Metasurfaces composed of two-dimensional nanopillar arrays can manipulate light fields in desirable ways and exhibit the unique advantage of beam steering.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a metasurface-based wide-an...Metasurfaces composed of two-dimensional nanopillar arrays can manipulate light fields in desirable ways and exhibit the unique advantage of beam steering.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a metasurface-based wide-angle broadband all-dielectric blazed grating with an extreme incident angle of up to 80°,which is achieved by optimizing the wide-angle phase shifts and transmissivities of the unit cells.It exhibits a maximum diffraction efficiency of 72%and a high average efficiency of 64%over a wide range of incident angles from−80° to 45° at 1.55μm.Moreover,the proposed grating has a broad bandwidth of 200 nm(1.45-1.65μm),and average efficiencies of more than 50%can be achieved experimentally over the same incidence angles.Our results may pave the way for the creation of novel and efficient flat optical devices for wavefront control.展开更多
In Oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed,the residual Ca O particles may react with high concentration of CO2 in flue gas to form bonded deposit on heat transfer surfaces in backpass when limestone is used as a sorbent t...In Oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed,the residual Ca O particles may react with high concentration of CO2 in flue gas to form bonded deposit on heat transfer surfaces in backpass when limestone is used as a sorbent to capture SO2.In this paper,experiments were designed on ash deposition in a bench-scale fluidized bed under oxy-fuel and air atmosphere. A novel ash deposit sampling probe was used to simulate the tubes of tail surfaces.The chemical composition of fly ash and ash deposit from both air-firing and oxy-fuel firing cases were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry( ICP-AES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy( SEM),respectively. The degrees of carbonation reaction of ash deposits were measured by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. The results showed that there are distinct differences in fly ash deposition rate between oxy-fuel and air firing cases,and oxy-fuel combustion with limestone addition can affect chemical composition of fly ash and ash deposit,especially for elements of Ca,Na,K,and S. However,the carbonation reaction degree of ash deposits is found weak,which is due to the relatively low Ca O content in ash deposit or not long enough of the sampling time.展开更多
In literature concerning ionic liquid (IL) applications, the commonly accepted properties of ionic liquids are frequently mentioned. For example, ionic liquids are described as possessing immeasurably low vapor pressu...In literature concerning ionic liquid (IL) applications, the commonly accepted properties of ionic liquids are frequently mentioned. For example, ionic liquids are described as possessing immeasurably low vapor pressure, being “green material”, non-coordinating, physically and chemically stable, and non-toxic, to name a few. However, all these descriptions are deemed “not exact” [1] as intensive research on ionic liquid properties continues. This review highlights the most recent developments in IL chemistry where the “well-known” description of IL properties sometimes proves to be inaccurate. However, in the authors’ opinion, all these new research developments concerning ionic liquid properties serve to update knowledge on the typical physical and chemical properties of ILs, which is significant to both theoretical research and industrial applications. This review presents an opportunity to understand IL through a more complete and accurate view. It seeks to pave the way for further studies on IL application in various fields.展开更多
Objectives To find out the association between the sensorineural hearing loss and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in hamsters and mice was detected.Design Using the public data fr...Objectives To find out the association between the sensorineural hearing loss and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in hamsters and mice was detected.Design Using the public data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data,the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the transcriptomic,DNA,and protein levels of ACE2 in the brain,inner ear,and muscle from the golden Syrian hamsters(Mesocricetus auratus)and mice(Mus musculus)was assessed.Results We identified ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressed at different levels in the inner ear and brain at DNA and transcriptomic levels of both mice and hamsters.The protein expression from the brain and inner ear showed a similar pattern,while the expression of ACE2 from the inner ear was relatively higher than that from the muscle.Conclusion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)shows genetic potential to infect the hearing system of rodents and lead to sudden sensorineural hearing loss that can be used as a characteristic to detect asymptomatic patients of COVID-19.展开更多
Background lnterleuldn-18(IL-18)plays a key role in the development,progression and outcome of coronary artery disease and its complications.However,its variability relation to the characterization of atherosclerotic ...Background lnterleuldn-18(IL-18)plays a key role in the development,progression and outcome of coronary artery disease and its complications.However,its variability relation to the characterization of atherosclerotic plaque and percutaneous coronary intervention are still unknown.Methods Fifty four patients with coronary artery disease[22 patients with stable angina(SA)and 32 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)]were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The stability of the plaques at the criminal vessels was assessed with analogical IVUS.Serum IL-18 levels were measured at the time points of 5 rain before PCI,and Oh,6h,24h and lmonth after PCI in all patients.Results ACS group consisted mainly of lipidic unstable plaques while SA group of fibrous stable plaques.Moreover,compared with those in SA group,eccentricity index(EI)and remodeling index(RI)were significantly higher in ACS group.Positive remodeling was seen in ACS group while negative or no remodeling in SA group.Further,serum IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in patients with ACS than those in SA group before PCI,increased at Oh,6h,24h after PCI(P<0.05)and were not significant different at 1 month after PCI from those before PCI.Conclusions There is significant difference in the composition and structural characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques between ACS and UA groups.PCI triggersd and enhances the inflammatory response in a short time.Serum levels of IL-18 are the predictors of progression of unstable plaque in atherosclerosis.Post-operative complications of PCI might be reduced by inhibiting IL-18.展开更多
In order to explore the application effect of the comprehensive control technology of"soil conditioning-organic planting-foliar control"in the rice area of northern Guangdong,the effects of combined applicat...In order to explore the application effect of the comprehensive control technology of"soil conditioning-organic planting-foliar control"in the rice area of northern Guangdong,the effects of combined application of different dosages of soil conditioner,bio-organic fertilizer and foliar control agent on heavy metal contents and yields of early and late rice were investigated based on field experiments.The results showed that different treatments of early rice and late rice all increased the yield.The yield increase rates of treatments 2,3 and 4 reached 4.9%,7.2%and 8.7%in early rice,respectively,and those in late rice reached 7.7%,7.8%and 9.7%,respectively.And the cadmium contents of early rice and late rice in treatments 2,3 and 4 were significantly reduced below the safe value.Taking into account factors such as cost,yield increase rate,and heavy metal compliance rate,the recommended application rate for early and late rice is conventional fertilization+soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm^(2)+bio-organic fertilizer 1800 kg/hm^(2)+foliar control agent 6000 ml/hm^(2).展开更多
[Objectives] In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca-Si soil conditioner on heavy metal remediation in paddy fields. [Methods...[Objectives] In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca-Si soil conditioner on heavy metal remediation in paddy fields. [Methods] A conventional planting mode( CK) was used as the control,and a Ca-Si soil conditioner( Ca-Si) treatment was set to analyze the differences in soil pH and heavy metal contents in different treatments. [Results]The content of cadmium in the paddy field exceeded the soil pollution risk control value of agricultural land by 59. 33%. The Ca-Si soil conditioner increased the pH value of paddy field soil by 0. 58 unit. The fixation rates of Ca-Si soil conditioner on chromium,arsenic,cadmium and plumbum reached 75. 96%,14. 09%,18. 93% and 7. 81% compared with the CK,respectively,and the available cadmium and lead contents were reduced by 82. 35% and 80. 00%,respectively. [Conclusions]This study provides ideas and references for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil.展开更多
The cardiotoxicity caused by Dox chemotherapy represents a significant limitation to its clinical application and is a major cause of late death in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Currently,there are no effective tre...The cardiotoxicity caused by Dox chemotherapy represents a significant limitation to its clinical application and is a major cause of late death in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Currently,there are no effective treatments available.Our analysis of 295 clinical samples from 132 chemotherapy patients and 163 individuals undergoing physical examination revealed a strong positive correlation between intestinal barrier injury and the development of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy patients.We developed a novel orally available and intestinal targeting protein nanodrug by assembling membrane protein Amuc_1100(obtained from intestinal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila),fluorinated polyetherimide,and hyaluronic acid.The protein nanodrug demonstrated favorable stability against hydrolysis compared with free Amuc_1100.The in vivo results demonstrated that the protein nanodrug can alleviate Dox-induced cardiac toxicity by improving gut microbiota,increasing the proportion of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family,and further enhancing the levels of butyrate and pentanoic acids,ultimately regulating the homeostasis repair of lymphocytes in the spleen and heart.Therefore,we believe that the integrity of the intestinal barrier plays an important role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.Protective interventions targeting the intestinal barrier may hold promise as a general clinical treatment regimen for reducing Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.展开更多
To the Editor:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is a serious public health crisis threatening human health and survival worldwide.[1]Reportedly,la...To the Editor:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is a serious public health crisis threatening human health and survival worldwide.[1]Reportedly,laboratory characteristics such as C-reactive protein,lactate dehydrogenase,D-dimer,plasma cytokines,blood platelets,and leukocytes are abnormal in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections.[2,3]To enhance the protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2,vaccines have been rapidly developed and administered to healthy individuals or patients with various diseases in several countries.[4,5]However,some healthy individuals have still become infected with SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination.Changes in the clinical and laboratory indices of vaccinated patients with COVID-19 remain unknown.In the present study,we report the effects of vaccination in patients with COVID-19.展开更多
Background Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is the most predominant histological subtype of lung cancer character-ized by driver mutations detected in a substantial proportion of the cases.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)are ...Background Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is the most predominant histological subtype of lung cancer character-ized by driver mutations detected in a substantial proportion of the cases.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)are stand-ard care for the patients with these mutations.In this study,we evaluated the efficiency of an NGS-based 8-gene test in selecting TKIs-sensitive patients in a cohort of treatment-naive Chinese LUAD patients and evaluated the sensitivity of rare compound mutations to different EGFR-TKIs in vitro.Material and methods Targeted sequencing covering the hotspot regions of eight LUAD driver genes was per-formed across 853 treatment-naive LUAD patients admitted in Henan Cancer Hospital(HNCH cohort).The mutational landscape of HNCH patients was compared with TCGA patients.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with presence of these mutations.Genetically modified LUAD PC9 cells were established to evaluate the sensitivity of selected EGFR rare compound mutations to different EGFR-TKIs.Results A total of 574 single nucleotide variants(SNVs),270 indels,88 amplifications,and 87 rearrangements were identified in this study,with EGFR and KRAS being the most frequently mutated genes.Females,mostly life-long non-smokers,had significantly higher EGFR mutation rates than males.Males,primarily smokers,more frequently had KRAS mutations.HNCH patients in general had a higher mutation count than TCGA patients(1.09 vs 0.93 mutations per patient(m/p)),in consistent with its higher proportion of patients with advanced disease.Rare EGFR compound mutations identified in this study,including Exon19del plus L747S/I744V and L858R plus V843I/T854A/G873,conferred genetically modified PC9 cells more sensitive to second-generation EGFR-TKI afatinib in-vivo.Conclusion This NGS-based 8-gene test efficiently identified over 70%of Chinese treatment-naive LUAD patients who are targetable for TKIs.Patients with rare EGFR compound mutations might consider second-generation EGFR-TKIs for treatment.展开更多
基金support by the Advanced Integrated Optoelectronics Facility at Tianjin University
文摘Metasurfaces composed of two-dimensional nanopillar arrays can manipulate light fields in desirable ways and exhibit the unique advantage of beam steering.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a metasurface-based wide-angle broadband all-dielectric blazed grating with an extreme incident angle of up to 80°,which is achieved by optimizing the wide-angle phase shifts and transmissivities of the unit cells.It exhibits a maximum diffraction efficiency of 72%and a high average efficiency of 64%over a wide range of incident angles from−80° to 45° at 1.55μm.Moreover,the proposed grating has a broad bandwidth of 200 nm(1.45-1.65μm),and average efficiencies of more than 50%can be achieved experimentally over the same incidence angles.Our results may pave the way for the creation of novel and efficient flat optical devices for wavefront control.
基金Sponsored by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51421063)the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012BAA02B01-04)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Clean Coal Power Plant with Poly-generation
文摘In Oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed,the residual Ca O particles may react with high concentration of CO2 in flue gas to form bonded deposit on heat transfer surfaces in backpass when limestone is used as a sorbent to capture SO2.In this paper,experiments were designed on ash deposition in a bench-scale fluidized bed under oxy-fuel and air atmosphere. A novel ash deposit sampling probe was used to simulate the tubes of tail surfaces.The chemical composition of fly ash and ash deposit from both air-firing and oxy-fuel firing cases were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry( ICP-AES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy( SEM),respectively. The degrees of carbonation reaction of ash deposits were measured by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis. The results showed that there are distinct differences in fly ash deposition rate between oxy-fuel and air firing cases,and oxy-fuel combustion with limestone addition can affect chemical composition of fly ash and ash deposit,especially for elements of Ca,Na,K,and S. However,the carbonation reaction degree of ash deposits is found weak,which is due to the relatively low Ca O content in ash deposit or not long enough of the sampling time.
文摘In literature concerning ionic liquid (IL) applications, the commonly accepted properties of ionic liquids are frequently mentioned. For example, ionic liquids are described as possessing immeasurably low vapor pressure, being “green material”, non-coordinating, physically and chemically stable, and non-toxic, to name a few. However, all these descriptions are deemed “not exact” [1] as intensive research on ionic liquid properties continues. This review highlights the most recent developments in IL chemistry where the “well-known” description of IL properties sometimes proves to be inaccurate. However, in the authors’ opinion, all these new research developments concerning ionic liquid properties serve to update knowledge on the typical physical and chemical properties of ILs, which is significant to both theoretical research and industrial applications. This review presents an opportunity to understand IL through a more complete and accurate view. It seeks to pave the way for further studies on IL application in various fields.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(201100312100)Collaborative Innovation Project of Zhengzhou(Zhengzhou University)(18XTZX12004)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Epidemic Prevention and Control in Henan(211100310900)Postdoctoral Research Startup Project in Henan Province(202001043).
文摘Objectives To find out the association between the sensorineural hearing loss and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in hamsters and mice was detected.Design Using the public data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data,the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 at the transcriptomic,DNA,and protein levels of ACE2 in the brain,inner ear,and muscle from the golden Syrian hamsters(Mesocricetus auratus)and mice(Mus musculus)was assessed.Results We identified ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressed at different levels in the inner ear and brain at DNA and transcriptomic levels of both mice and hamsters.The protein expression from the brain and inner ear showed a similar pattern,while the expression of ACE2 from the inner ear was relatively higher than that from the muscle.Conclusion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)shows genetic potential to infect the hearing system of rodents and lead to sudden sensorineural hearing loss that can be used as a characteristic to detect asymptomatic patients of COVID-19.
文摘Background lnterleuldn-18(IL-18)plays a key role in the development,progression and outcome of coronary artery disease and its complications.However,its variability relation to the characterization of atherosclerotic plaque and percutaneous coronary intervention are still unknown.Methods Fifty four patients with coronary artery disease[22 patients with stable angina(SA)and 32 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)]were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).The stability of the plaques at the criminal vessels was assessed with analogical IVUS.Serum IL-18 levels were measured at the time points of 5 rain before PCI,and Oh,6h,24h and lmonth after PCI in all patients.Results ACS group consisted mainly of lipidic unstable plaques while SA group of fibrous stable plaques.Moreover,compared with those in SA group,eccentricity index(EI)and remodeling index(RI)were significantly higher in ACS group.Positive remodeling was seen in ACS group while negative or no remodeling in SA group.Further,serum IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in patients with ACS than those in SA group before PCI,increased at Oh,6h,24h after PCI(P<0.05)and were not significant different at 1 month after PCI from those before PCI.Conclusions There is significant difference in the composition and structural characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques between ACS and UA groups.PCI triggersd and enhances the inflammatory response in a short time.Serum levels of IL-18 are the predictors of progression of unstable plaque in atherosclerosis.Post-operative complications of PCI might be reduced by inhibiting IL-18.
基金Supported by Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner Project of Guangdong Province(GDKTP2020020800)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010851)+1 种基金Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(S202110576028X,202010576002X)Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund Project of Guangdong Province(pdjh2021b0455)。
文摘In order to explore the application effect of the comprehensive control technology of"soil conditioning-organic planting-foliar control"in the rice area of northern Guangdong,the effects of combined application of different dosages of soil conditioner,bio-organic fertilizer and foliar control agent on heavy metal contents and yields of early and late rice were investigated based on field experiments.The results showed that different treatments of early rice and late rice all increased the yield.The yield increase rates of treatments 2,3 and 4 reached 4.9%,7.2%and 8.7%in early rice,respectively,and those in late rice reached 7.7%,7.8%and 9.7%,respectively.And the cadmium contents of early rice and late rice in treatments 2,3 and 4 were significantly reduced below the safe value.Taking into account factors such as cost,yield increase rate,and heavy metal compliance rate,the recommended application rate for early and late rice is conventional fertilization+soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm^(2)+bio-organic fertilizer 1800 kg/hm^(2)+foliar control agent 6000 ml/hm^(2).
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030307075)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(135-99000206,432-99000228)+2 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Shaoguan City(2018sn038)School-level Project of Shaoguan University(SY2016KJ04)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project(Sycxcy2017-041,201810576009)。
文摘[Objectives] In order to solve the problem of heavy metal pollution in paddy fields,field experiments were carried out to study the effect of Ca-Si soil conditioner on heavy metal remediation in paddy fields. [Methods] A conventional planting mode( CK) was used as the control,and a Ca-Si soil conditioner( Ca-Si) treatment was set to analyze the differences in soil pH and heavy metal contents in different treatments. [Results]The content of cadmium in the paddy field exceeded the soil pollution risk control value of agricultural land by 59. 33%. The Ca-Si soil conditioner increased the pH value of paddy field soil by 0. 58 unit. The fixation rates of Ca-Si soil conditioner on chromium,arsenic,cadmium and plumbum reached 75. 96%,14. 09%,18. 93% and 7. 81% compared with the CK,respectively,and the available cadmium and lead contents were reduced by 82. 35% and 80. 00%,respectively. [Conclusions]This study provides ideas and references for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in paddy soil.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32100093,and 82100294)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No.232300421175)+2 种基金Medical Science and Technology Project of Henan Province (SBGJ202302032)Henan Provincial Joint Fund of Science and Technology Research and Development Program (225200810075)The Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Henan Association for Science and Technology (Grant 2024HYTP048).
文摘The cardiotoxicity caused by Dox chemotherapy represents a significant limitation to its clinical application and is a major cause of late death in patients undergoing chemotherapy.Currently,there are no effective treatments available.Our analysis of 295 clinical samples from 132 chemotherapy patients and 163 individuals undergoing physical examination revealed a strong positive correlation between intestinal barrier injury and the development of cardiotoxicity in chemotherapy patients.We developed a novel orally available and intestinal targeting protein nanodrug by assembling membrane protein Amuc_1100(obtained from intestinal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila),fluorinated polyetherimide,and hyaluronic acid.The protein nanodrug demonstrated favorable stability against hydrolysis compared with free Amuc_1100.The in vivo results demonstrated that the protein nanodrug can alleviate Dox-induced cardiac toxicity by improving gut microbiota,increasing the proportion of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family,and further enhancing the levels of butyrate and pentanoic acids,ultimately regulating the homeostasis repair of lymphocytes in the spleen and heart.Therefore,we believe that the integrity of the intestinal barrier plays an important role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.Protective interventions targeting the intestinal barrier may hold promise as a general clinical treatment regimen for reducing Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
基金supported by grants from the Emergency Prevention and Control Scientific Research Project of Henan Province(Nos.211100310700 and 211100310900)Major Public Welfare Projects in Henan Province(No.201300310400).
文摘To the Editor:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is a serious public health crisis threatening human health and survival worldwide.[1]Reportedly,laboratory characteristics such as C-reactive protein,lactate dehydrogenase,D-dimer,plasma cytokines,blood platelets,and leukocytes are abnormal in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections.[2,3]To enhance the protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2,vaccines have been rapidly developed and administered to healthy individuals or patients with various diseases in several countries.[4,5]However,some healthy individuals have still become infected with SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination.Changes in the clinical and laboratory indices of vaccinated patients with COVID-19 remain unknown.In the present study,we report the effects of vaccination in patients with COVID-19.
基金J.Li was supported by Henan Young Researcher training program(HNSWJW-2020007)supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(212102310675,201300310400).
文摘Background Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is the most predominant histological subtype of lung cancer character-ized by driver mutations detected in a substantial proportion of the cases.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)are stand-ard care for the patients with these mutations.In this study,we evaluated the efficiency of an NGS-based 8-gene test in selecting TKIs-sensitive patients in a cohort of treatment-naive Chinese LUAD patients and evaluated the sensitivity of rare compound mutations to different EGFR-TKIs in vitro.Material and methods Targeted sequencing covering the hotspot regions of eight LUAD driver genes was per-formed across 853 treatment-naive LUAD patients admitted in Henan Cancer Hospital(HNCH cohort).The mutational landscape of HNCH patients was compared with TCGA patients.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with presence of these mutations.Genetically modified LUAD PC9 cells were established to evaluate the sensitivity of selected EGFR rare compound mutations to different EGFR-TKIs.Results A total of 574 single nucleotide variants(SNVs),270 indels,88 amplifications,and 87 rearrangements were identified in this study,with EGFR and KRAS being the most frequently mutated genes.Females,mostly life-long non-smokers,had significantly higher EGFR mutation rates than males.Males,primarily smokers,more frequently had KRAS mutations.HNCH patients in general had a higher mutation count than TCGA patients(1.09 vs 0.93 mutations per patient(m/p)),in consistent with its higher proportion of patients with advanced disease.Rare EGFR compound mutations identified in this study,including Exon19del plus L747S/I744V and L858R plus V843I/T854A/G873,conferred genetically modified PC9 cells more sensitive to second-generation EGFR-TKI afatinib in-vivo.Conclusion This NGS-based 8-gene test efficiently identified over 70%of Chinese treatment-naive LUAD patients who are targetable for TKIs.Patients with rare EGFR compound mutations might consider second-generation EGFR-TKIs for treatment.
