The advancement in material science and engineering technology has led to the development of antifouling(AF) coatings which are cheaper, durable, less toxic, and safe to the environment. The use of AF coatings contain...The advancement in material science and engineering technology has led to the development of antifouling(AF) coatings which are cheaper, durable, less toxic, and safe to the environment. The use of AF coatings containing tributyltin compounds was prohibited at the beginning of 2003, this necessitated the development of environmentally friendly coatings. The fouling release coating(FRC) lacks biocides and has low surface energy, low elastic modulus with smooth surface properties, hence a better release effect to fouling organisms. Several functional coatings have been recently developed based on fouling release(FR) technology to combat the effects of biofouling. Here, we provide a brief overview of innovative technologies and recent developments based on FRCs, including silicone, modified fluorinated polymer,cross-linked coatings, amphiphilic copolymer coating, hydrogel coatings, and biomimetic coatings. We also highlight the key issues and shortcomings of innovative technologies based on FRCs. This may give new insights into the future development of marine AF coatings.展开更多
Based on PSR model,it built an indicator evaluation system for land use conflicts of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in 2003- 2011.Then,it made an analysis of driving forces of land use conflicts using principal components a...Based on PSR model,it built an indicator evaluation system for land use conflicts of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in 2003- 2011.Then,it made an analysis of driving forces of land use conflicts using principal components analysis( PCA) method. Results indicate that land use conflicts take on increasing trend and the trend becomes more apparent since 2009,and Nanning has the highest conflict index; driving forces of land use conflicts mainly include population,social and economic development,agricultural input,ecological protection,and land use policies.展开更多
文摘The advancement in material science and engineering technology has led to the development of antifouling(AF) coatings which are cheaper, durable, less toxic, and safe to the environment. The use of AF coatings containing tributyltin compounds was prohibited at the beginning of 2003, this necessitated the development of environmentally friendly coatings. The fouling release coating(FRC) lacks biocides and has low surface energy, low elastic modulus with smooth surface properties, hence a better release effect to fouling organisms. Several functional coatings have been recently developed based on fouling release(FR) technology to combat the effects of biofouling. Here, we provide a brief overview of innovative technologies and recent developments based on FRCs, including silicone, modified fluorinated polymer,cross-linked coatings, amphiphilic copolymer coating, hydrogel coatings, and biomimetic coatings. We also highlight the key issues and shortcomings of innovative technologies based on FRCs. This may give new insights into the future development of marine AF coatings.
基金Supported by the Fund Project of Guangxi University of Finance and Economics(2013B055)
文摘Based on PSR model,it built an indicator evaluation system for land use conflicts of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone in 2003- 2011.Then,it made an analysis of driving forces of land use conflicts using principal components analysis( PCA) method. Results indicate that land use conflicts take on increasing trend and the trend becomes more apparent since 2009,and Nanning has the highest conflict index; driving forces of land use conflicts mainly include population,social and economic development,agricultural input,ecological protection,and land use policies.
