Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases...Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.展开更多
The paper focused on the fine-grinding pretreatment of coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)from gasification settling tank in Shaanxi Yulin,China.The mechanism by which grinding promotes the flotation performance of CGFS...The paper focused on the fine-grinding pretreatment of coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)from gasification settling tank in Shaanxi Yulin,China.The mechanism by which grinding promotes the flotation performance of CGFS was explored through particle size distribution analysis,surface morphology examination,and porosity analysis.A multi-stage flotation process was employed to determine the optimal flotation regime.The experimental results demonstrated that grinding significantly reduced the overall particle size and improved the structure and composition of CGFS.After grinding,the particle size D[4,3]decreased to 47.612μm,and the average pore diameter increased by 0.1335 nm.The grinding process effectively dissociated the glassy intergrowth structures,resulting in a significant reduction in reagent consumption.With a compound collector dosage of 9 kg/t and frother dosage of 3 kg/t,the optimized flotation process—including one roughing stage and three cleaning stages—yielded a clean coal ash content of 16.96%and a tailing loss on ignition value of 2.29%,meeting the standards for Class I fly ash.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.2021YQHH08)the Xinjiang Autonomous Region Key R&D Program(grant No.2024B03031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52104281).
文摘The paper focused on the fine-grinding pretreatment of coal gasification fine slag(CGFS)from gasification settling tank in Shaanxi Yulin,China.The mechanism by which grinding promotes the flotation performance of CGFS was explored through particle size distribution analysis,surface morphology examination,and porosity analysis.A multi-stage flotation process was employed to determine the optimal flotation regime.The experimental results demonstrated that grinding significantly reduced the overall particle size and improved the structure and composition of CGFS.After grinding,the particle size D[4,3]decreased to 47.612μm,and the average pore diameter increased by 0.1335 nm.The grinding process effectively dissociated the glassy intergrowth structures,resulting in a significant reduction in reagent consumption.With a compound collector dosage of 9 kg/t and frother dosage of 3 kg/t,the optimized flotation process—including one roughing stage and three cleaning stages—yielded a clean coal ash content of 16.96%and a tailing loss on ignition value of 2.29%,meeting the standards for Class I fly ash.
