The metallurgical properties of cold bound pellet were tested and analysed, and the behaviour and characters of reduction in the shaft were further investigated on the basis of analysis. The experimental results indic...The metallurgical properties of cold bound pellet were tested and analysed, and the behaviour and characters of reduction in the shaft were further investigated on the basis of analysis. The experimental results indicated that the metallurgical properties of cold bound pellet could satisfy the demands of the shaft direct reduction. The reduction of ferrous oxide with gas was taken as the domination. The reduction ratio of ferrous oxide with fixed carbon increased with the raising of temperature, and most part of the carbon remained in metallized pellet. The shaft could be smoothly operated to obtain rather higher constant utilization.展开更多
Poyang Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China and contains many species of wild birds and waterfowls.We conducted a survey of avian influenza viruses in nine semi-artificial waterfowl farms in Poyang Lake...Poyang Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China and contains many species of wild birds and waterfowls.We conducted a survey of avian influenza viruses in nine semi-artificial waterfowl farms in Poyang Lake during January to March of 2010.Out of 1036 cloacal swabs collected,three H3N2 and one H4N6 influenza viruses were isolated from healthy mallards.All the isolates were genetically and phylogenetically characterized.The analysis of putative HA cleavage sites showed that all the four isolates possessed the molecular characteristics(QTRGL for H3N2 viruses,PEKASR for H4N6 virus) of lowly pathogenic avian influenza(LPAI) virus.The phylogenetic analysis of the viral genomes showed that all four virus isolates clustered in the Eurasian clade of influenza viruses.The M gene of the viruses possessed the highest homology with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses.In addition,co-infection of H3N2 and H4N6 in the same farm was observed.And interestingly,we isolated two subtypes viruses(H3N2 and H4N6) and their progeny virus(H3N2) with evidence of genome reassortment from the same farm,in which the PB1 and PB2 gene segments of H4N6 replaced those of the H3N2 strain.The results of animal infection experiments showed that all the four isolated viruses were lowly pathogenic to chickens and not pathogenic to mice,which was consistent with the results of genetic analysis.展开更多
文摘The metallurgical properties of cold bound pellet were tested and analysed, and the behaviour and characters of reduction in the shaft were further investigated on the basis of analysis. The experimental results indicated that the metallurgical properties of cold bound pellet could satisfy the demands of the shaft direct reduction. The reduction of ferrous oxide with gas was taken as the domination. The reduction ratio of ferrous oxide with fixed carbon increased with the raising of temperature, and most part of the carbon remained in metallized pellet. The shaft could be smoothly operated to obtain rather higher constant utilization.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2010CB534005,2007FY210700,2009ZX10004-109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970024,30900060)+2 种基金Hubei Science and Technology Major Projects(2011ZX09401-302)the National R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program of China (BSDN2009-10&18)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2YW-N-065,KSCX2-YW-R-157,158 and 159,INFO-115-C01-SDB3-01, INFO-115-C01-SDB4-21,IN-FO-115-D02 and IN-FO-115-C01-SDB2-02)
文摘Poyang Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China and contains many species of wild birds and waterfowls.We conducted a survey of avian influenza viruses in nine semi-artificial waterfowl farms in Poyang Lake during January to March of 2010.Out of 1036 cloacal swabs collected,three H3N2 and one H4N6 influenza viruses were isolated from healthy mallards.All the isolates were genetically and phylogenetically characterized.The analysis of putative HA cleavage sites showed that all the four isolates possessed the molecular characteristics(QTRGL for H3N2 viruses,PEKASR for H4N6 virus) of lowly pathogenic avian influenza(LPAI) virus.The phylogenetic analysis of the viral genomes showed that all four virus isolates clustered in the Eurasian clade of influenza viruses.The M gene of the viruses possessed the highest homology with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses.In addition,co-infection of H3N2 and H4N6 in the same farm was observed.And interestingly,we isolated two subtypes viruses(H3N2 and H4N6) and their progeny virus(H3N2) with evidence of genome reassortment from the same farm,in which the PB1 and PB2 gene segments of H4N6 replaced those of the H3N2 strain.The results of animal infection experiments showed that all the four isolated viruses were lowly pathogenic to chickens and not pathogenic to mice,which was consistent with the results of genetic analysis.
