The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural re...The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural reservoir.In this study,the nucleic acid of PEDV was detected in rat fecal samples collected from pig farms.Further animal tests showed that PEDV can cause systemic infections in neonatal mice and rats via intracranial inoculation.The brain,lung,intestine and spleen were all targets for PEDV in rodents in contrast to the intestine being targeted in pigs.Morbidity and mortality vary via different infection routes.PEDV was also detectable in feces after infection,suggesting that the infected rodents were potential infectious sources.Moreover,the cerebral tropism of PEDV was verified in piglets via orally inoculation,which had not been identified before.In conclusion,our findings demonstrate that PEDV could cross the species barrier to infect mice and rats through different routes in experimental settings.Although it is highly devastating to piglets,PEDV changes the target organs and turns to be milder when meeting with new hosts.Based on these findings,more attention should be paid to the potential cross-species infection of PEDV.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF)is a highly pathogenic swine infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar,which is caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV).ASF has caused huge economic losses to the pig in...African swine fever(ASF)is a highly pathogenic swine infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar,which is caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV).ASF has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry and seriously threatens global food security and livestock health.To date,there is no safe and effective commercial vaccine against ASF.Unveiling the underlying mechanisms of ASFV-host interplay is critical for developing effective vaccines and drugs against ASFV.In the present study,RNA-sequencing,RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis revealed that the transcriptional and protein levels of the host factor FoxJ1 were significantly down-regulated in primary porcine alveolar macrophages(PAMs)infected by ASFV.RT-qPCR analysis showed that overexpression of FoxJ1 upregulated the transcription of type I interferon and interferon stimulating genes(ISGs)induced by poly(dA:dT).FoxJ1 revealed a function to positively regulate innate immune response,therefore,suppressing the replication of ASFV.In addition,Western blotting analysis indicated that FoxJ1 degraded ASFV MGF505-2R and E165R proteins through autophagy pathway.Meanwhile,RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that ASFV S273R inhibited the expression of FoxJ1.Altogether,we determined that FoxJ1 plays an antiviral role against ASFV replication,and ASFV protein impairs FoxJ1-mediated antiviral effect by degradation of FoxJ1.Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral function of FoxJ1,which might help design antiviral drugs or vaccines against ASFV infection.展开更多
Based on survey data from 832 maize growers of four major maize production regions in China,on-farm maize losses were assessed and the effects of Internet access to agricultural information on the losses were evaluate...Based on survey data from 832 maize growers of four major maize production regions in China,on-farm maize losses were assessed and the effects of Internet access to agricultural information on the losses were evaluated.The results showed that on average 4.5%,4.0%and 3.7%of maize was lost in the harvest,drying and storage stages,respectively.This indicated that at the farm level,19 Mt of maize is lost annually in China,and these losses have considerable economic,resource and environmental impacts.Additionally,Internet-based access to agricultural information was found to be positively related to reduced maize losses.Compared with farmers who do not access agricultural information from the Internet,farmers with Internet-based access to agricultural information experienced 3.2%,1.5%and 3.6%lower losses in the maize harvest,drying,and storage stages,respectively.Therefore,enhancing farmers access to agricultural information could increase the maize supply by 7.89 Mt and enhance the utilization of 1.02 Mha of farmland.Additionally,0.39 Mt of fertilizer could be saved,and the carbon emission and water usage could be reduced.It is recommended that the government accelerate the removal of barriers to farmers using the Internet to access agricultural information.展开更多
基于移动互联网浏览器实现地铁站逃生模拟训练是一种高效率的火灾逃生训练方式.然而,由于地铁站规模庞大且火灾情景复杂,在线逃生路径规划仿真平台模型因数据规模大,其在基于有限网络带宽传输以及渲染能力较弱的浏览器上运行时,速度将...基于移动互联网浏览器实现地铁站逃生模拟训练是一种高效率的火灾逃生训练方式.然而,由于地铁站规模庞大且火灾情景复杂,在线逃生路径规划仿真平台模型因数据规模大,其在基于有限网络带宽传输以及渲染能力较弱的浏览器上运行时,速度将非常缓慢甚至无法运行.为解决此问题,本文针对轻量级Web3D地铁火灾逃生路径在线规划平台实时在线关键技术进行了研究.首先,针对大规模地铁站BIM静态场景数据,通过语义和体素化成分检验的轻量化方法对其进行了轻量化处理.同时,针对大规模虚拟化身的在线渲染,基于数据拆分并灵活组合思想,通过对虚拟化身的几何体信息和虚拟化身的动画数据进行数据管理,实现了大规模虚拟化身在线渲染的轻量化处理,进而实现了轻量级人群可视化;其次,针对动态烟气数据,提出了基于烟气冗余消除和归一化的轻量化处理方法,并基于精灵纹理粒子系统构建了轻量级烟气场景,实现了轻量级烟气可视化;最后,基于上述一系列轻量化处理的Web3D地铁场景中的逃生路径规划问题研究,本文提出了基于虚拟足迹聚类的蚁群优化算法eAACO (evacuation based on adaptive ant colony optimization),该算法通过VR设备获取真实人群逃生路径,实现对路径数据筛选和聚类以形成骨干路径,并与蚁群算法(ACO,ant colony optimization)相结合,设计了逃生路径规划的最优方案.实验表明,上述关键技术的实现较好解决了大规模地铁站火灾逃生路径规划Web3D模拟平台的实时在线处理问题.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Research Innovation Group Project of Gansu Province(No.25JRRA434)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20522).
文摘The cross-species infection of coronaviruses has resulted in several major epidemics since 2003.Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is a devastating swine enteric coronavirus,which targets pigs as the only natural reservoir.In this study,the nucleic acid of PEDV was detected in rat fecal samples collected from pig farms.Further animal tests showed that PEDV can cause systemic infections in neonatal mice and rats via intracranial inoculation.The brain,lung,intestine and spleen were all targets for PEDV in rodents in contrast to the intestine being targeted in pigs.Morbidity and mortality vary via different infection routes.PEDV was also detectable in feces after infection,suggesting that the infected rodents were potential infectious sources.Moreover,the cerebral tropism of PEDV was verified in piglets via orally inoculation,which had not been identified before.In conclusion,our findings demonstrate that PEDV could cross the species barrier to infect mice and rats through different routes in experimental settings.Although it is highly devastating to piglets,PEDV changes the target organs and turns to be milder when meeting with new hosts.Based on these findings,more attention should be paid to the potential cross-species infection of PEDV.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1800100 and 2021YFD1801300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31941002)+2 种基金Technology Major Project of Gansu Province(20ZD7A006,21ZD3NA001 and NCC0006)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project(CAAS-ZDRW202006 and CAAS-ASTIP-2022-LVRI)the Research funding from Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute(CAASASTIP-JBGS-20210101)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF)is a highly pathogenic swine infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar,which is caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV).ASF has caused huge economic losses to the pig industry and seriously threatens global food security and livestock health.To date,there is no safe and effective commercial vaccine against ASF.Unveiling the underlying mechanisms of ASFV-host interplay is critical for developing effective vaccines and drugs against ASFV.In the present study,RNA-sequencing,RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis revealed that the transcriptional and protein levels of the host factor FoxJ1 were significantly down-regulated in primary porcine alveolar macrophages(PAMs)infected by ASFV.RT-qPCR analysis showed that overexpression of FoxJ1 upregulated the transcription of type I interferon and interferon stimulating genes(ISGs)induced by poly(dA:dT).FoxJ1 revealed a function to positively regulate innate immune response,therefore,suppressing the replication of ASFV.In addition,Western blotting analysis indicated that FoxJ1 degraded ASFV MGF505-2R and E165R proteins through autophagy pathway.Meanwhile,RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that ASFV S273R inhibited the expression of FoxJ1.Altogether,we determined that FoxJ1 plays an antiviral role against ASFV replication,and ASFV protein impairs FoxJ1-mediated antiviral effect by degradation of FoxJ1.Our findings provide new insights into the antiviral function of FoxJ1,which might help design antiviral drugs or vaccines against ASFV infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72241009,72241010,and 72403236)the National Social Science Foundation of China(22&ZD087)the Major Projects on Philosophy and Social Sciences of The Ministry of Education of China(23JZD023).
文摘Based on survey data from 832 maize growers of four major maize production regions in China,on-farm maize losses were assessed and the effects of Internet access to agricultural information on the losses were evaluated.The results showed that on average 4.5%,4.0%and 3.7%of maize was lost in the harvest,drying and storage stages,respectively.This indicated that at the farm level,19 Mt of maize is lost annually in China,and these losses have considerable economic,resource and environmental impacts.Additionally,Internet-based access to agricultural information was found to be positively related to reduced maize losses.Compared with farmers who do not access agricultural information from the Internet,farmers with Internet-based access to agricultural information experienced 3.2%,1.5%and 3.6%lower losses in the maize harvest,drying,and storage stages,respectively.Therefore,enhancing farmers access to agricultural information could increase the maize supply by 7.89 Mt and enhance the utilization of 1.02 Mha of farmland.Additionally,0.39 Mt of fertilizer could be saved,and the carbon emission and water usage could be reduced.It is recommended that the government accelerate the removal of barriers to farmers using the Internet to access agricultural information.
文摘基于移动互联网浏览器实现地铁站逃生模拟训练是一种高效率的火灾逃生训练方式.然而,由于地铁站规模庞大且火灾情景复杂,在线逃生路径规划仿真平台模型因数据规模大,其在基于有限网络带宽传输以及渲染能力较弱的浏览器上运行时,速度将非常缓慢甚至无法运行.为解决此问题,本文针对轻量级Web3D地铁火灾逃生路径在线规划平台实时在线关键技术进行了研究.首先,针对大规模地铁站BIM静态场景数据,通过语义和体素化成分检验的轻量化方法对其进行了轻量化处理.同时,针对大规模虚拟化身的在线渲染,基于数据拆分并灵活组合思想,通过对虚拟化身的几何体信息和虚拟化身的动画数据进行数据管理,实现了大规模虚拟化身在线渲染的轻量化处理,进而实现了轻量级人群可视化;其次,针对动态烟气数据,提出了基于烟气冗余消除和归一化的轻量化处理方法,并基于精灵纹理粒子系统构建了轻量级烟气场景,实现了轻量级烟气可视化;最后,基于上述一系列轻量化处理的Web3D地铁场景中的逃生路径规划问题研究,本文提出了基于虚拟足迹聚类的蚁群优化算法eAACO (evacuation based on adaptive ant colony optimization),该算法通过VR设备获取真实人群逃生路径,实现对路径数据筛选和聚类以形成骨干路径,并与蚁群算法(ACO,ant colony optimization)相结合,设计了逃生路径规划的最优方案.实验表明,上述关键技术的实现较好解决了大规模地铁站火灾逃生路径规划Web3D模拟平台的实时在线处理问题.
