Tight oil reservoirs are complex geological materials composed of solid matrix,pore structure,and mixed multiple phases of fluids,particularly for oil reservoirs suffering from high content of in situ pressurized wate...Tight oil reservoirs are complex geological materials composed of solid matrix,pore structure,and mixed multiple phases of fluids,particularly for oil reservoirs suffering from high content of in situ pressurized water found in China.In this regard,a coupled model considering two-phase flow of oil and water,as well as deformation and damage evolution of porous media,is proposed and validated using associated results,including the oil depletion process,analytical solution of stress shadow effect,and physical experiments on multi-fracture interactions and fracture propagation in unsaturated seepage fields.Then,the proposed model is used to study the behavior of multi-fracture interactions in an unsaturated reservoir in presence of water and oil.The results show that conspicuous interactions exist among multiple induced fractures.Interaction behavior varies from extracted geological profiles of the reservoir due to in situ stress anisotropy.The differential pressures of water and that of oil in different regions of reservoir affect interactions and trajectories of multi-fractures to a considerable degree.The absolute value of reservoir average pressure is a dominant factor affecting fracture interactions and in favor of enhancing fracture network complexity.In addition,difference of reservoir average pressures in different regions of reservoir would promote the fracturing effectiveness.Factors affecting fracture interactions and reservoir treatment effectiveness are quantitatively estimated through stimulated reservoir area.This study confirms the significance of incorporating the two-phase flow process in analyses of multifracture interactions and fracture trajectory predictions during tight sandstone oil reservoir developments.展开更多
Background:The burden of esophageal cancer varies across different regions of the world.The aim of this study is to analyze the current burden of esophageal cancer in 185 countries in 2022 and to project the trends up...Background:The burden of esophageal cancer varies across different regions of the world.The aim of this study is to analyze the current burden of esophageal cancer in 185 countries in 2022 and to project the trends up to the year 2050.Methods:We extracted data on primary esophageal cancer cases and deaths from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database,which includes data from 185 countries.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)and mortality rates(ASMR)per 100,000 person-years were calculated by stratifying by Human Development Index(HDI)levels and regions.Considering changes in population size and age structure,we assumed that the risks of incidence and mortality remain constant at the levels of 2022 to forecast the number of new cases and deaths from esophageal cancer globally by 2050.Results:In 2022,an estimated 511,054 people were diagnosed with esophageal cancer globally,and 445,391 died from the disease.The global ASIR and ASMR for esophageal cancer were 5.00 and 4.30 per 100,000,respectively.The highest rates were observed in East Africa(7.60 for incidence,7.20 for mortality per 100,000),East Asia(7.60 for incidence,5.90 for mortality per 100,000),Southern Africa(6.30 for incidence,5.90 for mortality per 100,000),and South Central Asia(5.80 for incidence,5.50 for mortality per 100,000).Among the 185 countries worldwide,esophageal cancer was among the top five causes of cancer incidence in 18 countries and among the top five causes of cancer mortality in 25 countries.In 2022,China had 224,012 new cases and 187,467 deaths from esophageal cancer,accounting for approximately 43.8%and 42.1%of the global total,respectively,which is higher than the proportion of China’s population to the global population(17.9%).ASIR was 8.30 per 100,000,and ASMR was 6.70 per 100,000.The highest burden of esophageal cancer was in high HDI countries,with new cases and deaths accounting for 51.3%and 50.0%of the global total,respectively.The ASIR and ASMR were highest in the high HDI group(6.10 and 5.10 per 100,000,respectively),also exceeding the global averages.There was a trend of decreasing mortality to incidence ratio with increasing HDI,but no correlation was observed between HDI and ASIR or ASMR.In all regions worldwide,the incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than in females(with a male-to-female ASR ratio ranging from 1.10 to 28.7).Compared to 2022,it is projected that by 2050,the number of new esophageal cancer cases will increase by approximately 80.5%,and deaths will increase by 85.4%due to population growth and aging.Conclusions:The burden of esophageal cancer remains heavy.Adopting a healthy lifestyle,including reducing tobacco and alcohol intake,avoiding moldy foods,and increasing intake of fresh fruits and vegetables,can help reduce the risk of stomach and esophageal cancer.In addition,the development and implementation of evidence-based and effective public health policies are critical to reducing the global disease burden of esophageal cancer.展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51761135102 and 51525402)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N180105029)。
文摘Tight oil reservoirs are complex geological materials composed of solid matrix,pore structure,and mixed multiple phases of fluids,particularly for oil reservoirs suffering from high content of in situ pressurized water found in China.In this regard,a coupled model considering two-phase flow of oil and water,as well as deformation and damage evolution of porous media,is proposed and validated using associated results,including the oil depletion process,analytical solution of stress shadow effect,and physical experiments on multi-fracture interactions and fracture propagation in unsaturated seepage fields.Then,the proposed model is used to study the behavior of multi-fracture interactions in an unsaturated reservoir in presence of water and oil.The results show that conspicuous interactions exist among multiple induced fractures.Interaction behavior varies from extracted geological profiles of the reservoir due to in situ stress anisotropy.The differential pressures of water and that of oil in different regions of reservoir affect interactions and trajectories of multi-fractures to a considerable degree.The absolute value of reservoir average pressure is a dominant factor affecting fracture interactions and in favor of enhancing fracture network complexity.In addition,difference of reservoir average pressures in different regions of reservoir would promote the fracturing effectiveness.Factors affecting fracture interactions and reservoir treatment effectiveness are quantitatively estimated through stimulated reservoir area.This study confirms the significance of incorporating the two-phase flow process in analyses of multifracture interactions and fracture trajectory predictions during tight sandstone oil reservoir developments.
基金funded by the Capital Health Research and Development Special Project(No.2022-2Z-40212)Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(No.7222153)+3 种基金Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-C&T-B-047)Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Project of Beijing Science and Technology Bureau(No.22JCZXJC0040)China Cancer Foundation Beijing Hope Marathon Special Fund(No.LC2021A06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82373072).
文摘Background:The burden of esophageal cancer varies across different regions of the world.The aim of this study is to analyze the current burden of esophageal cancer in 185 countries in 2022 and to project the trends up to the year 2050.Methods:We extracted data on primary esophageal cancer cases and deaths from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database,which includes data from 185 countries.Age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR)and mortality rates(ASMR)per 100,000 person-years were calculated by stratifying by Human Development Index(HDI)levels and regions.Considering changes in population size and age structure,we assumed that the risks of incidence and mortality remain constant at the levels of 2022 to forecast the number of new cases and deaths from esophageal cancer globally by 2050.Results:In 2022,an estimated 511,054 people were diagnosed with esophageal cancer globally,and 445,391 died from the disease.The global ASIR and ASMR for esophageal cancer were 5.00 and 4.30 per 100,000,respectively.The highest rates were observed in East Africa(7.60 for incidence,7.20 for mortality per 100,000),East Asia(7.60 for incidence,5.90 for mortality per 100,000),Southern Africa(6.30 for incidence,5.90 for mortality per 100,000),and South Central Asia(5.80 for incidence,5.50 for mortality per 100,000).Among the 185 countries worldwide,esophageal cancer was among the top five causes of cancer incidence in 18 countries and among the top five causes of cancer mortality in 25 countries.In 2022,China had 224,012 new cases and 187,467 deaths from esophageal cancer,accounting for approximately 43.8%and 42.1%of the global total,respectively,which is higher than the proportion of China’s population to the global population(17.9%).ASIR was 8.30 per 100,000,and ASMR was 6.70 per 100,000.The highest burden of esophageal cancer was in high HDI countries,with new cases and deaths accounting for 51.3%and 50.0%of the global total,respectively.The ASIR and ASMR were highest in the high HDI group(6.10 and 5.10 per 100,000,respectively),also exceeding the global averages.There was a trend of decreasing mortality to incidence ratio with increasing HDI,but no correlation was observed between HDI and ASIR or ASMR.In all regions worldwide,the incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than in females(with a male-to-female ASR ratio ranging from 1.10 to 28.7).Compared to 2022,it is projected that by 2050,the number of new esophageal cancer cases will increase by approximately 80.5%,and deaths will increase by 85.4%due to population growth and aging.Conclusions:The burden of esophageal cancer remains heavy.Adopting a healthy lifestyle,including reducing tobacco and alcohol intake,avoiding moldy foods,and increasing intake of fresh fruits and vegetables,can help reduce the risk of stomach and esophageal cancer.In addition,the development and implementation of evidence-based and effective public health policies are critical to reducing the global disease burden of esophageal cancer.
