In the realm of advanced electrochemical energy storage,the study of diverse electrolyte salts as integral components of electrolyte engineering has garnered immense attention.Notably,lithium di(fluoro)oxalateborate(L...In the realm of advanced electrochemical energy storage,the study of diverse electrolyte salts as integral components of electrolyte engineering has garnered immense attention.Notably,lithium di(fluoro)oxalateborate(Li DFOB)as the representative DFOB-contained electrolyte salts,which possesses structural attributes resembling both lithium bis(oxalate)borate(LiBOB)and lithium tetrafluoroborate(LiBF4),has garnered significant attention initially as a classical additive for the formation of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)films in graphite anodes.However,its unique properties have also piqued interest in other battery components,encompassing current collectors,capacity-enhanced cathodes or anodes,polymer solid-state electrolytes,and the full batteries.The introduction of Li DFOB or NaDFOB into these batteries exhibits a dual-faceted effect,with the beneficial aspect outweighing the potential drawbacks.Herein,we present a comprehensive overview of the research advancements surrounding LiDFOB,including the synthesis techniques of Li DFOB,the inherent properties of Li DFOB and LiDFOB-based electrolyte solutions,and the impact of LiDFOB on the performance of traditional graphite anodes,capacity-enlarged anodes,various classic cathodes,and the full batteries.And sectional content is about the usage of Na DFOB in Na-ion batteries.This review aims to aid readers in understanding the pivotal role of LiDFOB and NaDFOB as a constituent of electrolytes and how its utilization can influence electrode materials and other components,ultimately altering the electrochemical energy storage device's performance.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile ...Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile based on 1468 blood samples from both human and mouse studies,which include bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),microRNA-seq,and single-cell RNA-seq data.We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline that conducted over 11 million comparisons and correlations to identify more than 20,000 blood features.With these findings,we established a blood RNA database related to Alzheimer’s disease,RNAs in Blood of AD(RBAD,http://www.bioinform.cn/RBAD/).Using RBAD,we initially validated well-established Alzheimer’s disease-related pathways,including olfactory transduction.We then observed a decrease in both the proportion and functionality of erythroid cells,likely attributed to their elevated CD45 levels and interactions with GZMK^(+)CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,we identified 449 blood RNAs linked to patients’overall survival,along with two mRNAs(H4C3 and CTU1)associated with cognitive decline.In summary,RBAD is the first web-based analysis platform dedicated to investigating blood RNA changes in Alzheimer’s disease,and provides valuable insights into potential peripheral biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents.While it is known transforming growth factor-βsignaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis,its role in postn...Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents.While it is known transforming growth factor-βsignaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis,its role in postnatal neurogenesis remains unclear.In this study,to define the precise role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in postnatal neurogenesis at distinct stages of the neurogenic cascade both in vitro and in vivo,we developed two novel inducible and cell type-specific mouse models to specifically silence transforming growth factor-βsignaling in neural stem cells in(mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9)or immature neuroblasts in(DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9).Our data showed that exogenous transforming growth factor-βtreatment led to inhibition of the proliferation of primary neural stem cells while stimulating their migration.These effects were abolished in activin-like kinase 5(ALK5)knockout primary neural stem cells.Consistent with this,inhibition of transforming growth factor-βsignaling with SB-431542 in wild-type neural stem cells stimulated proliferation while inhibited the migration of neural stem cells.Interestingly,deletion of transforming growth factor-βreceptor in neural stem cells in vivo inhibited the migration of postnatal born neurons in mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice,while abolishment of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in immature neuroblasts in DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice did not affect the migration of these cells in the hippocampus.In summary,our data supports a dual role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in vitro.Moreover,our data provides novel insights on cell type-specific-dependent requirements of transforming growth factor-βsignaling on neural stem cell proliferation and migration in vivo.展开更多
Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS)...Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).展开更多
Blockchain interoperability enables seamless communication and asset transfer across isolated permissioned blockchain systems,but it introduces significant security and privacy vulnerabilities.This review aims to syst...Blockchain interoperability enables seamless communication and asset transfer across isolated permissioned blockchain systems,but it introduces significant security and privacy vulnerabilities.This review aims to systematically assess the security and privacy landscape of interoperability protocols for permissioned blockchains,identifying key properties,attack vectors,and countermeasures.Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines,we analysed 56 peerreviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025,retrieved from Scopus,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and IEEE Xplore.The review focused on interoperability protocols for permissioned blockchains with security and privacy analyses,including only English-language journal articles and conference proceedings.Risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the MMAT.Methods for presenting and synthesizing results included descriptive analysis,bibliometric analysis,and content analysis,with findings organized into tables,charts,and comparative summaries.The review classifies interoperability protocols into relay,sidechain,notary scheme,HTLC,and hybrid types and identifies 18 security and privacy properties along with 31 known attack types.Relay-based protocols showed the broadest security coverage,while HTLC and notary schemes demonstrated significant security gaps.Notably,93% of studies examined fewer than four properties or attack types,indicating a fragmented research landscape.The review identifies underexplored areas such as ACID properties,decentralization,and cross-chain attack resilience.It further highlights effective countermeasures,including cryptographic techniques,trusted execution environments,zero-knowledge proofs,and decentralized identity schemes.The findings suggest that despite growing adoption,current interoperability protocols lack comprehensive security evaluations.More holistic research is needed to ensure the resilience,trustworthiness,and scalability of cross-chain operations in permissioned blockchain ecosystems.展开更多
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects ...Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus(SC),a region involved in eye movement control,in mice.Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation.In vivo experiments,including Ca^(2+)signal recordings and eye movement tracking,showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements.A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency,suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity.These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements,highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.展开更多
The synergy of metal/oxygen vacancy(O_(v))pairs is critical in catalyzing activation of C-H,C=C,and C-O bonds.However,gaining fundamental understanding on spatial distance of metallic and O_(v)sites on catalyst surfac...The synergy of metal/oxygen vacancy(O_(v))pairs is critical in catalyzing activation of C-H,C=C,and C-O bonds.However,gaining fundamental understanding on spatial distance of metallic and O_(v)sites on catalyst surface would lead to unexpected chemoselectivity toward important and challenging reactions.In this work,we have proposed and validated unique Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)enriched Ni/CeO_(2)catalysts prepared by a deposition-precipitation method,for the transfer hydrogenation of lignin-derived guaiacol toward cyclohexanol rather than benzene derivatives.The counter-intuitively designed high Ni loading Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst(20 wt%Ni content)displays a distance of 0.5 nm for Ni/O_(v)pairs with a remarkable activity(TOF:166.5 h^(-1))and 90%+selectivity for C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)bond saturation,outperforming better metal-dispersed Ni_(5)/CeO_(2)catalyst with limited presence of Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)sites.The high hydrogenation activity against hydrogenolysis reactions on Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst is attributed to tunable Ni/O_(v)distances,which constrain the cleavage of CAr-OH bond and deep deoxygenation.Such spatial distribution effect has also facilitated tandem dehydrogenation(O-H bond cleavage)and hydrogenation(C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)hydrogenation)reactions,leading to cyclohexanol as the target product in the absence of externally added H_(2).Insights into spatial distribution of O_(v)sites open an alternative perspective in designing efficient catalysts toward producing value-added cyclic oxygenates through upgrading of lignin compounds.展开更多
AIM:To explore the changes in early retinal development after the occurrence of ischemia.METHODS:Human retinal organoids(hROs)of day 18 or day 30 were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion(OGD/R)to s...AIM:To explore the changes in early retinal development after the occurrence of ischemia.METHODS:Human retinal organoids(hROs)of day 18 or day 30 were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion(OGD/R)to simulate the retinal ischemia.All hROs were maintained normally until day 60 to evaluate changes in ischemic injuries during retinal development.Paraffin section staining was used for detecting changes in organoid structure and cell number.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot(WB)analyses were used to observe the change in the expression of retinal cell markers.RESULTS:In hROs,OGD/R induced the decrease of proliferating cells,inhibited the expression of proliferated marker Ki67 and promoted early apoptosis of retinal cells(P<0.05).Under OGD/R condition,the progenitor cell layer and ganglion cell layer of hROs lost normal structure,and the number of neural stem cells(SOX2^(+)),retinal progenitor cells(CHX10^(+))and retinal ganglion cells(TUJ1^(+)/BRN3^(+)/ATOH7^(+))decreased(P<0.05).The expression of corresponding retinal cell markers also decreased(P<0.05).Organoids treated with OGD/R on day 30 had similar injuries in retinal structure and retinal cell markers to those on day 18.Long-term observations revealed that day 18-treated organoids remained disorganized progenitor and ganglion cell layers by day 60,with no recovery in proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)protein expression.RT-qPCR showed persistently low Ki67 transcription levels(P<0.001),while other retinal cell markers recovered or exceeded normal levels,indicating a limited self-repair happened in the development of hROs.In contrast,day 30-treated organoids exhibited normal structure and marker expression by day 60,with transcription levels of retinal cell markers returning to normal(P>0.05),demonstrating complete recovery from OGD/R damage.CONCLUSION:Retinal ischemia damage the retinal development in the short-term.After the restoration of retinal blood supply,the retinal ischemic damage can be recovered during subsequent development.However,retinal ischemic injuries at different developmental stages exhibit varying degrees of reversibility.The earlier ischemic injury occurs,the more difficult it is to repair retinal cell and structure damage.展开更多
Balancing CO_(2) emission reduction with enhanced gas recovery in carbonate reservoirs remains a key challenge in subsurface energy engineering.This study focuses on the Maokou Formation gas reservoir in the Wolonghe ...Balancing CO_(2) emission reduction with enhanced gas recovery in carbonate reservoirs remains a key challenge in subsurface energy engineering.This study focuses on the Maokou Formation gas reservoir in the Wolonghe Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,and employs a mechanistic model integrated with numerical simulations that couple CO_(2)–water–rock geochemical interactions to systematically explore the principal engineering and chemical factors governing Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage–Enhanced Gas Recovery(CCUS–EGR).The analysis reveals that both the injection–production ratio and gas injection rate exhibit optimal ranges.Maximum gas output under single-parameter variation occurs at an injection–production ratio of 0.7 and an injection rate of 130,000 m3/d,while coordinated optimization of both parameters is essential to achieve the highest production enhancement.Excessively high injection–production ratios,however,may induce gas channeling and reduce the ultimate recovery factor.Chemical composition of the injected gas also strongly influences recovery.In the heterogeneous carbonate reservoir considered,a CO_(2)–N2 mixed gas mitigates gravity segregation due to its lower density,expanding sweep efficiency and improving overall gas recovery compared to pure CO_(2) injection.CO_(2)–water–rock reactions further modify reservoir properties.Near the injection well,acidic dissolution enhances porosity,whereas near the production well,a dynamic interplay of ion migration,pressure–temperature variations,and secondary mineral precipitation produces complex porosity evolution.Initial precipitation reduces porosity,while subsequent acidic dissolution partially restores it,creating a heterogeneous and time-dependent porosity profile.展开更多
Humans achieve cognitive development through continuous interaction with their environment,enhancing both perception and behavior.However,current robots lack the capacity for human-like action and evolution,posing a b...Humans achieve cognitive development through continuous interaction with their environment,enhancing both perception and behavior.However,current robots lack the capacity for human-like action and evolution,posing a bottleneck to improving robotic intelligence.Existing research predominantly models robots as one-way,static mappings from observations to actions,neglecting the dynamic processes of perception and behavior.This paper introduces a novel approach to robot cognitive learning by considering physical properties.We propose a theoretical framework wherein a robot is conceptualized as a three-body physical system comprising a perception-body(P-body),a cognition-body(C-body),and a behavior-body(B-body).Each body engages in physical dynamics and operates within a closed-loop interaction.Significantly,three crucial interactions connect these bodies.The C-body relies on the Pbody's extracted states and reciprocally offers long-term rewards,optimizing the P-body's perception policy.In addition,the C-body directs the B-body's actions through sub-goals,and subsequent P-body-derived states facilitate the C-body's cognition dynamics learning.At last,the B-body would follow the sub-goal generated by the C-body and perform actions conditioned on the perceptive state from the P-body,which leads to the next interactive step.These interactions foster the joint evolution of each body,culminating in optimal design.To validate our approach,we employ a navigation task using a four-legged robot,D'Kitty,equipped with a movable global camera.Navigational prowess demands intricate coordination of sensing,planning,and D'Kitty's motion.Leveraging our framework yields superior task performance compared with conventional methodologies.In conclusion,this paper establishes a paradigm shift in robot cognitive learning by integrating physical interactions across the P-body,C-body,and B-body,while considering physical properties.Our framework's successful application to a navigation task underscores its efficacy in enhancing robotic intelligence.展开更多
基金financially supported by Talent start-up funds of DGUT(No.221110217)。
文摘In the realm of advanced electrochemical energy storage,the study of diverse electrolyte salts as integral components of electrolyte engineering has garnered immense attention.Notably,lithium di(fluoro)oxalateborate(Li DFOB)as the representative DFOB-contained electrolyte salts,which possesses structural attributes resembling both lithium bis(oxalate)borate(LiBOB)and lithium tetrafluoroborate(LiBF4),has garnered significant attention initially as a classical additive for the formation of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)films in graphite anodes.However,its unique properties have also piqued interest in other battery components,encompassing current collectors,capacity-enhanced cathodes or anodes,polymer solid-state electrolytes,and the full batteries.The introduction of Li DFOB or NaDFOB into these batteries exhibits a dual-faceted effect,with the beneficial aspect outweighing the potential drawbacks.Herein,we present a comprehensive overview of the research advancements surrounding LiDFOB,including the synthesis techniques of Li DFOB,the inherent properties of Li DFOB and LiDFOB-based electrolyte solutions,and the impact of LiDFOB on the performance of traditional graphite anodes,capacity-enlarged anodes,various classic cathodes,and the full batteries.And sectional content is about the usage of Na DFOB in Na-ion batteries.This review aims to aid readers in understanding the pivotal role of LiDFOB and NaDFOB as a constituent of electrolytes and how its utilization can influence electrode materials and other components,ultimately altering the electrochemical energy storage device's performance.
基金supported by Research and Innovation Foundation of Wuhan Asia General Hospital,No.2022KYCX1-B10(to FH)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Hubei Province,No.2023AFB550(to FH)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32400554(to FH),82371444(to YZ)theGuiding Project of the Scientific Research Program of the Department of Education of Hubei Province,No.B2021016(to FH)the Natural Science Foundationof Hubei Province,No.2024AFB853(to QW).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile based on 1468 blood samples from both human and mouse studies,which include bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),microRNA-seq,and single-cell RNA-seq data.We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline that conducted over 11 million comparisons and correlations to identify more than 20,000 blood features.With these findings,we established a blood RNA database related to Alzheimer’s disease,RNAs in Blood of AD(RBAD,http://www.bioinform.cn/RBAD/).Using RBAD,we initially validated well-established Alzheimer’s disease-related pathways,including olfactory transduction.We then observed a decrease in both the proportion and functionality of erythroid cells,likely attributed to their elevated CD45 levels and interactions with GZMK^(+)CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,we identified 449 blood RNAs linked to patients’overall survival,along with two mRNAs(H4C3 and CTU1)associated with cognitive decline.In summary,RBAD is the first web-based analysis platform dedicated to investigating blood RNA changes in Alzheimer’s disease,and provides valuable insights into potential peripheral biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by NIH grants,Nos.R01NS125074,R01AG083164,R01NS107365,and R21NS127177(to YL),1F31NS129204-01A1(to KW)and Albert Ryan Fellowship(to KW).
文摘Adult neurogenesis continuously produces new neurons critical for cognitive plasticity in adult rodents.While it is known transforming growth factor-βsignaling is important in embryonic neurogenesis,its role in postnatal neurogenesis remains unclear.In this study,to define the precise role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in postnatal neurogenesis at distinct stages of the neurogenic cascade both in vitro and in vivo,we developed two novel inducible and cell type-specific mouse models to specifically silence transforming growth factor-βsignaling in neural stem cells in(mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9)or immature neuroblasts in(DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9).Our data showed that exogenous transforming growth factor-βtreatment led to inhibition of the proliferation of primary neural stem cells while stimulating their migration.These effects were abolished in activin-like kinase 5(ALK5)knockout primary neural stem cells.Consistent with this,inhibition of transforming growth factor-βsignaling with SB-431542 in wild-type neural stem cells stimulated proliferation while inhibited the migration of neural stem cells.Interestingly,deletion of transforming growth factor-βreceptor in neural stem cells in vivo inhibited the migration of postnatal born neurons in mGFAPcre-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice,while abolishment of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in immature neuroblasts in DCXcreERT2-ALK5fl/fl-Ai9 mice did not affect the migration of these cells in the hippocampus.In summary,our data supports a dual role of transforming growth factor-βsignaling in the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in vitro.Moreover,our data provides novel insights on cell type-specific-dependent requirements of transforming growth factor-βsignaling on neural stem cell proliferation and migration in vivo.
基金supported by NIH grants(R01NS125074,R01AG083164,and R21NS127177)(to YL).
文摘Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).
基金supported by the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Huangpu and Development Districts in Guangzhou(2023GH17)the National Science and Technology Council in Taiwan under grant number NSTC-113-2224-E-027-001,Private Funding(PV009-2023)the KW IPPP(Research Maintenance Fee)Individual/Centre/Group(RMF1506-2021)at Universiti Malaya,Malaysia.
文摘Blockchain interoperability enables seamless communication and asset transfer across isolated permissioned blockchain systems,but it introduces significant security and privacy vulnerabilities.This review aims to systematically assess the security and privacy landscape of interoperability protocols for permissioned blockchains,identifying key properties,attack vectors,and countermeasures.Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines,we analysed 56 peerreviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025,retrieved from Scopus,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and IEEE Xplore.The review focused on interoperability protocols for permissioned blockchains with security and privacy analyses,including only English-language journal articles and conference proceedings.Risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the MMAT.Methods for presenting and synthesizing results included descriptive analysis,bibliometric analysis,and content analysis,with findings organized into tables,charts,and comparative summaries.The review classifies interoperability protocols into relay,sidechain,notary scheme,HTLC,and hybrid types and identifies 18 security and privacy properties along with 31 known attack types.Relay-based protocols showed the broadest security coverage,while HTLC and notary schemes demonstrated significant security gaps.Notably,93% of studies examined fewer than four properties or attack types,indicating a fragmented research landscape.The review identifies underexplored areas such as ACID properties,decentralization,and cross-chain attack resilience.It further highlights effective countermeasures,including cryptographic techniques,trusted execution environments,zero-knowledge proofs,and decentralized identity schemes.The findings suggest that despite growing adoption,current interoperability protocols lack comprehensive security evaluations.More holistic research is needed to ensure the resilience,trustworthiness,and scalability of cross-chain operations in permissioned blockchain ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2394533,32222036,82030038,and 62472206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0701400)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(2022410129,KJZD20230923115221044,and KCXFZ20201221173400001).
文摘Transcranial temporal interference stimulation(tTIS)is a novel non-invasive neuromodulation technique with the potential to precisely target deep brain structures.This study explores the neural and behavioral effects of tTIS on the superior colliculus(SC),a region involved in eye movement control,in mice.Computational modeling revealed that tTIS delivers more focused stimulation to the SC than traditional transcranial alternating current stimulation.In vivo experiments,including Ca^(2+)signal recordings and eye movement tracking,showed that tTIS effectively modulates SC neural activity and induces eye movements.A significant correlation was found between stimulation frequency and saccade frequency,suggesting direct tTIS-induced modulation of SC activity.These results demonstrate the precision of tTIS in targeting deep brain regions and regulating eye movements,highlighting its potential for neuroscientific research and therapeutic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078365,22478437)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB076)。
文摘The synergy of metal/oxygen vacancy(O_(v))pairs is critical in catalyzing activation of C-H,C=C,and C-O bonds.However,gaining fundamental understanding on spatial distance of metallic and O_(v)sites on catalyst surface would lead to unexpected chemoselectivity toward important and challenging reactions.In this work,we have proposed and validated unique Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)enriched Ni/CeO_(2)catalysts prepared by a deposition-precipitation method,for the transfer hydrogenation of lignin-derived guaiacol toward cyclohexanol rather than benzene derivatives.The counter-intuitively designed high Ni loading Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst(20 wt%Ni content)displays a distance of 0.5 nm for Ni/O_(v)pairs with a remarkable activity(TOF:166.5 h^(-1))and 90%+selectivity for C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)bond saturation,outperforming better metal-dispersed Ni_(5)/CeO_(2)catalyst with limited presence of Ni-O-Ce-O_(v)sites.The high hydrogenation activity against hydrogenolysis reactions on Ni_(2)0/CeO_(2)catalyst is attributed to tunable Ni/O_(v)distances,which constrain the cleavage of CAr-OH bond and deep deoxygenation.Such spatial distribution effect has also facilitated tandem dehydrogenation(O-H bond cleavage)and hydrogenation(C_(Ar)=C_(Ar)hydrogenation)reactions,leading to cyclohexanol as the target product in the absence of externally added H_(2).Insights into spatial distribution of O_(v)sites open an alternative perspective in designing efficient catalysts toward producing value-added cyclic oxygenates through upgrading of lignin compounds.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070937).
文摘AIM:To explore the changes in early retinal development after the occurrence of ischemia.METHODS:Human retinal organoids(hROs)of day 18 or day 30 were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion(OGD/R)to simulate the retinal ischemia.All hROs were maintained normally until day 60 to evaluate changes in ischemic injuries during retinal development.Paraffin section staining was used for detecting changes in organoid structure and cell number.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot(WB)analyses were used to observe the change in the expression of retinal cell markers.RESULTS:In hROs,OGD/R induced the decrease of proliferating cells,inhibited the expression of proliferated marker Ki67 and promoted early apoptosis of retinal cells(P<0.05).Under OGD/R condition,the progenitor cell layer and ganglion cell layer of hROs lost normal structure,and the number of neural stem cells(SOX2^(+)),retinal progenitor cells(CHX10^(+))and retinal ganglion cells(TUJ1^(+)/BRN3^(+)/ATOH7^(+))decreased(P<0.05).The expression of corresponding retinal cell markers also decreased(P<0.05).Organoids treated with OGD/R on day 30 had similar injuries in retinal structure and retinal cell markers to those on day 18.Long-term observations revealed that day 18-treated organoids remained disorganized progenitor and ganglion cell layers by day 60,with no recovery in proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)protein expression.RT-qPCR showed persistently low Ki67 transcription levels(P<0.001),while other retinal cell markers recovered or exceeded normal levels,indicating a limited self-repair happened in the development of hROs.In contrast,day 30-treated organoids exhibited normal structure and marker expression by day 60,with transcription levels of retinal cell markers returning to normal(P>0.05),demonstrating complete recovery from OGD/R damage.CONCLUSION:Retinal ischemia damage the retinal development in the short-term.After the restoration of retinal blood supply,the retinal ischemic damage can be recovered during subsequent development.However,retinal ischemic injuries at different developmental stages exhibit varying degrees of reversibility.The earlier ischemic injury occurs,the more difficult it is to repair retinal cell and structure damage.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China(52204033)the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0201)Scientific research Project of Petro China Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company(No.2024D112-01-01).
文摘Balancing CO_(2) emission reduction with enhanced gas recovery in carbonate reservoirs remains a key challenge in subsurface energy engineering.This study focuses on the Maokou Formation gas reservoir in the Wolonghe Gas Field,Sichuan Basin,and employs a mechanistic model integrated with numerical simulations that couple CO_(2)–water–rock geochemical interactions to systematically explore the principal engineering and chemical factors governing Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage–Enhanced Gas Recovery(CCUS–EGR).The analysis reveals that both the injection–production ratio and gas injection rate exhibit optimal ranges.Maximum gas output under single-parameter variation occurs at an injection–production ratio of 0.7 and an injection rate of 130,000 m3/d,while coordinated optimization of both parameters is essential to achieve the highest production enhancement.Excessively high injection–production ratios,however,may induce gas channeling and reduce the ultimate recovery factor.Chemical composition of the injected gas also strongly influences recovery.In the heterogeneous carbonate reservoir considered,a CO_(2)–N2 mixed gas mitigates gravity segregation due to its lower density,expanding sweep efficiency and improving overall gas recovery compared to pure CO_(2) injection.CO_(2)–water–rock reactions further modify reservoir properties.Near the injection well,acidic dissolution enhances porosity,whereas near the production well,a dynamic interplay of ion migration,pressure–temperature variations,and secondary mineral precipitation produces complex porosity evolution.Initial precipitation reduces porosity,while subsequent acidic dissolution partially restores it,creating a heterogeneous and time-dependent porosity profile.
基金jointly funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018AAA0102900)the"New Generation Artificial Intelligence"Key Field Research and Development Plan of Guangdong Province(2021B0101410002)。
文摘Humans achieve cognitive development through continuous interaction with their environment,enhancing both perception and behavior.However,current robots lack the capacity for human-like action and evolution,posing a bottleneck to improving robotic intelligence.Existing research predominantly models robots as one-way,static mappings from observations to actions,neglecting the dynamic processes of perception and behavior.This paper introduces a novel approach to robot cognitive learning by considering physical properties.We propose a theoretical framework wherein a robot is conceptualized as a three-body physical system comprising a perception-body(P-body),a cognition-body(C-body),and a behavior-body(B-body).Each body engages in physical dynamics and operates within a closed-loop interaction.Significantly,three crucial interactions connect these bodies.The C-body relies on the Pbody's extracted states and reciprocally offers long-term rewards,optimizing the P-body's perception policy.In addition,the C-body directs the B-body's actions through sub-goals,and subsequent P-body-derived states facilitate the C-body's cognition dynamics learning.At last,the B-body would follow the sub-goal generated by the C-body and perform actions conditioned on the perceptive state from the P-body,which leads to the next interactive step.These interactions foster the joint evolution of each body,culminating in optimal design.To validate our approach,we employ a navigation task using a four-legged robot,D'Kitty,equipped with a movable global camera.Navigational prowess demands intricate coordination of sensing,planning,and D'Kitty's motion.Leveraging our framework yields superior task performance compared with conventional methodologies.In conclusion,this paper establishes a paradigm shift in robot cognitive learning by integrating physical interactions across the P-body,C-body,and B-body,while considering physical properties.Our framework's successful application to a navigation task underscores its efficacy in enhancing robotic intelligence.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.21935009)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB2401800)。
