Attention is the cornerstone of effective functioning in a complex and information-rich world.While the neural activity of attention has been extensively studied in the cortex,the brain-wide neural activity patterns a...Attention is the cornerstone of effective functioning in a complex and information-rich world.While the neural activity of attention has been extensively studied in the cortex,the brain-wide neural activity patterns are largely unknown.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of neural activity across the mouse brain during attentional processing using EEG and c-Fos staining,utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the c-Fos activation patterns.Our findings reveal that a wide range of brain regions are activated,notably in the high-order cortex,thalamus,and brain stem regions involved in advanced cognition and arousal regulation,with the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus as a strong hub,suggesting the crucial role of the thalamus in attention control.These results provide valuable insights into the neural network mechanisms underlying attention,offering a foundation for formulating functional hypotheses and conducting circuit-level testing.展开更多
A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total che...A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.展开更多
The oral ecosystem(OE)is a critical yet underexplored interface where food components interact with host physiology to shape flavor perception.This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge on OE-flavor intera...The oral ecosystem(OE)is a critical yet underexplored interface where food components interact with host physiology to shape flavor perception.This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge on OE-flavor interactions through a hierarchical framework:1)oral secretion-mediated flavor release and modification;2)microbiota-driven flavor biotransformation;and 3)dynamic feedback loops between oral secretion and oral microbiota.We further critically evaluate emerging strategies for precision OE modulation,focusing on natural bioactives that target specific microbial guilds.Furthermore,we propose additional efforts in integrating multi-omics profiling with machine learning algorithms for data-driven personalized OE modulation.This work provides actionable insights into OE-tailored strategies in developing future foods with enhanced sensory experiences.展开更多
文摘Attention is the cornerstone of effective functioning in a complex and information-rich world.While the neural activity of attention has been extensively studied in the cortex,the brain-wide neural activity patterns are largely unknown.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of neural activity across the mouse brain during attentional processing using EEG and c-Fos staining,utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the c-Fos activation patterns.Our findings reveal that a wide range of brain regions are activated,notably in the high-order cortex,thalamus,and brain stem regions involved in advanced cognition and arousal regulation,with the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus as a strong hub,suggesting the crucial role of the thalamus in attention control.These results provide valuable insights into the neural network mechanisms underlying attention,offering a foundation for formulating functional hypotheses and conducting circuit-level testing.
基金supported by the Energy Market Authority,Singapore through Smart Energy Challenge research funding
文摘A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302265).
文摘The oral ecosystem(OE)is a critical yet underexplored interface where food components interact with host physiology to shape flavor perception.This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge on OE-flavor interactions through a hierarchical framework:1)oral secretion-mediated flavor release and modification;2)microbiota-driven flavor biotransformation;and 3)dynamic feedback loops between oral secretion and oral microbiota.We further critically evaluate emerging strategies for precision OE modulation,focusing on natural bioactives that target specific microbial guilds.Furthermore,we propose additional efforts in integrating multi-omics profiling with machine learning algorithms for data-driven personalized OE modulation.This work provides actionable insights into OE-tailored strategies in developing future foods with enhanced sensory experiences.
