To understand the roles of charcoal and ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF)on tree growth,which relates to the rehabilitation of forest ecosystems after forest fires,two experiments were set up in this study,the first was to ...To understand the roles of charcoal and ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF)on tree growth,which relates to the rehabilitation of forest ecosystems after forest fires,two experiments were set up in this study,the first was to determine the correct amount of charcoal for Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi Sarg.)seedling growth by applying oak charcoal to basic soil medium at ratios of 1:1,1:2,1:4 and 1:8 by volume.The second experiment investigated the combined effects of four types of charcoal:derived from oak wood,husks of buckwheat,rice and activated charcoal of larch wood,and two types of ECMF:Pt(Pisolithus tinctorius Pers.)and Ec(Pt+Rhizopogon spp.+Laccaria spp.+Scleroderma spp.)on the growth of Japanese larch seedlings.Our results show that growth was significantly stressed by large amounts charcoal applications.There were significant variations among the four types of charcoal on growth.We concluded that the addition of charcoal was the critical factor that influenced larch growth and ECMF formation.Rice charcoal and Ec stimulates the growth and nitrogen uptake of Japanese larch seedlings,thus the most suitable fungus and charcoal for practices is Ec-rice charcoal(1:8 charcoal to basic soil).展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition is a strong predictor of prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHD). We previously proposed a new and simple protein-energy wasting (PEW) score that appe...<strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition is a strong predictor of prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHD). We previously proposed a new and simple protein-energy wasting (PEW) score that appears to be useful for assessing the risk of mortality in patients on MHD. <strong>Objectives: </strong>In the present study, we evaluated the reliability of this PEW score as a predictor of hospitalization in Japanese patients on MHD. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this single-center, prospective cohort study conducted in Japan, PEW score was calculated for 180 MHD patients. PEW score ranged from 0 (best: S1) to 4 (worst: S4) and was calculated based on nutritional indicators including serum albumin, body mass index, serum creatinine level, and protein intake. The outcome was the number of hospitalizations during the 2-year study period. <strong>Results:</strong> Thirty-six patients were hospitalized during the study period. Kaplan-Meier curves showed there were fewer hospitalizations in the group with a PEW score of 0/1 than in the group with a score of 3/4. Multivariate analysis revealed a hazard ratio for hospitalization of 3.109 for S3/4 versus S0, 2.777 for S3/4 versus S1, and 2.048 for S3/4 versus S2.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The new and simple PEW score is a useful predictor of hospitalization in MHD patients and is also useful for identifying subgroups of MHD patients with a high risk of mortality.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of patients with decreased cognitive function undergoing treatment for acute exacerbation phase of chronic heart failure as a basic survey with a view to the...The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of patients with decreased cognitive function undergoing treatment for acute exacerbation phase of chronic heart failure as a basic survey with a view to the standardization of nursing to prevent discontinuation of treatment of patients with declining cognitive function in the acute exacerbation phase of chronic heart failure. As the first stage of the research, using the interview guide created based on the background of discontinuation of treatment and symptomatic monitoring from 33 target literature sources, seven certified chronic heart failure nurses and 15 certified dementia nurses were given semi-structured interviews. Data obtained from the interviews was analyzed by qualitative induction. As a result, we obtained opinions/views on 8 situations namely, “cognitive function at hospitalization”, “characteristics at hospitalization, “characteristics when receiving examinations, procedures or treatment”, “characteristics of course of treatment”, “characteristics related to difficulties in grasping the symptoms of chronic heart failure and indices of deterioration”, “characteristics when using diuretics”, “characteristics concerning compliance with dietary restrictions” and “support required for discharge from hospital” concerning patients with declining cognitive function. In the future, it is necessary to prepare nursing protocols incorporating these contents for standardization of nursing.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022 YFF 1303201)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘To understand the roles of charcoal and ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF)on tree growth,which relates to the rehabilitation of forest ecosystems after forest fires,two experiments were set up in this study,the first was to determine the correct amount of charcoal for Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi Sarg.)seedling growth by applying oak charcoal to basic soil medium at ratios of 1:1,1:2,1:4 and 1:8 by volume.The second experiment investigated the combined effects of four types of charcoal:derived from oak wood,husks of buckwheat,rice and activated charcoal of larch wood,and two types of ECMF:Pt(Pisolithus tinctorius Pers.)and Ec(Pt+Rhizopogon spp.+Laccaria spp.+Scleroderma spp.)on the growth of Japanese larch seedlings.Our results show that growth was significantly stressed by large amounts charcoal applications.There were significant variations among the four types of charcoal on growth.We concluded that the addition of charcoal was the critical factor that influenced larch growth and ECMF formation.Rice charcoal and Ec stimulates the growth and nitrogen uptake of Japanese larch seedlings,thus the most suitable fungus and charcoal for practices is Ec-rice charcoal(1:8 charcoal to basic soil).
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Malnutrition is a strong predictor of prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients (MHD). We previously proposed a new and simple protein-energy wasting (PEW) score that appears to be useful for assessing the risk of mortality in patients on MHD. <strong>Objectives: </strong>In the present study, we evaluated the reliability of this PEW score as a predictor of hospitalization in Japanese patients on MHD. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this single-center, prospective cohort study conducted in Japan, PEW score was calculated for 180 MHD patients. PEW score ranged from 0 (best: S1) to 4 (worst: S4) and was calculated based on nutritional indicators including serum albumin, body mass index, serum creatinine level, and protein intake. The outcome was the number of hospitalizations during the 2-year study period. <strong>Results:</strong> Thirty-six patients were hospitalized during the study period. Kaplan-Meier curves showed there were fewer hospitalizations in the group with a PEW score of 0/1 than in the group with a score of 3/4. Multivariate analysis revealed a hazard ratio for hospitalization of 3.109 for S3/4 versus S0, 2.777 for S3/4 versus S1, and 2.048 for S3/4 versus S2.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> The new and simple PEW score is a useful predictor of hospitalization in MHD patients and is also useful for identifying subgroups of MHD patients with a high risk of mortality.
文摘The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of patients with decreased cognitive function undergoing treatment for acute exacerbation phase of chronic heart failure as a basic survey with a view to the standardization of nursing to prevent discontinuation of treatment of patients with declining cognitive function in the acute exacerbation phase of chronic heart failure. As the first stage of the research, using the interview guide created based on the background of discontinuation of treatment and symptomatic monitoring from 33 target literature sources, seven certified chronic heart failure nurses and 15 certified dementia nurses were given semi-structured interviews. Data obtained from the interviews was analyzed by qualitative induction. As a result, we obtained opinions/views on 8 situations namely, “cognitive function at hospitalization”, “characteristics at hospitalization, “characteristics when receiving examinations, procedures or treatment”, “characteristics of course of treatment”, “characteristics related to difficulties in grasping the symptoms of chronic heart failure and indices of deterioration”, “characteristics when using diuretics”, “characteristics concerning compliance with dietary restrictions” and “support required for discharge from hospital” concerning patients with declining cognitive function. In the future, it is necessary to prepare nursing protocols incorporating these contents for standardization of nursing.
