yield of 66.5%, which was higher than that of FPU（34.3%）. The carborane-containing fluorinated polyurethanes also showed excellent chemical resistance and prominent mechanical property even after the cured films being immersed into Jet aircraft oil or 37% HCl for 168 h or at high temperature（700 °C）. It is found that the structural characteristics of carborane group and the compacted structure of CFPU effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical property, solvent resistance and acid-alkali resistance of the carborane-free fluorinated polyurethane. These excellent properties make CFPU as the useful raw materials to prepare the high temperature resistant coatings or adhesives for automotive engines, engine or fuel tank of aircraft and other equipment working in high-temperature or high concentrations of acid-alkali environments.展开更多
National medicine nursing is a valuable resource of health industry in Yunnan Province,which provides important support for the strategy strengthening the province with traditional Chinese medicine.The development of ...National medicine nursing is a valuable resource of health industry in Yunnan Province,which provides important support for the strategy strengthening the province with traditional Chinese medicine.The development of National medicine nursing is influenced by multiple factors.Based on the development model of cultural ecosphere,this paper analysed its development trend and put forward some suggestions for promoting its development.展开更多
Cardiac arrest can lead to severe neurological impairment as a result of inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation neurological damage.Hypoxic preconditioning has been shown to impr...Cardiac arrest can lead to severe neurological impairment as a result of inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation neurological damage.Hypoxic preconditioning has been shown to improve migration and survival of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and reduce pyroptosis after cardiac arrest,but the specific mechanisms by which hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against brain injury after cardiac arrest are unknown.To this end,we established an in vitro co-culture model of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and oxygen–glucose deprived primary neurons and found that hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the protective effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells against neuronal pyroptosis,possibly through inhibition of the MAPK and nuclear factor κB pathways.Subsequently,we transplanted hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle after the return of spontaneous circulation in an 8-minute cardiac arrest rat model induced by asphyxia.The results showed that hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduced cardiac arrest–induced neuronal pyroptosis,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial damage,whereas knockdown of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibited these effects.To conclude,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising therapeutic approach for neuronal injury following cardiac arrest,and their beneficial effects are potentially associated with increased expression of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase following hypoxic preconditioning.展开更多
Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high ...Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high BET and surface defects.Additionally,the sodium storage mechanism predominantly occurs in the slope region.This contradicts practical application requirements because the capacity of the plateau region is crucial for determining the actual capacity of batteries.In our work,we prepared a novel“core-shell”carbon framework(CNA1200).Introducingclosedporesand carboxylgroupsinto coal-basedcarbon materials to enhance its sodium storage performance.The closed pore structure dominates in the“core”structure,which is attributed to the timely removal of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)to prevent further for-mation of active carbon structure.The presence of closed pores is beneficial for increasing sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region.And the“shell”structure originates from coal tar pitch,it not only uniformly connects hard carbon particles together to improve cycling stability,but is also rich in carboxyl groups to enhance the reversible sodium storage performance in slope region.CNA1200 has ex-cellent electrochemical performance,it exhibits a specific capacity of 335.2 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(−1)with ICE=51.53%.In addition,CNA1200 has outstanding cycling stability with a capac-ity retention of 91.8%even when cycling over 200 times.When CNA1200 is used as anode paired with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,it demonstrates a capacity of 109.54 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 94.64%at 0.5 C.This work provides valuable methods for regulating the structure of sodium-ion battery(SIBs)anode and enhances the potential for commercialization.展开更多
Objective:Adverse-risk acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients should receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)at first complete remission(CR1).However,the influence of prior therapies[i.e.,ven...Objective:Adverse-risk acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients should receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)at first complete remission(CR1).However,the influence of prior therapies[i.e.,venetoclax plus azacitidine(VEN-AZA)or intensive chemotherapy(IC)]on post-transplant outcomes remains inconclusive.This multicenter,retrospective study compared the post-transplant outcomes between patients receiving VEN-AZA and those receiving IC before allo-HSCT.Methods:This study was based on the transplant database of TROPHY group.Consecutive adverse-risk AML patients receiving allo-HSCT from January 2021 to June 2023 were screened in five Chinese transplant centers.Patients were categorized into VEN-AZA group if they received venetoclax combined with azacitidine as first-line therapy followed by allo-HSCT.Patients who received first-line therapy consisting of a mainstay treatment of cytarabine and anthracycline followed by allo-HSCT were categorized into IC group.Results:In the total cohort,the 3-year probabilities of overall survival,leukemia-free survival,and event-free survival were better in the IC group than VEN-AZA group,particularly for patients with ASXL1 mutations or SF3B1 mutations.However,the survival of the VEN-AZA group was not superior to that of IC group in patients aged≥55 years or those with the hematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index scores≥1 before allo-HSCT.After propensity score matching(median age:VEN-AZA group:57 years;IC group:55 years),only the probability of overall survival for the IC group was better than that of VEN-AZA group(93.6%vs.78.0%,P=0.034)at the 1-year follow-up;however,all of the other clinical outcomes were comparable between the VEN-AZA and IC groups.The TP53 mutation was independently associated with post-transplant relapse and survival.Conclusions:Our results suggest that IC remains the cornerstone of therapy,whereas VEN-AZA may also be used in younger patients and medically fit patients with adverse-risk AML who are receiving allo-HSCT in CR1.展开更多
To elucidate the dynamic characteristics of in-situ methane deflagration in coalbed methane wellbores and its mechanisms for fracturing coal rock,this study first developed a simulation experimental system specificall...To elucidate the dynamic characteristics of in-situ methane deflagration in coalbed methane wellbores and its mechanisms for fracturing coal rock,this study first developed a simulation experimental system specifically designed for methane in-situ deflagration fracturing.This experimental system,which is capable of withstanding pressures up to 150 MPa and meanwhile applying axial and confining pressures of up to 50 MPa to rock cores,enables the coupled simulation on methane deflagration and rock core fracturing processes.With the aid of this experimental system,physical simulation experiments on in-situ methane deflagration fracturing were conducted,and the following findings were obtained.Methane deflagration loads in enclosed wellbores exhibit characteristics of multi-level pulsed oscillation.With the rise of initial gas pressure,the peak deflagration load increases approximately linearly,with the pressure amplification factor spanning from 23.14 to 31.10,and its peak loading rate grows exponentially.Accordingly,the fracture volume and fracture porosity augment.To be specific,when the initial gas pressure rises from 0.6 to 2.4 MPa,the fracture volume and fracture porosity augment by factors of 14.0 and 8.73,respectively.The fractal dimension of spatial distribution of fractures also increases with the rise of deflagration load,indicating that a higher deflagration load conduces to the development of a larger and more complex fracture network.Methane deflagration fracturing is characterized as a composite fracture mode that involves the impact of strong stress waves and the driving force of high-pressure fluids.The primary factors influencing damage to coal-rock include the high-stress impact in the initial stage of deflagration,the fluid pressure driving effect in the middle stage,and the thermal shock resulting from high temperatures in the later stage.展开更多
Solvation structures fundamentally control the ion-transport dynamics and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes.However,there is a lack of strategies to rationally regulate the solvation structures and fundame...Solvation structures fundamentally control the ion-transport dynamics and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes.However,there is a lack of strategies to rationally regulate the solvation structures and fundamental understanding on how they control the electrochemical performances.Herein,by harnessing the electrostatic adsorption of one-dimensional nanofiller(i.e.,surface-charged halloysite nanotubes,d-HNTs),we successfully fabricate a high-performance polymer nanocomposite electrolyte enabled by strong surface adsorption,referred as adsorption-state polymer electrolyte(ASPE).This ASPE shows fast ion transport(0.71±0.05 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature),high mechanical strength and toughness(10.3±0.05 MPa;15.73 MJ m^(-3)),improved lithium-ion transference number,and long cycle life with lithium metal anode,in comparison with the sample without the d-HNT adsorption effect.To fundamentally understand these high performances,an anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model is further proposed and evidenced by both experiments and simulation studies.Results show that the electrostatic adsorption among the d-HNT,ionic liquid electrolyte,and polymer chain generates a nano filler-supported fast ion-conduction pathway with asymmetric Li+-coordination microenvironment.Meanwhile,the anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model of ASPE also generates a fast de-solvation and anion-derived stable solid-electrolyte interphase for lithium metal anode.The high performance and understanding of the mechanism for ASPE provide a promising path to develop advanced polymer electrolytes.展开更多
Civil aviation is one of the industries facing the greatest challenge in reaching carbon neutrality by the middle of this century,and this sector also contributes to adverse impacts on the regional air quality and hum...Civil aviation is one of the industries facing the greatest challenge in reaching carbon neutrality by the middle of this century,and this sector also contributes to adverse impacts on the regional air quality and human health.China exhibits the second highest air passenger turnover worldwide.Our understanding of civil aviation emissionsmust be urgently enhanced,and themitigation potential should be explored.In this study,on the basis of real domestic flight information for 2019,we built a greenhouse gas and air pollution emission inventory for the civil aviation sector in China with the fuel flowmethod based on the cruise and other phases.We thoroughly analyzed emissions by region,aircraft and engine types,and aircraft age,based on which we designed four measures to evaluate the abatement potential.We found that the hydrocarbon(HC),CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),particulate matter(PM)and CO_(2)emissions in 2019 reached 79.9 kt(95%CI[51.6–114.5]),176.3 kt(95%CI[114.5–248.2]),304.2 kt(95%CI[203.4–420.7]),23.2 kt(95%CI[14.2–33.7]),1.0 kt(95%CI[0.61–1.44])and 87.0 Mt(95%CI[57.4–119.6]),respectively.The cruise phase was the major emission phase,accounting for 67%-87%of the total pollutant emissions.If four measures were jointly implemented,the HC,CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),PM and CO_(2)emissions could be reduced by 61%,54%,55%,45%,32%and 38%,respectively.Utilizing lower-emission aircraft and switching travel modes could substantially reduce civil aviation emissions in China.展开更多
Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are...Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are not clear.This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying cucumber/pumpkin grafting compatibility.Two pumpkin cultivars with significant differences in compatibility,Figleaf gourd(compatible rootstock,Cf)and Dongyangshenli(incompatible rootstock,Cmo),were used as rootstocks.Three cucumber cultivars with different growth rates were used as scions,including cucumber‘Shenluchunsi’(strong growth,V1),‘Cuilü’(weak growth,V2),and‘Liangyoulüjian 102’(medium growth,V3).Six grafting combinations(V1/Cf,V2/Cf,V3/Cf,V1/Cmo,V2/Cmo,and V3/Cmo)were used to analyze the effect of scion and rootstock varieties,as well as the chemical composition of the exudate from the stem cutting surface,on the compatibility of grafted plants.Here,we found that rootstock was closely correlated with the compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.The sucrose content in the exudate of the stem,enzyme activity,and the expression of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis in Cmo were significantly higher than those in Cf.Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content difference between the exudate of rootstock and scion stems was negatively correlated with graft compatibility.Exogenous treatment with a 0.5%sucrose solution on the scions significantly reduced the difference in sucrose content between rootstock and scion and enhanced graft survival rate in the incompatible combination.The stem segment grafting experiment in vitro found that the high difference in sucrose concentration between the rootstock and scion decreased the grafting compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin by reducing the adhesion of the cutting surface.Taken together,the higher sucrose concentration difference between rootstock and scion decreased the adhesion of the cutting surface,resulting in the incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.展开更多
基金supported by STI 2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0201603(to JL)the Joint Foundation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.8091A170201(to JL)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.T2293730(to XC),T2293731(to XC),T2293734(to XC),62471291(to YW),62121003(to XC),61960206012(to XC),62333020(to XC),and 62171434(to XC)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Nos.2022YFC2402501(to XC),2022YFB3205602(to XC).
文摘Neuromodulation techniques effectively intervene in cognitive function,holding considerable scientific and practical value in fields such as aerospace,medicine,life sciences,and brain research.These techniques utilize electrical stimulation to directly or indirectly target specific brain regions,modulating neural activity and influencing broader brain networks,thereby regulating cognitive function.Regulating cognitive function involves an understanding of aspects such as perception,learning and memory,attention,spatial cognition,and physical function.To enhance the application of cognitive regulation in the general population,this paper reviews recent publications from the Web of Science to assess the advancements and challenges of invasive and non-invasive stimulation methods in modulating cognitive functions.This review covers various neuromodulation techniques for cognitive intervention,including deep brain stimulation,vagus nerve stimulation,and invasive methods using microelectrode arrays.The non-invasive techniques discussed include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial alternating current stimulation,transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,and time interference stimulation for activating deep targets.Invasive stimulation methods,which are ideal for studying the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,tend to cause greater trauma and have been less researched in the context of cognitive function regulation.Non-invasive methods,particularly newer transcranial stimulation techniques,are gentler and more appropriate for regulating cognitive functions in the general population.These include transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation using acupoints and time interference methods for activating deep targets.This paper also discusses current technical challenges and potential future breakthroughs in neuromodulation technology.It is recommended that neuromodulation techniques be combined with neural detection methods to better assess their effects and improve the accuracy of non-invasive neuromodulation.Additionally,researching closed-loop feedback neuromodulation methods is identified as a promising direction for future development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32171356(to YW)Self-Support Research Projects of Shihezi University,No.ZZZC2021105(to WJ)+1 种基金Capital Medical University Natural Science Cultivation Fund,No.PYZ23044(to FQM)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.7244410(to JHD)。
文摘Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of repairing nerve defects through acellular allogeneic nerve grafting with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.However,adult tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells encounter various obstacles,including limited tissue sources,invasive acquisition methods,cellular heterogeneity,purification challenges,cellular senescence,and diminished pluripotency and proliferation over successive passages.In this study,we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells,known for their self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory characteristics.We used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in conjunction with acellular nerve allografts to address a 10 mm-long defect in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.Our findings reveal that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibit survival for up to 17 days in a rat model of peripheral nerve injury with acellular nerve allograft transplantation.Furthermore,the combination of acellular nerve allograft and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly accelerates the regeneration of injured axons and improves behavioral function recovery in rats.Additionally,our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells play a pivotal role in promoting neovascularization.Collectively,our results suggest the potential of acellular nerve allografts with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to augment nerve regeneration in rats,offering promising therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123 and 52473248)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme2024-2-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.
文摘A novel phenylpropanoid glycosides 1, named parispolyside E and a novel derivation of phenolic glycoside 2, named parispolyside G, as well as two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidaed by spectroscopic methods.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21774135)。
文摘Stimulus-responsive polymers containing dynamic bonds enable fascinating properties of self-healing,recycling and reprocessing due to enhanced relaxation of polymer chain/network with labile linkages.Here,we study the structure and properties of a new type of thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPUs)with trapped dynamic covalent bonds in the hard-phase domain and report the frustrated relaxation of TPUs containing weak dynamic bond andπ-πinteraction in hard segments.As detected by rheometry,the aromatic TPUs with alkyl disulfide in the hard segments possess the maximum network relaxation time in contrast to those without dynamic bonds and alicyclic TPUs.In situ FTIR and small-angle scattering results reveal that the alkyl disulfide facilitates stronger intermolecular interaction and more stable micro-phase morphology inπ-πinteraction based aromatic TPUs.Molecular dynamics simulation for pure hard segments of model molecules verify that the presence of disulfide bonds leads to strongerπ-πstacking of aromatic rings due to both enhanced assembling thermodynamics and kinetics.The enhancedπ-πpacking and micro-phase structure in TPUs further kinetically immobilize the dynamic bond.This kinetically interlocking between the weak dynamic bonds and strong molecular interaction in hard segments leads to much slower network relaxation of TPU.This work provides a new insight in tuning the network relaxation and heat resistance as well as molecular self-assembly in stimulus-responsive dynamic polymers by both molecular design and micro-phase control toward the functional applications of advanced materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41830104,41661144007,41675022,and 41375148)Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1501402)the Jiangsu Provincial 2011 Program(Col-laborative Innovation Center of Climate Change).
文摘Microwave Land Surface Emissivity(MLSE)over China under both clear and cloudy sky conditions was retrieved using measurements of recalibrated microwave brightness temperatures(Tbs)from Fengyun-3B Microwave Radiation Imager(FY-3B MWRI),combined with cloud properties derived from Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)observations.The contributions from cloud particles and atmospheric gases to the upwelling Tbs at the top of atmosphere were calculated and removed in radiative transfer.The MLSEs at horizontal polarizations at 10.65,18.7,and 36.5 GHz during 7 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 over China showed high values in the southeast vegetated area and low values in the northwest barren,or sparsely vegetated,area.The maximum values were found in the belt area of the Qinling-Taihang Mountains and the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which is highly consistent with MLSEs derived from AMSR-E.It demonstrates that the measurements of FY-3B MWRI Tbs,including its calibration and validation,are reliable,and the retrieval algorithm developed in this study works well.Seasonal variations of MLSE in China are mainly driven by the combined effects of vegetation,rainfall,and snow cover.In tropical and southern forest regions,the seasonal variation of MLSE is small due to the enhancement from vegetation and the suppression from rainfall.In the boreal area,snow causes a significant decrease of MLSE at 36.5 GHz in winter.Meanwhile,the MLSE at lower frequencies experiences less suppression.In the desert region in Xinjiang,increases of MLSEs at all frequencies are observed with increasing snow cover.
基金financially supported by International Cooperative Project (Harbin Institute of Technology 2014DFR40370)International Cooperative Project (Wuxi HIT Limited Corporation & Research Institute of New Materials BZ2015024)
文摘In this study, two fluorinated polyurethanes（FPU） containing carborane groups in the main chains were firstly designed and synthesized via the reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer（HDI trimer） with fluorinated polyesters（CFPETs） having hydroxyl-terminated carborane groups at room temperature. The structures of carborane fluorinated polyesters（CFPETs） and polyurethanes（CFPUs） were characterized by gel permeation chromatography（GPC）, Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） measurements. The thermal stability, mechanical properties, Shore A hardness, solvent resistance and acid-alkali resistance of the carborane fluorinated polyurethane films were also studied. Thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） tests manifested that the introduction of carborane groups into the main chain of fluorinated polyurethane endowed the obtained fluorinated polyurethane with excellent thermal stability. The thermal decomposition temperature of carborane fluorinated polyurethane（CFPU） increased by 190 °C compared with that of the carborane-free fluorinated polyurethane（FPU）. Even at 800 °C, CFPU showed the char yield of 66.5%, which was higher than that of FPU（34.3%）. The carborane-containing fluorinated polyurethanes also showed excellent chemical resistance and prominent mechanical property even after the cured films being immersed into Jet aircraft oil or 37% HCl for 168 h or at high temperature（700 °C）. It is found that the structural characteristics of carborane group and the compacted structure of CFPU effectively improve the thermal stability, mechanical property, solvent resistance and acid-alkali resistance of the carborane-free fluorinated polyurethane. These excellent properties make CFPU as the useful raw materials to prepare the high temperature resistant coatings or adhesives for automotive engines, engine or fuel tank of aircraft and other equipment working in high-temperature or high concentrations of acid-alkali environments.
文摘National medicine nursing is a valuable resource of health industry in Yunnan Province,which provides important support for the strategy strengthening the province with traditional Chinese medicine.The development of National medicine nursing is influenced by multiple factors.Based on the development model of cultural ecosphere,this paper analysed its development trend and put forward some suggestions for promoting its development.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of Fujian Province,No.2020J011058(to JK)the Project of Fujian Provincial Hospital for High-level Hospital Construction,No.2020HSJJ12(to JK)+1 种基金the Fujian Provincial Finance Department Special Fund,No.(2021)848(to FC)the Fujian Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Special Projects on Health,No.2022ZD01008(to FC).
文摘Cardiac arrest can lead to severe neurological impairment as a result of inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation neurological damage.Hypoxic preconditioning has been shown to improve migration and survival of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and reduce pyroptosis after cardiac arrest,but the specific mechanisms by which hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against brain injury after cardiac arrest are unknown.To this end,we established an in vitro co-culture model of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells and oxygen–glucose deprived primary neurons and found that hypoxic preconditioning enhanced the protective effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells against neuronal pyroptosis,possibly through inhibition of the MAPK and nuclear factor κB pathways.Subsequently,we transplanted hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle after the return of spontaneous circulation in an 8-minute cardiac arrest rat model induced by asphyxia.The results showed that hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduced cardiac arrest–induced neuronal pyroptosis,oxidative stress,and mitochondrial damage,whereas knockdown of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase in bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibited these effects.To conclude,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells offer a promising therapeutic approach for neuronal injury following cardiac arrest,and their beneficial effects are potentially associated with increased expression of the liver isoform of phosphofructokinase following hypoxic preconditioning.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21978164,22078189 and 22105120)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(No.2021JC-046)and the Special Support Program for high level talents of Shaanxi Province+3 种基金the Innovation Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JZY-001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2020GY-243)the Special Research Fund of Education Department of Shaanxi(No.20JK0535)the National High-end Foreign Expert Project(No.GDW20186100428).
文摘Pore structure engineering has been acknowledged as suitable approach to creating active sites and en-hancing ion transport capabilities of hard carbon anodes.However,conventional porous carbon materials exhibit high BET and surface defects.Additionally,the sodium storage mechanism predominantly occurs in the slope region.This contradicts practical application requirements because the capacity of the plateau region is crucial for determining the actual capacity of batteries.In our work,we prepared a novel“core-shell”carbon framework(CNA1200).Introducingclosedporesand carboxylgroupsinto coal-basedcarbon materials to enhance its sodium storage performance.The closed pore structure dominates in the“core”structure,which is attributed to the timely removal of sodium hydroxide(NaOH)to prevent further for-mation of active carbon structure.The presence of closed pores is beneficial for increasing sodium ion storage in the low-voltage plateau region.And the“shell”structure originates from coal tar pitch,it not only uniformly connects hard carbon particles together to improve cycling stability,but is also rich in carboxyl groups to enhance the reversible sodium storage performance in slope region.CNA1200 has ex-cellent electrochemical performance,it exhibits a specific capacity of 335.2 mAh g^(−1)at a current density of 20 mA g^(−1)with ICE=51.53%.In addition,CNA1200 has outstanding cycling stability with a capac-ity retention of 91.8%even when cycling over 200 times.When CNA1200 is used as anode paired with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode,it demonstrates a capacity of 109.54 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 C and capacity retention of 94.64%at 0.5 C.This work provides valuable methods for regulating the structure of sodium-ion battery(SIBs)anode and enhances the potential for commercialization.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z230016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC 2502606)+4 种基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82293630)the Peking University Medicine Fund for the World’s Leading Discipline or Discipline Cluster Development(No.71003Y3035)the Plan Project of Tongzhou Municipal Science and Technology(No.KJ2024CX045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170208)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Objective:Adverse-risk acute myeloid leukemia(AML)patients should receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)at first complete remission(CR1).However,the influence of prior therapies[i.e.,venetoclax plus azacitidine(VEN-AZA)or intensive chemotherapy(IC)]on post-transplant outcomes remains inconclusive.This multicenter,retrospective study compared the post-transplant outcomes between patients receiving VEN-AZA and those receiving IC before allo-HSCT.Methods:This study was based on the transplant database of TROPHY group.Consecutive adverse-risk AML patients receiving allo-HSCT from January 2021 to June 2023 were screened in five Chinese transplant centers.Patients were categorized into VEN-AZA group if they received venetoclax combined with azacitidine as first-line therapy followed by allo-HSCT.Patients who received first-line therapy consisting of a mainstay treatment of cytarabine and anthracycline followed by allo-HSCT were categorized into IC group.Results:In the total cohort,the 3-year probabilities of overall survival,leukemia-free survival,and event-free survival were better in the IC group than VEN-AZA group,particularly for patients with ASXL1 mutations or SF3B1 mutations.However,the survival of the VEN-AZA group was not superior to that of IC group in patients aged≥55 years or those with the hematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index scores≥1 before allo-HSCT.After propensity score matching(median age:VEN-AZA group:57 years;IC group:55 years),only the probability of overall survival for the IC group was better than that of VEN-AZA group(93.6%vs.78.0%,P=0.034)at the 1-year follow-up;however,all of the other clinical outcomes were comparable between the VEN-AZA and IC groups.The TP53 mutation was independently associated with post-transplant relapse and survival.Conclusions:Our results suggest that IC remains the cornerstone of therapy,whereas VEN-AZA may also be used in younger patients and medically fit patients with adverse-risk AML who are receiving allo-HSCT in CR1.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,2020YFA0711800,Ting LiuNational Natural Science Foundation of China,52274241,Ting Liu,52474261,Ting Liu+2 种基金Basic Research Program of Jiangsu,BK20240207,Ting Liuthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023KYJD1007)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722672).
文摘To elucidate the dynamic characteristics of in-situ methane deflagration in coalbed methane wellbores and its mechanisms for fracturing coal rock,this study first developed a simulation experimental system specifically designed for methane in-situ deflagration fracturing.This experimental system,which is capable of withstanding pressures up to 150 MPa and meanwhile applying axial and confining pressures of up to 50 MPa to rock cores,enables the coupled simulation on methane deflagration and rock core fracturing processes.With the aid of this experimental system,physical simulation experiments on in-situ methane deflagration fracturing were conducted,and the following findings were obtained.Methane deflagration loads in enclosed wellbores exhibit characteristics of multi-level pulsed oscillation.With the rise of initial gas pressure,the peak deflagration load increases approximately linearly,with the pressure amplification factor spanning from 23.14 to 31.10,and its peak loading rate grows exponentially.Accordingly,the fracture volume and fracture porosity augment.To be specific,when the initial gas pressure rises from 0.6 to 2.4 MPa,the fracture volume and fracture porosity augment by factors of 14.0 and 8.73,respectively.The fractal dimension of spatial distribution of fractures also increases with the rise of deflagration load,indicating that a higher deflagration load conduces to the development of a larger and more complex fracture network.Methane deflagration fracturing is characterized as a composite fracture mode that involves the impact of strong stress waves and the driving force of high-pressure fluids.The primary factors influencing damage to coal-rock include the high-stress impact in the initial stage of deflagration,the fluid pressure driving effect in the middle stage,and the thermal shock resulting from high temperatures in the later stage.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0991)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme 2023-1-05 and sklpme 2024-2-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiespartially sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Solvation structures fundamentally control the ion-transport dynamics and mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes.However,there is a lack of strategies to rationally regulate the solvation structures and fundamental understanding on how they control the electrochemical performances.Herein,by harnessing the electrostatic adsorption of one-dimensional nanofiller(i.e.,surface-charged halloysite nanotubes,d-HNTs),we successfully fabricate a high-performance polymer nanocomposite electrolyte enabled by strong surface adsorption,referred as adsorption-state polymer electrolyte(ASPE).This ASPE shows fast ion transport(0.71±0.05 mS cm^(-1)at room temperature),high mechanical strength and toughness(10.3±0.05 MPa;15.73 MJ m^(-3)),improved lithium-ion transference number,and long cycle life with lithium metal anode,in comparison with the sample without the d-HNT adsorption effect.To fundamentally understand these high performances,an anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model is further proposed and evidenced by both experiments and simulation studies.Results show that the electrostatic adsorption among the d-HNT,ionic liquid electrolyte,and polymer chain generates a nano filler-supported fast ion-conduction pathway with asymmetric Li+-coordination microenvironment.Meanwhile,the anion-rich asymmetric solvent structure model of ASPE also generates a fast de-solvation and anion-derived stable solid-electrolyte interphase for lithium metal anode.The high performance and understanding of the mechanism for ASPE provide a promising path to develop advanced polymer electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42375171 and 42105157)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(No.06600083)+1 种基金Energy Foundation(Nos.G-2109-33379 and G-2306-34754)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500166).
文摘Civil aviation is one of the industries facing the greatest challenge in reaching carbon neutrality by the middle of this century,and this sector also contributes to adverse impacts on the regional air quality and human health.China exhibits the second highest air passenger turnover worldwide.Our understanding of civil aviation emissionsmust be urgently enhanced,and themitigation potential should be explored.In this study,on the basis of real domestic flight information for 2019,we built a greenhouse gas and air pollution emission inventory for the civil aviation sector in China with the fuel flowmethod based on the cruise and other phases.We thoroughly analyzed emissions by region,aircraft and engine types,and aircraft age,based on which we designed four measures to evaluate the abatement potential.We found that the hydrocarbon(HC),CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),particulate matter(PM)and CO_(2)emissions in 2019 reached 79.9 kt(95%CI[51.6–114.5]),176.3 kt(95%CI[114.5–248.2]),304.2 kt(95%CI[203.4–420.7]),23.2 kt(95%CI[14.2–33.7]),1.0 kt(95%CI[0.61–1.44])and 87.0 Mt(95%CI[57.4–119.6]),respectively.The cruise phase was the major emission phase,accounting for 67%-87%of the total pollutant emissions.If four measures were jointly implemented,the HC,CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),PM and CO_(2)emissions could be reduced by 61%,54%,55%,45%,32%and 38%,respectively.Utilizing lower-emission aircraft and switching travel modes could substantially reduce civil aviation emissions in China.
基金supported by grants from the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.22CX8NA030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32272793)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23).
文摘Grafting is widely used in cucumbers to enhance their tolerance to environmental stress.Compatibility is a key factor for successful grafting,however,the physiological mechanisms that affect grafting compatibility are not clear.This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism underlying cucumber/pumpkin grafting compatibility.Two pumpkin cultivars with significant differences in compatibility,Figleaf gourd(compatible rootstock,Cf)and Dongyangshenli(incompatible rootstock,Cmo),were used as rootstocks.Three cucumber cultivars with different growth rates were used as scions,including cucumber‘Shenluchunsi’(strong growth,V1),‘Cuilü’(weak growth,V2),and‘Liangyoulüjian 102’(medium growth,V3).Six grafting combinations(V1/Cf,V2/Cf,V3/Cf,V1/Cmo,V2/Cmo,and V3/Cmo)were used to analyze the effect of scion and rootstock varieties,as well as the chemical composition of the exudate from the stem cutting surface,on the compatibility of grafted plants.Here,we found that rootstock was closely correlated with the compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.The sucrose content in the exudate of the stem,enzyme activity,and the expression of genes related to sucrose biosynthesis in Cmo were significantly higher than those in Cf.Correlation analysis showed that the sucrose content difference between the exudate of rootstock and scion stems was negatively correlated with graft compatibility.Exogenous treatment with a 0.5%sucrose solution on the scions significantly reduced the difference in sucrose content between rootstock and scion and enhanced graft survival rate in the incompatible combination.The stem segment grafting experiment in vitro found that the high difference in sucrose concentration between the rootstock and scion decreased the grafting compatibility of cucumber/pumpkin by reducing the adhesion of the cutting surface.Taken together,the higher sucrose concentration difference between rootstock and scion decreased the adhesion of the cutting surface,resulting in the incompatibility of cucumber/pumpkin grafted plants.
