Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(−))is central to both physiological signaling and diverse pathological processes.Its dual nature underscores the need for precise tools to investigate its spatiotemporal dynamics and biological fun...Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(−))is central to both physiological signaling and diverse pathological processes.Its dual nature underscores the need for precise tools to investigate its spatiotemporal dynamics and biological functions.However,the controlled generation and real-time tracking of ONOO^(−)remain challenging due to its short half-life and high reactivity.Current small-molecule ONOO^(−)donors often suffer from limitations such as slow release,low efficiency,and off-target effects.To overcome these challenges,here we report a new class of photo-triggered ONOO^(−)donors(O-PND and Si-PND)based on a single rhodamine-derived scaffold,enabling precise ONOO^(−)release with built-in fluorescence calibration.These molecular tools facilitate efficient ONOO^(−)generation under blue light irradiation,as confirmed in PBS and live cells,and exhibit excellent cell membrane permeability.Upon intracellular activation,O-PND and Si-PND induced a marked increase in oxidative stress.However,further studies reveal that the rapid transient ONOO^(−)burst in RAW264.7 cells was insufficient to significantly modulate macrophage polarization.Collectively,these robust self-reporting ONOO^(−)donors provide a powerful single-molecule platform for investigating ONOO^(−)-mediated biological mechanisms with spatiotemporal precision.展开更多
Near infrared(NIR) absorbing and emitting dyes are sought after for their potentials in bioimaging and theranostic applications. They are typically not as stable as dyes absorbing and emitting in the visible spectral ...Near infrared(NIR) absorbing and emitting dyes are sought after for their potentials in bioimaging and theranostic applications. They are typically not as stable as dyes absorbing and emitting in the visible spectral range, as the result of a reduced HOMO-LUMO band-gap. Also, they are not as efficient fluorescence emitters due to accelerated internal conversion kinetics. In addition, their large conjugative backbone render them high tendency to form aggregate and low aqueous solubility. In this tutorial, we have described a four-step approach for rational design of organic dyes with an overall high-performance to meet the rigorous requirements of biological applications. Also, some background regarding "NIR" is provided along with some recent breakthroughs of the field.展开更多
Nitric oxide（NO） donors are versatile tools for nitric oxide biology. The biological response of NO is dependent on the transient concentration and the sustained duration. N-Nitrosated rhodamines are photo-triggered...Nitric oxide（NO） donors are versatile tools for nitric oxide biology. The biological response of NO is dependent on the transient concentration and the sustained duration. N-Nitrosated rhodamines are photo-triggered and photo-calibrated NO donors. We recently discovered that suppression of the dihedral angle between the N-nitroso fragment with the rhodamine scaffold facilitates NO release.Inspired by this discovery, we developed a fast-releasing NO donor （NOD575） suitable for biological applications, e.g., the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells（PASMCs）.展开更多
Fluorescence-guided surgery calls for development of near-infrared fluorophores.Despite the wide-spread application and a safe clinical record of Indocyanine Green(ICG),its maximal absorption wavelength at780 nm is ra...Fluorescence-guided surgery calls for development of near-infrared fluorophores.Despite the wide-spread application and a safe clinical record of Indocyanine Green(ICG),its maximal absorption wavelength at780 nm is rather short and longer-wavelength dyes are desired to exploit such benefits as low phototoxicity and deep penetration depth.Here,we report ECY,a stable deep near-infrared(NIR)fluorochromic scaffold absorbing/emitting at 836/871 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield of 16%in CH_(2)Cl_(2).ECY was further rationally engineered for biological distribution specificity.Analogous bearing different numbers of sulfonate group or a polyethylene glycol chain were synthesized.By screening this focused library upon intravenous injection to BALB/c mice,ECYS2 was identified to be a suitable candidate for bioimaging of organs involved in hepatobiliary excretion,and ECYPEG was found to be a superior candidate for vasculature imaging.They have potentials in intraoperative imaging.展开更多
Novel xanthenoid dyes by replacing the central oxygen atom of the xanthene dyes with less electronrich bridging groups have been intensively sought after primarily for their long spectral wavelengths.However, the new ...Novel xanthenoid dyes by replacing the central oxygen atom of the xanthene dyes with less electronrich bridging groups have been intensively sought after primarily for their long spectral wavelengths.However, the new scaffolds are likely prone to nucleophilic attack at their central methane carbon, as the result of the reduced electron density of the fluorochromic scaffolds. We envisage that the bridging group may be harnessed to sterically shield the central methane carbon from incoming nucleophiles and render high stability and synthesized xantheno-xanthene dyes. Additionally, the xantheno-bridging group can be modified via electrophilic aromatic substitution to introduce functionalities, e.g., sulfonate groups.展开更多
Numerical simulation tools based on potential-flow theory and/or Morison’s equation are widely used for predicting the hydrodynamic responses of floating offshore wind platforms.In general,these simplified approaches...Numerical simulation tools based on potential-flow theory and/or Morison’s equation are widely used for predicting the hydrodynamic responses of floating offshore wind platforms.In general,these simplified approaches are used for the analysis under operational conditions,albeit with a carefully selected approach to account for viscous effects.Nevertheless,due to the limit hydrodynamic modelling to linear and weakly nonlinear models,these approaches severely underpredict the low-frequency nonlinear wave loads and dynamic responses of a semisubmersible.They may not capture important nonlinearities in severe sea states.For the prediction of wave-induced motions and loads on a semisubmersible,this work systematically compares a fully nonlinear viscous-flow solver and a hybrid model combining the potential-flow theory with Morison-drag loads in steep waves.Results show that when nonlinear phenomena are not dominant,the results obtained by the hybrid model and the high-fidelity method show reasonable agreement,while larger discrepancies occur for highly nonlinear regular waves.Specifically,regular waves with various steepness over different frequencies are focused in the present study,which supplements the understanding in applicability of these two groups of method.展开更多
Thioxo/dithioxo-naphthalimide is a class of rarely visited fluorophore,first synthesized in 1999.Facile chemistry was devised to achieve mono or dual thionation of the two carbonyl groups of 1,8-naphthalimide.Thionati...Thioxo/dithioxo-naphthalimide is a class of rarely visited fluorophore,first synthesized in 1999.Facile chemistry was devised to achieve mono or dual thionation of the two carbonyl groups of 1,8-naphthalimide.Thionation effectively shifts absorption maximum to longer spectral wavelength,significantly increase absorption coefficients,and dramatically enhances intersystem crossing efficiency with respect to their oxo-analogues.They were first explored as potent photocleavers to induce DNA strand break and novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapies.In recent years,the unique chemistry of thioxo groups has been harnessed to achieve new applications,such as fluorescent sensors for heave metal ions.These unique photochemical and photophysical characteristics revitalize them intriguing functional molecules to investigate.In this short review,we wish to revisit their first discovery,facile synthesis,and the endeavors on the use of thioxo/dithioxo-naphthalimides for novel chemical and biomedical applications.展开更多
The cyanine dyes represented by IR780 can achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT)under the stimulation of near-infrared(NIR)light(commonly 808 nm).Unfortunately,the stability of NIR-...The cyanine dyes represented by IR780 can achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT)under the stimulation of near-infrared(NIR)light(commonly 808 nm).Unfortunately,the stability of NIR-excited cyanine dyes is not satisfactory.These cyanine dyes can be attacked by self-generated reactive oxygen species(ROS)during PDT processes,resulting in structural damage and rapid degradation,which is fatal for phototherapy.To address this issue,a novel non-cyanine dye(IR890)was elaborately designed and synthesized by our team.The maximum absorption wavelength of IR890 was located in the deep NIR region(ca.890 nm),which was beneficial for further improving tissue penetration depth.Importantly,IR890 exhibited good stability when continuously illuminated by deep NIR light.To improve the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility,the hydrophobic IR890 dye was grafted onto the side chain of hydrophilic polymer(POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-C≡CH)via click chemistry.Then,the synthesized POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-IR890 amphiphilic polymerwas utilized to prepare P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer via self-assembly method.Under irradiation with deep NIR light(850 nm,0.5 W/cm^(2),10 min),the dye degradation rate of P-IR890 was less than 5%.However,IR780 was almost completely degraded with the same light output power density and irradiation duration.In addition,P-IR890 could stably generate a large number of ROS and heat at the same time.It was rarely reported that the stable synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT could be efficiently performed by a single photosensitizer via irradiation with deep NIR light.P-IR890 exhibited favorable anti-tumor outcomes through apoptosis pathway.Therefore,the P-IR890 could provide a new insight into the design of photosensitizers and new opportunities for synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT.展开更多
Radical detection has attracted significant attention recently. Here we have developed a scaffold through covalent assembly principle（OR570）, which could facile applications in detection of oxidative radicals.The pr...Radical detection has attracted significant attention recently. Here we have developed a scaffold through covalent assembly principle（OR570）, which could facile applications in detection of oxidative radicals.The primary advantage of the assembly type probe lies at the turn-on fluorescence signal from a zero background and hence high fluorescence turn-on ratio for sensitive detection of weak signal.展开更多
In vivo imaging in the deep near-infrared(NIR)spectral region,that is,beyond 800 nm,has become popular due to its penetration depth.While imaging of the neutral medium/tissue has been repeatedly showcased,imaging of t...In vivo imaging in the deep near-infrared(NIR)spectral region,that is,beyond 800 nm,has become popular due to its penetration depth.While imaging of the neutral medium/tissue has been repeatedly showcased,imaging of the high-acidic medium remains challenging partly because of the high-lying HOMO orbital and hence a high pKa of the electron-donating group of the NIR fluorophores.We devised a novel electron-donating group(D6)with which we further synthesized ECJ.ECJ exhibits an absorption wavelength beyond 900 nm and is fluorescent.Its pKa was found to be lower than zero,rendering it suitable for bioimaging of a highly-acidic medium.Its potential for practical applications was showcased in proof-of-concept in vivo imaging with a mouse model.展开更多
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is common in patients who undergo revascularization therapy for myocardial infarction, often leading to cardiac dysfunction. Carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a therapeu...Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is common in patients who undergo revascularization therapy for myocardial infarction, often leading to cardiac dysfunction. Carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a therapeutic molecule due to its beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and mitochondrial biogenesis-promoting properties. However, its clinical application is limited due to uncontrolled release, potential toxicity, and poor targeting efficiency. To address these limitations, a peroxynitrite (ONOO )-triggered CO donor (PCOD585) is utilized to generate a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based, biomimetic CO nanogenerator (M/PCOD@PLGA) that is coated with the macrophage membrane, which could target to the ischemic area and neutralize proinflammatory cytokines. In the ischemic area, local produced ONOO triggers the continuous release of CO from M/PCOD@PLGA, which efficiently ameliorates MI/R injury by clearing harmful ONOO , attenuating the inflammatory response, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. This study provides a novel insight into the safe therapeutic use of CO for MI/R injury by utilizing a novel CO donor combined with biomimetic technology. The M/PCOD@PLGA nanogenerator offers targeted delivery of CO to the ischemic area, minimizing potential toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.展开更多
Uni-directional multi-state fluorochromic scaffolds are valuable photofunctional molecules and yet scarce. We report a general approach for their design, i.e., mechanodonor-acceptor coupling(MDAC). A photochromic mole...Uni-directional multi-state fluorochromic scaffolds are valuable photofunctional molecules and yet scarce. We report a general approach for their design, i.e., mechanodonor-acceptor coupling(MDAC). A photochromic molecule is a mechanodonor, due to its capability to convert photonic energy into mechanical force. Upon proper coupling, it can be used to drive a mechanochromic molecule for uni-directional multi-state fluorochromism. The embodiment of this approach is a rhodamine-dithienylethylene hydride(RDH), which has been successfully employed in super-resolution localization microscopy.展开更多
Ratiometric probes facilitate quantitative studies via self-calibration and are cherished for bioimaging.Often,a small probe-product spectral separation leads to crosstalk,but the rational development of ratiometric p...Ratiometric probes facilitate quantitative studies via self-calibration and are cherished for bioimaging.Often,a small probe-product spectral separation leads to crosstalk,but the rational development of ratiometric probes with zero probe-product crosstalk remains challenging.Harnessing the recent progress on photophysical modulation of xanthenoid fluorochromes,we propose a powerful and versatile probe design principle,that is,“bridging-group modification,”and developed totalROX,a robust probe for monitoring the total cellular oxidative capacity.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(24ZR1418800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278138)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JKY01241620)the Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1-421000).
文摘Peroxynitrite(ONOO^(−))is central to both physiological signaling and diverse pathological processes.Its dual nature underscores the need for precise tools to investigate its spatiotemporal dynamics and biological functions.However,the controlled generation and real-time tracking of ONOO^(−)remain challenging due to its short half-life and high reactivity.Current small-molecule ONOO^(−)donors often suffer from limitations such as slow release,low efficiency,and off-target effects.To overcome these challenges,here we report a new class of photo-triggered ONOO^(−)donors(O-PND and Si-PND)based on a single rhodamine-derived scaffold,enabling precise ONOO^(−)release with built-in fluorescence calibration.These molecular tools facilitate efficient ONOO^(−)generation under blue light irradiation,as confirmed in PBS and live cells,and exhibit excellent cell membrane permeability.Upon intracellular activation,O-PND and Si-PND induced a marked increase in oxidative stress.However,further studies reveal that the rapid transient ONOO^(−)burst in RAW264.7 cells was insufficient to significantly modulate macrophage polarization.Collectively,these robust self-reporting ONOO^(−)donors provide a powerful single-molecule platform for investigating ONOO^(−)-mediated biological mechanisms with spatiotemporal precision.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21574039 and 21822805)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No. 18DZ1112703)
文摘Near infrared(NIR) absorbing and emitting dyes are sought after for their potentials in bioimaging and theranostic applications. They are typically not as stable as dyes absorbing and emitting in the visible spectral range, as the result of a reduced HOMO-LUMO band-gap. Also, they are not as efficient fluorescence emitters due to accelerated internal conversion kinetics. In addition, their large conjugative backbone render them high tendency to form aggregate and low aqueous solubility. In this tutorial, we have described a four-step approach for rational design of organic dyes with an overall high-performance to meet the rigorous requirements of biological applications. Also, some background regarding "NIR" is provided along with some recent breakthroughs of the field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21572061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. WY1516017)
文摘Nitric oxide（NO） donors are versatile tools for nitric oxide biology. The biological response of NO is dependent on the transient concentration and the sustained duration. N-Nitrosated rhodamines are photo-triggered and photo-calibrated NO donors. We recently discovered that suppression of the dihedral angle between the N-nitroso fragment with the rhodamine scaffold facilitates NO release.Inspired by this discovery, we developed a fast-releasing NO donor （NOD575） suitable for biological applications, e.g., the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells（PASMCs）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21908065,22078098,and 22278138)the Shanghai Academic Technology Research Leader(No.22XD1421000)+1 种基金the Research Funds of Happiness Flower ECNU(No.2020JK2103)the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering。
文摘Fluorescence-guided surgery calls for development of near-infrared fluorophores.Despite the wide-spread application and a safe clinical record of Indocyanine Green(ICG),its maximal absorption wavelength at780 nm is rather short and longer-wavelength dyes are desired to exploit such benefits as low phototoxicity and deep penetration depth.Here,we report ECY,a stable deep near-infrared(NIR)fluorochromic scaffold absorbing/emitting at 836/871 nm with a fluorescence quantum yield of 16%in CH_(2)Cl_(2).ECY was further rationally engineered for biological distribution specificity.Analogous bearing different numbers of sulfonate group or a polyethylene glycol chain were synthesized.By screening this focused library upon intravenous injection to BALB/c mice,ECYS2 was identified to be a suitable candidate for bioimaging of organs involved in hepatobiliary excretion,and ECYPEG was found to be a superior candidate for vasculature imaging.They have potentials in intraoperative imaging.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21822805, 21908065, 22078098)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality for the Shanghai International Cooperation Program (No. 18430711000)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2019M651427, 2020T130197)。
文摘Novel xanthenoid dyes by replacing the central oxygen atom of the xanthene dyes with less electronrich bridging groups have been intensively sought after primarily for their long spectral wavelengths.However, the new scaffolds are likely prone to nucleophilic attack at their central methane carbon, as the result of the reduced electron density of the fluorochromic scaffolds. We envisage that the bridging group may be harnessed to sterically shield the central methane carbon from incoming nucleophiles and render high stability and synthesized xantheno-xanthene dyes. Additionally, the xantheno-bridging group can be modified via electrophilic aromatic substitution to introduce functionalities, e.g., sulfonate groups.
文摘Numerical simulation tools based on potential-flow theory and/or Morison’s equation are widely used for predicting the hydrodynamic responses of floating offshore wind platforms.In general,these simplified approaches are used for the analysis under operational conditions,albeit with a carefully selected approach to account for viscous effects.Nevertheless,due to the limit hydrodynamic modelling to linear and weakly nonlinear models,these approaches severely underpredict the low-frequency nonlinear wave loads and dynamic responses of a semisubmersible.They may not capture important nonlinearities in severe sea states.For the prediction of wave-induced motions and loads on a semisubmersible,this work systematically compares a fully nonlinear viscous-flow solver and a hybrid model combining the potential-flow theory with Morison-drag loads in steep waves.Results show that when nonlinear phenomena are not dominant,the results obtained by the hybrid model and the high-fidelity method show reasonable agreement,while larger discrepancies occur for highly nonlinear regular waves.Specifically,regular waves with various steepness over different frequencies are focused in the present study,which supplements the understanding in applicability of these two groups of method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21822805 and 21908065)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.18DZ1112703)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651427)。
文摘Thioxo/dithioxo-naphthalimide is a class of rarely visited fluorophore,first synthesized in 1999.Facile chemistry was devised to achieve mono or dual thionation of the two carbonyl groups of 1,8-naphthalimide.Thionation effectively shifts absorption maximum to longer spectral wavelength,significantly increase absorption coefficients,and dramatically enhances intersystem crossing efficiency with respect to their oxo-analogues.They were first explored as potent photocleavers to induce DNA strand break and novel photosensitizers for photodynamic therapies.In recent years,the unique chemistry of thioxo groups has been harnessed to achieve new applications,such as fluorescent sensors for heave metal ions.These unique photochemical and photophysical characteristics revitalize them intriguing functional molecules to investigate.In this short review,we wish to revisit their first discovery,facile synthesis,and the endeavors on the use of thioxo/dithioxo-naphthalimides for novel chemical and biomedical applications.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82271629 and 82301790)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2023R01002)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023J054).
文摘The cyanine dyes represented by IR780 can achieve synergistic photodynamic therapy(PDT)and photothermal therapy(PTT)under the stimulation of near-infrared(NIR)light(commonly 808 nm).Unfortunately,the stability of NIR-excited cyanine dyes is not satisfactory.These cyanine dyes can be attacked by self-generated reactive oxygen species(ROS)during PDT processes,resulting in structural damage and rapid degradation,which is fatal for phototherapy.To address this issue,a novel non-cyanine dye(IR890)was elaborately designed and synthesized by our team.The maximum absorption wavelength of IR890 was located in the deep NIR region(ca.890 nm),which was beneficial for further improving tissue penetration depth.Importantly,IR890 exhibited good stability when continuously illuminated by deep NIR light.To improve the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility,the hydrophobic IR890 dye was grafted onto the side chain of hydrophilic polymer(POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-C≡CH)via click chemistry.Then,the synthesized POEGMA-b-PGMA-g-IR890 amphiphilic polymerwas utilized to prepare P-IR890 nano-photosensitizer via self-assembly method.Under irradiation with deep NIR light(850 nm,0.5 W/cm^(2),10 min),the dye degradation rate of P-IR890 was less than 5%.However,IR780 was almost completely degraded with the same light output power density and irradiation duration.In addition,P-IR890 could stably generate a large number of ROS and heat at the same time.It was rarely reported that the stable synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT could be efficiently performed by a single photosensitizer via irradiation with deep NIR light.P-IR890 exhibited favorable anti-tumor outcomes through apoptosis pathway.Therefore,the P-IR890 could provide a new insight into the design of photosensitizers and new opportunities for synergistic combination therapy of PDT and PTT.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 1222201718004, WY1514053 and WY1516017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21372080, 21572061, and 21236002)
文摘Radical detection has attracted significant attention recently. Here we have developed a scaffold through covalent assembly principle（OR570）, which could facile applications in detection of oxidative radicals.The primary advantage of the assembly type probe lies at the turn-on fluorescence signal from a zero background and hence high fluorescence turn-on ratio for sensitive detection of weak signal.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD17800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078098,and 22278138)+2 种基金the Shanghai Academic Technology Research Leader(22XD1421000)the Research Funds of Happiness Flower ECNU(2020JK2103)the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering.
文摘In vivo imaging in the deep near-infrared(NIR)spectral region,that is,beyond 800 nm,has become popular due to its penetration depth.While imaging of the neutral medium/tissue has been repeatedly showcased,imaging of the high-acidic medium remains challenging partly because of the high-lying HOMO orbital and hence a high pKa of the electron-donating group of the NIR fluorophores.We devised a novel electron-donating group(D6)with which we further synthesized ECJ.ECJ exhibits an absorption wavelength beyond 900 nm and is fluorescent.Its pKa was found to be lower than zero,rendering it suitable for bioimaging of a highly-acidic medium.Its potential for practical applications was showcased in proof-of-concept in vivo imaging with a mouse model.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81900353,82270264,T2288101,82130010,21908065,22078098,22278138)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(817200010)+1 种基金the Basic research projects of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(22JC1400500)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission.
文摘Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury is common in patients who undergo revascularization therapy for myocardial infarction, often leading to cardiac dysfunction. Carbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a therapeutic molecule due to its beneficial properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and mitochondrial biogenesis-promoting properties. However, its clinical application is limited due to uncontrolled release, potential toxicity, and poor targeting efficiency. To address these limitations, a peroxynitrite (ONOO )-triggered CO donor (PCOD585) is utilized to generate a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based, biomimetic CO nanogenerator (M/PCOD@PLGA) that is coated with the macrophage membrane, which could target to the ischemic area and neutralize proinflammatory cytokines. In the ischemic area, local produced ONOO triggers the continuous release of CO from M/PCOD@PLGA, which efficiently ameliorates MI/R injury by clearing harmful ONOO , attenuating the inflammatory response, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. This study provides a novel insight into the safe therapeutic use of CO for MI/R injury by utilizing a novel CO donor combined with biomimetic technology. The M/PCOD@PLGA nanogenerator offers targeted delivery of CO to the ischemic area, minimizing potential toxicity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822805,21922704,21877069,21908065,22078098)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651427,2020T130197)the Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality(18430711000)。
文摘Uni-directional multi-state fluorochromic scaffolds are valuable photofunctional molecules and yet scarce. We report a general approach for their design, i.e., mechanodonor-acceptor coupling(MDAC). A photochromic molecule is a mechanodonor, due to its capability to convert photonic energy into mechanical force. Upon proper coupling, it can be used to drive a mechanochromic molecule for uni-directional multi-state fluorochromism. The embodiment of this approach is a rhodamine-dithienylethylene hydride(RDH), which has been successfully employed in super-resolution localization microscopy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21822805,21908065,31871430,81802979,818800585,and 8180032537)Young Medical Talents Training Program of Shanghai(2018)+3 种基金the Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality(no.18430711000)the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(nos.APP1126091 and APP1125794)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality for the Shanghai International Cooperation Program(18430711000)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(nos.2019M651427 and 2020T130197),W.Yang acknowledges the financial support of the innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai.
文摘Ratiometric probes facilitate quantitative studies via self-calibration and are cherished for bioimaging.Often,a small probe-product spectral separation leads to crosstalk,but the rational development of ratiometric probes with zero probe-product crosstalk remains challenging.Harnessing the recent progress on photophysical modulation of xanthenoid fluorochromes,we propose a powerful and versatile probe design principle,that is,“bridging-group modification,”and developed totalROX,a robust probe for monitoring the total cellular oxidative capacity.
