Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.Breeding of clubroot resistant cultivars bas...Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.Breeding of clubroot resistant cultivars based on mapping and cloning of resistant genes is commonly regarded as the most cost-effective and efficient way to fight against this disease.The traditional way of R gene functional validation requires stable transformation that is both time-and labor-consuming.In this study,a rapid and efficient hairy-root transgenic protocol mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed.The transformation positive rate was over 80%in Brassica napus showed by GUS reporter gene and this transformation only took 1/6 of the time compared with stable transformation.The system was applicable to different B.napus varieties and other cruciferous crops including Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea.In particular,two known CR genes,CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 were used respectively,as example to show that the system works well for CR gene study combined with subsequent P.brassicae infection in B.napus.Most importantly,it works both in over-expression that led to disease resistance,as well as in RNAi which led to disease susceptible phenotype.Therefore,this system can be used in batch-wise identification of CR genes,and also offered the possibility of manipulating key genes within the P.brassicae genome that could improve our knowledge on host-pathogen interaction.展开更多
Nickel cobalt bimetallic heterogeneous sulfides are attractive battery-type materials for electrochemical energy storage.However,the precise synthesis of electrode materials that integrate highly efficient ions/electr...Nickel cobalt bimetallic heterogeneous sulfides are attractive battery-type materials for electrochemical energy storage.However,the precise synthesis of electrode materials that integrate highly efficient ions/electrons diffusion with abundant charge transfer channels has always been challenging.Herein,an effective and concise controllable hydrothermal approach is reported for tuning the crystalline and integrated structures of MOF-derived bimetallic sulfides to accelerate the charge transfer kinetics,and thus enabling rich Faradaic redox reaction.The as-obtained low-crystalline heterogeneous NiCo_(2)S_(4)/Co_(3)S_(4)nanocages exhibit a high specific capacity(1023 C/g at 1 A/g),remarkable rate performance(560 C/g at 10A/g),and outstanding cycling stability(89.6%retention after 5000 cycles).Furthermore,hybrid supercapacitors fabricated with NiCo_(2)S_(4)/Co_(3)S_(4)and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide display an outstanding energy density of 40.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 806.3 W/kg,with an excellent capacity retention of 88.3%after 10000 charge-discharge cycles.展开更多
SIZ1 is a small ubiquitin-related modifier（SUMO） E3 ligase that mediates post-translational SUMO modification of target proteins and thereby regulates developmental processes and hormonal and environmental stress re...SIZ1 is a small ubiquitin-related modifier（SUMO） E3 ligase that mediates post-translational SUMO modification of target proteins and thereby regulates developmental processes and hormonal and environmental stress responses in Arabidopsis. However,the role of SUMO E3 ligases in crop plants is largely unknown. Here, we identified and characterized two Glycine max（soybean） SUMO E3 ligases, GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b. Expression of GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b was induced in response to salicylic acid（SA）, heat, and dehydration treatment, but not in response to cold, abscisic acid（ABA）, and Na Cl treatment. Although GmSIZ1a was expressed at higher levels than GmSIZ1b, both genes encoded proteins with SUMO E3 ligase activity in vivo.Heterologous expression of GmSIZ1a or GmSIZ1b rescued the mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis siz1-2, including dwarfism, constitutively activated expression of pathogen-related genes, and ABA-sensitive seed germination.Simultaneous downregulation of GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b（GmSIZ1a/b） using RNA interference（RNAi）-mediated gene silencing decreased heat shock-induced SUMO conjugation in soybean. Moreover, GmSIZ1 RNAi plants exhibited reduced plant height and leaf size. However,unlike Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant plants, flowering time and SA levels were not significantly altered in GmSIZ1 RNAi plants. Taken together, our results indicate that GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b mediate SUMO modification and positively regulate vegetative growth in soybean.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Wuhan Science and Technology Major Project on Key techniques of biological breeding and Breeding of new varieties(Grant No.2022021302024851)the special project for sustainable development agenda of innovation demonstration zone(Grant No.202204AC100001-A04)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1200400)。
文摘Many economically important crops and vegetables belonging to the cruciferous family are heavily endangered by clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.Breeding of clubroot resistant cultivars based on mapping and cloning of resistant genes is commonly regarded as the most cost-effective and efficient way to fight against this disease.The traditional way of R gene functional validation requires stable transformation that is both time-and labor-consuming.In this study,a rapid and efficient hairy-root transgenic protocol mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes was developed.The transformation positive rate was over 80%in Brassica napus showed by GUS reporter gene and this transformation only took 1/6 of the time compared with stable transformation.The system was applicable to different B.napus varieties and other cruciferous crops including Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea.In particular,two known CR genes,CRA3.7.1 and CRA8.2.4 were used respectively,as example to show that the system works well for CR gene study combined with subsequent P.brassicae infection in B.napus.Most importantly,it works both in over-expression that led to disease resistance,as well as in RNAi which led to disease susceptible phenotype.Therefore,this system can be used in batch-wise identification of CR genes,and also offered the possibility of manipulating key genes within the P.brassicae genome that could improve our knowledge on host-pathogen interaction.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173255 and 52125202)the Opening Project of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials(No.JSKC20021)PAPD of Jiangsu and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Micro/nanomaterials and Equipment(Co-constructed by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education)。
文摘Nickel cobalt bimetallic heterogeneous sulfides are attractive battery-type materials for electrochemical energy storage.However,the precise synthesis of electrode materials that integrate highly efficient ions/electrons diffusion with abundant charge transfer channels has always been challenging.Herein,an effective and concise controllable hydrothermal approach is reported for tuning the crystalline and integrated structures of MOF-derived bimetallic sulfides to accelerate the charge transfer kinetics,and thus enabling rich Faradaic redox reaction.The as-obtained low-crystalline heterogeneous NiCo_(2)S_(4)/Co_(3)S_(4)nanocages exhibit a high specific capacity(1023 C/g at 1 A/g),remarkable rate performance(560 C/g at 10A/g),and outstanding cycling stability(89.6%retention after 5000 cycles).Furthermore,hybrid supercapacitors fabricated with NiCo_(2)S_(4)/Co_(3)S_(4)and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide display an outstanding energy density of 40.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 806.3 W/kg,with an excellent capacity retention of 88.3%after 10000 charge-discharge cycles.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471363 for J.B.J.)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2012CB114302 for J.B.J.)+1 种基金the National Transgenic Major Program (2009ZX08009-087B for J.B.J.and 2009ZX08009-132B for X.L.)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA08010105 for J.B.J.)
文摘SIZ1 is a small ubiquitin-related modifier（SUMO） E3 ligase that mediates post-translational SUMO modification of target proteins and thereby regulates developmental processes and hormonal and environmental stress responses in Arabidopsis. However,the role of SUMO E3 ligases in crop plants is largely unknown. Here, we identified and characterized two Glycine max（soybean） SUMO E3 ligases, GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b. Expression of GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b was induced in response to salicylic acid（SA）, heat, and dehydration treatment, but not in response to cold, abscisic acid（ABA）, and Na Cl treatment. Although GmSIZ1a was expressed at higher levels than GmSIZ1b, both genes encoded proteins with SUMO E3 ligase activity in vivo.Heterologous expression of GmSIZ1a or GmSIZ1b rescued the mutant phenotype of Arabidopsis siz1-2, including dwarfism, constitutively activated expression of pathogen-related genes, and ABA-sensitive seed germination.Simultaneous downregulation of GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b（GmSIZ1a/b） using RNA interference（RNAi）-mediated gene silencing decreased heat shock-induced SUMO conjugation in soybean. Moreover, GmSIZ1 RNAi plants exhibited reduced plant height and leaf size. However,unlike Arabidopsis siz1-2 mutant plants, flowering time and SA levels were not significantly altered in GmSIZ1 RNAi plants. Taken together, our results indicate that GmSIZ1a and GmSIZ1b mediate SUMO modification and positively regulate vegetative growth in soybean.
