China has abundant renewable energy resources.With the establishment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have undergone tremendous development.Ho...China has abundant renewable energy resources.With the establishment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have undergone tremendous development.However,because of the randomness and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power,the large-scale development of renewable energy faces challenges with accommodation and transmission.At present,the bundling of wind–photovoltaic–thermal power with ultra-high voltage transmission projects is the main development approach for renewable energy bases in western and northern China.Nonetheless,solving the problems of high carbon dioxide emission,carbon dioxide capture,and the utilization of thermal power is still necessary.Based on power-to-hydrogen,powerto-methanol,and oxygen-enriched combustion power generation technologies,this article proposes a power-to-hydrogen-andmethanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow,which is expected to simultaneously solve the problems of renewable energy accommodation and low-carbon transformation of thermal power.Models with different ways of linking power to hydrogen and methanol are established,and an 8760-hour-time-series operation simulation is incorporated into the planning model.A case study is then conducted on renewable energy bases in the deserts of western and northern China.The results show that the power-to-hydrogen-and-methanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow can greatly reduce the demand for hydrogen storage and energy storage,reduce the cost of carbon capture,make full use of by-product oxygen and captured carbon dioxide,and produce high-value chemical raw materials,thus exhibiting significant economic advantages.展开更多
针对海岛间通信系统存在建设成本高和传输信号需要中继放大等问题,文章采用曼彻斯特编解码设计了一种新型自由空间光(FSO)通信系统,支持100 km海底光缆(采用G.654普通单模光纤)级联1 km FSO无线链路实现10 Gbit/s光信号的收发和传输。...针对海岛间通信系统存在建设成本高和传输信号需要中继放大等问题,文章采用曼彻斯特编解码设计了一种新型自由空间光(FSO)通信系统,支持100 km海底光缆(采用G.654普通单模光纤)级联1 km FSO无线链路实现10 Gbit/s光信号的收发和传输。文章采用仿真实验测试了无线光信号在晴天、雨天和雾天中传输前后的时域波形、光谱、眼图和误码率(BER)等指标。研究结果表明,光信号接收机灵敏度在背对背系统中为-18.92 dBm;光信号接收机在晴天、雨天和雾天,经100 km海底光缆级联1 km FSO信道传输信号时的灵敏度分别为-17.72、-16.66和-11.16 dBm。相关结果证明,应用曼彻斯特码的海岛间FSO通信系统在未来海域信息传输领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。展开更多
Higher amounts of cuticular wax in plants have been associated with improved plant stress tolerance and increased potential for industrial use.In this study,orthologs of KCS1 and CER1 in Arabidopsis,designated BnKCS1-...Higher amounts of cuticular wax in plants have been associated with improved plant stress tolerance and increased potential for industrial use.In this study,orthologs of KCS1 and CER1 in Arabidopsis,designated BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2,were isolated from Brassica napus.Transcription of BnKCS1-1 and BnKCS1-2 in B.napus were induced by abscisic acid(ABA)and drought treatment,while transcription of BnCER1-2 was induced only by drought treatment.All three gene transcripts decreased significantly when plants were treated with methyl jasmonate(MeJA)or subjected to cold stress.Overexpression of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter led to a significant increase in cuticular wax on transgenic B.napus leaves.BnKCS1-1 and BnKCS1-2 overexpression led to similar differences from non-transformed plants,with significantly higher levels of aldehydes(C29 and C30),alkanes(C28,C29,and C31)and secondary alcohols(C28 and C29),and a significantly lower level of C29 ketone.Overexpression of BnCER1-2 led to an increase in alkanes(C27,C28,C29,and C31),a decrease in secondary alcohols(C28 and C29),and insignificant changes in other wax components.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that overexpression of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 in B.napus resulted in a higher density of wax crystals on the leaf surface than observed in non-transformed plants.Transgenic plants showed a reduced rate of water loss and increased drought tolerance compared to non-transformed plants.These results suggest that BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 gene products can modify the cuticular wax of B.napus.Changing cuticular waxes using transgenic approaches is a new strategy for genetic improvement of plant drought tolerance and provides an opportunity for development of B.napus as a surface-wax crop.展开更多
Congo River has abundant hydropower resources,and large-scale cascade power stations,such as the Grand Inga,can be constructed in downstream locations.However,the fragile economic foundations of the Democratic Republi...Congo River has abundant hydropower resources,and large-scale cascade power stations,such as the Grand Inga,can be constructed in downstream locations.However,the fragile economic foundations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbor!ng Central African countries,and the small-scale regional power consumption market prohibit the implementation of large-scale hydro power projects.As the high-voltage,I on g-dista nee power transmission tech no logy matures,hydropower from the Grand Inga can be delivered to load centers in other regions of Africa.This study establishes a 6 dime nsional comprehe nsive assessment model using the best-worst method to evaluate large-scale,I on g-distance,cross-border power intercon necti on projects.The model is applied to evaluate all the can didate in ter-regional power delivery schemes of the Inga III hydropower station,and the evaluation results can effectively help investment institutions and policy makers in policy making and potential market targeting.展开更多
Mottness is at the heart of the essential physics in a strongly correlated system as many novel quantum phenomena occur in the metallic phase near the Mott metal–insulator transition. We investigate the Mott transiti...Mottness is at the heart of the essential physics in a strongly correlated system as many novel quantum phenomena occur in the metallic phase near the Mott metal–insulator transition. We investigate the Mott transition in a Hubbard model by using the dynamical mean-field theory and introduce the local quantum state fidelity to depict the Mott metal–insulator transition. The local quantum state fidelity provides a convenient approach to determining the critical point of the Mott transition. Additionally, it presents a consistent description of the two distinct forms of the Mott transition points.展开更多
Plants have evolved tightly regulated signaling networks to respond and adapt to environmental perturbations, but the nature of the signaling hub（s） involved have remained an enigma. We have previously established t...Plants have evolved tightly regulated signaling networks to respond and adapt to environmental perturbations, but the nature of the signaling hub（s） involved have remained an enigma. We have previously established that methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate （MEcPP）, a precursor of plastidial isoprenoids and a stress- specific retrograde signaling metabolite, enables cellular readjustments for high-order adaptive functions. Here, we specifically show that MEcPP promotes two Brassicaceae-specific traits, namely endoplasmic reticulum （ER） body formation and induction of indole glucosinolate （IGs） metabolism selectively, via tran- scriptional regulation of key regulators NAIl for ER body formation and MYB51/122 for IGs biosynthesis）. The specificity of MEcPP is further confirmed by the lack of induction of wound-inducible ER body genes as well as IGs by other altered methylerythritol phosphate pathway enzymes. Genetic analyses revealed MEcPP-mediated COil-dependent induction of these traits. Moreover, MEcPP signaling integrates the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of IGs through induction of nitrile-specifier protein1 and reduction of the sup- pressor, ESM1, and production of simple nitriles as the bioactive end product. The findings position the plastidial metabolite, MEcPP, as the initiation hub, transducing signals to adjust the activity of hard- wired gene circuitry to expand phytochemical diversity and alter the associated subcellular structure required for functionality of the secondary metabolites, thereby tailoring plant stress responses.展开更多
All-solid-state lithium batteries have emerged as a priority candidate for the next generation of safe and energy-dense energy storage devices surpassing state-of-art lithium-ion batteries.Among multitudinous solid-st...All-solid-state lithium batteries have emerged as a priority candidate for the next generation of safe and energy-dense energy storage devices surpassing state-of-art lithium-ion batteries.Among multitudinous solid-state batteries based on solid electrolytes(SEs),sulfide SEs have attracted burgeoning scrutiny due to their superior ionic conductivity and outstanding formability.However,from the perspective of their practical applications concerning cell integration and production,it is still extremely challenging to constructing compatible electrolyte/electrode interfaces and developing available scale processing technologies.This review presents a critical overview of the current underlying understanding of interfacial issues and analyzes the main processing challenges faced by sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries from the aspects of cost-effective and energy-dense design.Besides,the corresponding approaches involving interface engineering and processing protocols for addressing these issues and challenges are summarized.Fundamental and engineering perspectives on future development avenues toward practical application of high energy,safety,and long-life sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries are ultimately provided.展开更多
Developing highly efficient Pt-based methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)catalysts is pivotal for direct methanol fuel cells.Phase engineering of nanomaterials offers a promising strategy to improve their catalytic perfor...Developing highly efficient Pt-based methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)catalysts is pivotal for direct methanol fuel cells.Phase engineering of nanomaterials offers a promising strategy to improve their catalytic performance,yet achieving phase modulation in one-dimensional nanowires(NWs)remains a great challenge.Herein,we report a facile and one-pot synthesis approach for the crystal-phase-controlled Pt-Sn intermetallic nanowires(NWs),realizing the crystal-phases regulation of face-centered cubic Pt_(3)Sn intermetallic NWs(FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs)and hexagonal close-packed Pt Sn intermetallic NWs(HCP-PtSn INTNWs)by adjusting the amounts of Sn precursors.Notably,the FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs exhibit high mass and specific activities of 6.4 A mg_(Pt)^(-1)and 11.8 mA cm^(-2),respectively,surpassing its counterparts,the HCP-PtSn INTNWs and commercial Pt/C catalysts.After a 10,000 s durability test,the FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs still maintain a mass activity of 5.6 A mg_(Pt)^(-1),which is 24.3 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.This dramatic enhancement of MOR performance is primarily attributed to the phasecontrolled structure and accelerated removal of CO intermediates(CO*).Theoretical calculations and CO stripping experiments demonstrate that the FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs lower the energy barrier for converting CO*into COOH*by reducing CO*binding and enhancing OH adsorption,thus significantly improving the MOR activity,CO tolerance,and stability.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the Major Program of Xiangjiang Laboratory(No.23XJ01006).
文摘China has abundant renewable energy resources.With the establishment of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics have undergone tremendous development.However,because of the randomness and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power,the large-scale development of renewable energy faces challenges with accommodation and transmission.At present,the bundling of wind–photovoltaic–thermal power with ultra-high voltage transmission projects is the main development approach for renewable energy bases in western and northern China.Nonetheless,solving the problems of high carbon dioxide emission,carbon dioxide capture,and the utilization of thermal power is still necessary.Based on power-to-hydrogen,powerto-methanol,and oxygen-enriched combustion power generation technologies,this article proposes a power-to-hydrogen-andmethanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow,which is expected to simultaneously solve the problems of renewable energy accommodation and low-carbon transformation of thermal power.Models with different ways of linking power to hydrogen and methanol are established,and an 8760-hour-time-series operation simulation is incorporated into the planning model.A case study is then conducted on renewable energy bases in the deserts of western and northern China.The results show that the power-to-hydrogen-and-methanol model based on the collaborative optimization of energy flow and material flow can greatly reduce the demand for hydrogen storage and energy storage,reduce the cost of carbon capture,make full use of by-product oxygen and captured carbon dioxide,and produce high-value chemical raw materials,thus exhibiting significant economic advantages.
文摘针对海岛间通信系统存在建设成本高和传输信号需要中继放大等问题,文章采用曼彻斯特编解码设计了一种新型自由空间光(FSO)通信系统,支持100 km海底光缆(采用G.654普通单模光纤)级联1 km FSO无线链路实现10 Gbit/s光信号的收发和传输。文章采用仿真实验测试了无线光信号在晴天、雨天和雾天中传输前后的时域波形、光谱、眼图和误码率(BER)等指标。研究结果表明,光信号接收机灵敏度在背对背系统中为-18.92 dBm;光信号接收机在晴天、雨天和雾天,经100 km海底光缆级联1 km FSO信道传输信号时的灵敏度分别为-17.72、-16.66和-11.16 dBm。相关结果证明,应用曼彻斯特码的海岛间FSO通信系统在未来海域信息传输领域具有重要的潜在应用价值。
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(31771694,31670407)the Chongqing Basic and Advanced Research Project(cstc2018jcyj AX0263,cstc2016jcyj A0170)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2017B028)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12)
文摘Higher amounts of cuticular wax in plants have been associated with improved plant stress tolerance and increased potential for industrial use.In this study,orthologs of KCS1 and CER1 in Arabidopsis,designated BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2,were isolated from Brassica napus.Transcription of BnKCS1-1 and BnKCS1-2 in B.napus were induced by abscisic acid(ABA)and drought treatment,while transcription of BnCER1-2 was induced only by drought treatment.All three gene transcripts decreased significantly when plants were treated with methyl jasmonate(MeJA)or subjected to cold stress.Overexpression of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter led to a significant increase in cuticular wax on transgenic B.napus leaves.BnKCS1-1 and BnKCS1-2 overexpression led to similar differences from non-transformed plants,with significantly higher levels of aldehydes(C29 and C30),alkanes(C28,C29,and C31)and secondary alcohols(C28 and C29),and a significantly lower level of C29 ketone.Overexpression of BnCER1-2 led to an increase in alkanes(C27,C28,C29,and C31),a decrease in secondary alcohols(C28 and C29),and insignificant changes in other wax components.Scanning electron microscopy revealed that overexpression of BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 in B.napus resulted in a higher density of wax crystals on the leaf surface than observed in non-transformed plants.Transgenic plants showed a reduced rate of water loss and increased drought tolerance compared to non-transformed plants.These results suggest that BnKCS1-1,BnKCS1-2,and BnCER1-2 gene products can modify the cuticular wax of B.napus.Changing cuticular waxes using transgenic approaches is a new strategy for genetic improvement of plant drought tolerance and provides an opportunity for development of B.napus as a surface-wax crop.
基金National Key Reaearch and Development Program of China(2016YFB0900400).
文摘Congo River has abundant hydropower resources,and large-scale cascade power stations,such as the Grand Inga,can be constructed in downstream locations.However,the fragile economic foundations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbor!ng Central African countries,and the small-scale regional power consumption market prohibit the implementation of large-scale hydro power projects.As the high-voltage,I on g-dista nee power transmission tech no logy matures,hydropower from the Grand Inga can be delivered to load centers in other regions of Africa.This study establishes a 6 dime nsional comprehe nsive assessment model using the best-worst method to evaluate large-scale,I on g-distance,cross-border power intercon necti on projects.The model is applied to evaluate all the can didate in ter-regional power delivery schemes of the Inga III hydropower station,and the evaluation results can effectively help investment institutions and policy makers in policy making and potential market targeting.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Youth Academic Talent of Inner Mongolia University (Grant No.1000023112101/010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No.JN200208)+2 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11474023)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFA1401803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11974051 and 11734002)。
文摘Mottness is at the heart of the essential physics in a strongly correlated system as many novel quantum phenomena occur in the metallic phase near the Mott metal–insulator transition. We investigate the Mott transition in a Hubbard model by using the dynamical mean-field theory and introduce the local quantum state fidelity to depict the Mott metal–insulator transition. The local quantum state fidelity provides a convenient approach to determining the critical point of the Mott transition. Additionally, it presents a consistent description of the two distinct forms of the Mott transition points.
文摘Plants have evolved tightly regulated signaling networks to respond and adapt to environmental perturbations, but the nature of the signaling hub（s） involved have remained an enigma. We have previously established that methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate （MEcPP）, a precursor of plastidial isoprenoids and a stress- specific retrograde signaling metabolite, enables cellular readjustments for high-order adaptive functions. Here, we specifically show that MEcPP promotes two Brassicaceae-specific traits, namely endoplasmic reticulum （ER） body formation and induction of indole glucosinolate （IGs） metabolism selectively, via tran- scriptional regulation of key regulators NAIl for ER body formation and MYB51/122 for IGs biosynthesis）. The specificity of MEcPP is further confirmed by the lack of induction of wound-inducible ER body genes as well as IGs by other altered methylerythritol phosphate pathway enzymes. Genetic analyses revealed MEcPP-mediated COil-dependent induction of these traits. Moreover, MEcPP signaling integrates the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of IGs through induction of nitrile-specifier protein1 and reduction of the sup- pressor, ESM1, and production of simple nitriles as the bioactive end product. The findings position the plastidial metabolite, MEcPP, as the initiation hub, transducing signals to adjust the activity of hard- wired gene circuitry to expand phytochemical diversity and alter the associated subcellular structure required for functionality of the secondary metabolites, thereby tailoring plant stress responses.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51872027,U21A2080Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,Grant/Award Number:Z200011。
文摘All-solid-state lithium batteries have emerged as a priority candidate for the next generation of safe and energy-dense energy storage devices surpassing state-of-art lithium-ion batteries.Among multitudinous solid-state batteries based on solid electrolytes(SEs),sulfide SEs have attracted burgeoning scrutiny due to their superior ionic conductivity and outstanding formability.However,from the perspective of their practical applications concerning cell integration and production,it is still extremely challenging to constructing compatible electrolyte/electrode interfaces and developing available scale processing technologies.This review presents a critical overview of the current underlying understanding of interfacial issues and analyzes the main processing challenges faced by sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries from the aspects of cost-effective and energy-dense design.Besides,the corresponding approaches involving interface engineering and processing protocols for addressing these issues and challenges are summarized.Fundamental and engineering perspectives on future development avenues toward practical application of high energy,safety,and long-life sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries are ultimately provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22322902,U22A20396,22211540385,22309050)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1502000)+4 种基金the Jiebang Guashuai Project of Changsha City(kq2301009)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012350)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324120800002,JCYJ20220818100012025,JCYJ2023080712-2007015)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023T160205,2023M741118)the Postdoctoral Research Fund from Institute of Wenzhou,Zhejiang University(XMGL-KJZX-202308)。
文摘Developing highly efficient Pt-based methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)catalysts is pivotal for direct methanol fuel cells.Phase engineering of nanomaterials offers a promising strategy to improve their catalytic performance,yet achieving phase modulation in one-dimensional nanowires(NWs)remains a great challenge.Herein,we report a facile and one-pot synthesis approach for the crystal-phase-controlled Pt-Sn intermetallic nanowires(NWs),realizing the crystal-phases regulation of face-centered cubic Pt_(3)Sn intermetallic NWs(FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs)and hexagonal close-packed Pt Sn intermetallic NWs(HCP-PtSn INTNWs)by adjusting the amounts of Sn precursors.Notably,the FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs exhibit high mass and specific activities of 6.4 A mg_(Pt)^(-1)and 11.8 mA cm^(-2),respectively,surpassing its counterparts,the HCP-PtSn INTNWs and commercial Pt/C catalysts.After a 10,000 s durability test,the FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs still maintain a mass activity of 5.6 A mg_(Pt)^(-1),which is 24.3 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst.This dramatic enhancement of MOR performance is primarily attributed to the phasecontrolled structure and accelerated removal of CO intermediates(CO*).Theoretical calculations and CO stripping experiments demonstrate that the FCC-Pt_(3)Sn INTNWs lower the energy barrier for converting CO*into COOH*by reducing CO*binding and enhancing OH adsorption,thus significantly improving the MOR activity,CO tolerance,and stability.
