Objective:To investigate the potential protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(STDP)on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms in improving endothelial cell function in coronary microvas...Objective:To investigate the potential protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(STDP)on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms in improving endothelial cell function in coronary microvascular disease(CMVD).Methods:A rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with CMVD was established using ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending artery.The effect of STDP(21.6 mg/kg)on cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography,hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Evans blue staining.The effects of STDP on the microvascular endothelial barrier were assessed based on nitric oxide production,endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression,structural variety of tight junctions(TJs),and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-5,occludin,and vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin proteins.The mechanisms of STDP(50 and 100 ng/mL)were evaluated by examining the expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),Ras Homolog family member A(RhoA),and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase(ROCK)proteins and the distribution of ZO-1,VE-cadherin,and Factin proteins in an oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model.Results:The administration of STDP on CMVD rat model significantly improved cardiac and microvascular endothelial cell barrier functions(all P<.05).STDP enhanced the structural integrity of coronary microvascular positioning and distribution by clarifying and completing TJs and increasing the expression of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5,and VE-cadherin in vivo(all P<.05).The S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited by STDP in vitro,leading to the regulation of endothelial cell TJs,adhesion junctions,and cytoskeletal morphology.Conclusion:STDP showed protective effects on cardiac impairment and microvascular endothelial barrier injury in CMVD model rats induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the modulation of the S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the ...Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the pharmacological effects of the total oligosaccharides,polysaccharides,and phenylethanoid glycosides(CPhGs)extracted from C.tubulosa.Methods: Models of sleep deprivation and forced swimming fatigue were established to simulate central and exercise-induced fatigue.The mice were treated with different extracts of C.tubulosa,and their effects were assessed using behavioral tests to measure exercise capacity,learning,and memory function.Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the changes in serum and brain neurotransmitter levels,liver and muscle glycogen storage,and various fatigue-related biomarkers.Results: This study found that treatment with C.tubulosa extract improved exercise capacity,learning,and memory in mice.Total oligosaccharides from C.tubulosa enhanced adrenocorticotropic hormone,cholinesterase,and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels,reduced cortisol levels in central fatigue models,and ameliorated biochemical markers of exercise-induced fatigue,including lowering lactic acid,blood urea nitrogen,and malondialdehyde levels.Among the tested extracts,the total oligosaccharides showed the most comprehensive anti-fatigue effects.Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of C.tubulosa,particularly those of its total oligosaccharides,are pronounced in both central and exercise-induced fatigue.These effects are mediated by the regulation of neurotransmitter levels,enhancement of glycogen storage,and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in fatigue-related conditions.展开更多
DNA circuits are powerful tools in various applications such as logical computation,molecular diagnosis and synthetic biology.Leakage is a major problem in constructing complex DNA circuits.It directly affects the out...DNA circuits are powerful tools in various applications such as logical computation,molecular diagnosis and synthetic biology.Leakage is a major problem in constructing complex DNA circuits.It directly affects the output signal and harms the circuit’s performance significantly.In the traditional DNA circuits,the gate complex is a duplex structure.There are insufficient energy barriers to prevent spontaneous detachment of strands,resulting in a leak prone.Herein,we have developed triplex-structure based DNA circuit with ultra-low leakage and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The triplex structure improves the stability in the absence of input.At the same time,the driving force of the strand displacement cascades reduces the influence of the triplex structure on the desired reaction.The SNR of the DNA circuit was increased to 695,while the desired reaction rate remained 90%of the conventional translator circuit.The triplex-structure mediated leakage prevention strategy was further tested at different temperatures and in DNA translator and seesaw circuits.We also constructed modular basic logic gates with a high efficiency and low leakage.On this basis,we further constructed triplex-structure based tertiary DNA logic circuits,and the SNR reached 295,which,to the best of our knowledge,was among the highest of the field.We believe that our scheme provides a novel,valid,and general tool for reducing leakages,and we anticipate that it will be widely adopted in DNA nanotechnology.展开更多
We report on a compact passive mode-locked Er:fiber ring laser operated at the fundamental repetition rate of 517 MHz, which we believe is the highest fundamental repetition rate ever reported in a ring cavity fiber l...We report on a compact passive mode-locked Er:fiber ring laser operated at the fundamental repetition rate of 517 MHz, which we believe is the highest fundamental repetition rate ever reported in a ring cavity fiber laser.The key technique is the employment of two innovative high-power wavelength domain multiplexer collimators with all gain fiber cavity suited for the high power(up to 2 W) pumping. The laser is featured with a direct chirpfree output pulse, which is 97 fs without extracavity compression at an average output power of 90 mW.展开更多
We report femtosecond pulse generation in an amplifier similariton oscillator and a prechirped fiber amplifier system. The final output power is 1.4W, and the fundamental repetition rate is 19.1 MHz after a single sta...We report femtosecond pulse generation in an amplifier similariton oscillator and a prechirped fiber amplifier system. The final output power is 1.4W, and the fundamental repetition rate is 19.1 MHz after a single state fiber amplifier. The pulsewidth is 109 fs.展开更多
Although lithium batteries have been successfully commercialized in the past two decades,they are particularly sensitive to ultralow temperatures.For most batteries,capacities and powers are lost at sub-zero temperatu...Although lithium batteries have been successfully commercialized in the past two decades,they are particularly sensitive to ultralow temperatures.For most batteries,capacities and powers are lost at sub-zero temperatures,mainly due to the increased electrolyte viscosity,insufficient ionic conduction,slow charge-transfer kinetics,and reduced ion diffusing constant.In this review,we sorted out the critical factors leading to the poor low-temperature performance of electrolytes,and the comprehensive research progress of emerging electrolyte systems for the ultra-low temperature lithium battery is classified and highlighted.We further provide a systematic summary of the advanced characterization and computational simulation for low-temperature electrolyte systems to guide researchers in screening the low-temperature electrolytes,monitoring solvation/desolvation behavior,and investigating reaction mechanisms.Besides their fundamental significance,our review might also forge a new opportunity and prospects in the effective design of electrolytes for the ultralow temperature application of energy storage devices.展开更多
Twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)exhibits fascinating correlation-driven phenomena like the superconductivity and Mott insulating state,with flat bands and a chiral lattice structure.We find by quantum-transport calculati...Twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)exhibits fascinating correlation-driven phenomena like the superconductivity and Mott insulating state,with flat bands and a chiral lattice structure.We find by quantum-transport calculations that the chirality leads to a giant unidirectional magnetoresistance(UMR)in TBG,where the unidirectionality refers to the resistance change under the reversal of the direction of current or magnetic field.We point out that flat bands significantly enhance this effect.The UMR increases quickly upon reducing the twist angle,and reaches about 20%for an angle of 1.5in a 10 T in-plane magnetic field.We propose the band structure topology(asymmetry),which leads to a direction-sensitive mean free path,as a useful way to anticipate the UMR effect.The UMR provides a probe for chirality and band flatness in the twisted bilayers.展开更多
The importance of topological spin textures(TSTs), such as skyrmions, merons, hopfions, etc., is due to their static and dynamic properties [1]. They carry a topological number that characterizes the homotopy group Π...The importance of topological spin textures(TSTs), such as skyrmions, merons, hopfions, etc., is due to their static and dynamic properties [1]. They carry a topological number that characterizes the homotopy group Π_(n)(S^(2))(n ∈ Z) and classifies maps from S^(n) to S^(2)(e.g., the skyrmion winding number corresponds to Π_(2)(S^(2))).展开更多
We firstly report a 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor based on two pieces of normal dispersion fiber(NDF),which enables a high-power scaling ability of watt-level and a high pulse compression ratio of 13.7.Wi...We firstly report a 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor based on two pieces of normal dispersion fiber(NDF),which enables a high-power scaling ability of watt-level and a high pulse compression ratio of 13.7.With the NDFbased all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor,the 450-fs laser pulses with a repetition rate of 101.4 MHz are compressed to 35.1 fs,corresponding to a 5.2 optical oscillation cycle at the 2-μm wavelength region.The output average power reaches 1.28 W,which is believed to be the highest value never achieved from the previous 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressors with a high pulse repetition rate above 100 MHz.The dynamic evolution of the ultrafast pulse inside the all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor is numerically analyzed,matching well with the experimental results.展开更多
Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these processes.In this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging...Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these processes.In this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring measurements.An interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and tested.Two reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol tautomerization.The spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction completion.In the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.展开更多
Efcient control of phonons is crucial to energy-information technology,but limited by the lacking of tunable degrees of freedom like charge or spin.Here we suggest to utilize crystalline symmetry-protected pseudospins...Efcient control of phonons is crucial to energy-information technology,but limited by the lacking of tunable degrees of freedom like charge or spin.Here we suggest to utilize crystalline symmetry-protected pseudospins as new quantum degrees of freedom to manipulate phonons.Remarkably,we reveal a duality between phonon pseudospins and electron spins by presenting Kramerslike degeneracy and pseudospin counterparts of spin-orbit coupling,which lays the foundation for“pseudospin phononics”.Furthermore,we report two types of three-dimensional phononic topological insulators,which give topologically protected,gapless surface states with linear and quadratic band degeneracies,respectively.Tese topological surface states display unconventional phonon transport behaviors attributed to the unique pseudospin-momentum locking,which are useful for phononic circuits,transistors,antennas,etc.Te emerging pseudospin physics ofers new opportunities to develop future phononics.展开更多
基金supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930113).
文摘Objective:To investigate the potential protective effect of Shexiang Tongxin dropping pills(STDP)on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms in improving endothelial cell function in coronary microvascular disease(CMVD).Methods:A rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury with CMVD was established using ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending artery.The effect of STDP(21.6 mg/kg)on cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography,hematoxylin-eosin staining,and Evans blue staining.The effects of STDP on the microvascular endothelial barrier were assessed based on nitric oxide production,endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression,structural variety of tight junctions(TJs),and the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),claudin-5,occludin,and vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin proteins.The mechanisms of STDP(50 and 100 ng/mL)were evaluated by examining the expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),Ras Homolog family member A(RhoA),and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase(ROCK)proteins and the distribution of ZO-1,VE-cadherin,and Factin proteins in an oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model.Results:The administration of STDP on CMVD rat model significantly improved cardiac and microvascular endothelial cell barrier functions(all P<.05).STDP enhanced the structural integrity of coronary microvascular positioning and distribution by clarifying and completing TJs and increasing the expression of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5,and VE-cadherin in vivo(all P<.05).The S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway was inhibited by STDP in vitro,leading to the regulation of endothelial cell TJs,adhesion junctions,and cytoskeletal morphology.Conclusion:STDP showed protective effects on cardiac impairment and microvascular endothelial barrier injury in CMVD model rats induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the modulation of the S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK pathway.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1702400).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of different extracts from Cistanche tubulosa(Schenk)Wight(C.tubulosa,Rou Cong Rong),focusing on central and exercise-induced fatigue in mice.This study investigated the pharmacological effects of the total oligosaccharides,polysaccharides,and phenylethanoid glycosides(CPhGs)extracted from C.tubulosa.Methods: Models of sleep deprivation and forced swimming fatigue were established to simulate central and exercise-induced fatigue.The mice were treated with different extracts of C.tubulosa,and their effects were assessed using behavioral tests to measure exercise capacity,learning,and memory function.Biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the changes in serum and brain neurotransmitter levels,liver and muscle glycogen storage,and various fatigue-related biomarkers.Results: This study found that treatment with C.tubulosa extract improved exercise capacity,learning,and memory in mice.Total oligosaccharides from C.tubulosa enhanced adrenocorticotropic hormone,cholinesterase,and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels,reduced cortisol levels in central fatigue models,and ameliorated biochemical markers of exercise-induced fatigue,including lowering lactic acid,blood urea nitrogen,and malondialdehyde levels.Among the tested extracts,the total oligosaccharides showed the most comprehensive anti-fatigue effects.Conclusion: The anti-fatigue effects of C.tubulosa,particularly those of its total oligosaccharides,are pronounced in both central and exercise-induced fatigue.These effects are mediated by the regulation of neurotransmitter levels,enhancement of glycogen storage,and improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,suggesting potential therapeutic benefits in fatigue-related conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871732)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2701402)+4 种基金the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics,southeast University(No.Sklb2021-k06)the Open Foundation of NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention(Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital)(No.KF2020007)the Open Foundation of Translational Medicine National Science and Technology Infrastructure(Shanghai)(No.TMSK-2021-141)the Open Fund from Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology(Shanxi Medical University)Ministry of Education,China(No.CPOF202103).
文摘DNA circuits are powerful tools in various applications such as logical computation,molecular diagnosis and synthetic biology.Leakage is a major problem in constructing complex DNA circuits.It directly affects the output signal and harms the circuit’s performance significantly.In the traditional DNA circuits,the gate complex is a duplex structure.There are insufficient energy barriers to prevent spontaneous detachment of strands,resulting in a leak prone.Herein,we have developed triplex-structure based DNA circuit with ultra-low leakage and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).The triplex structure improves the stability in the absence of input.At the same time,the driving force of the strand displacement cascades reduces the influence of the triplex structure on the desired reaction.The SNR of the DNA circuit was increased to 695,while the desired reaction rate remained 90%of the conventional translator circuit.The triplex-structure mediated leakage prevention strategy was further tested at different temperatures and in DNA translator and seesaw circuits.We also constructed modular basic logic gates with a high efficiency and low leakage.On this basis,we further constructed triplex-structure based tertiary DNA logic circuits,and the SNR reached 295,which,to the best of our knowledge,was among the highest of the field.We believe that our scheme provides a novel,valid,and general tool for reducing leakages,and we anticipate that it will be widely adopted in DNA nanotechnology.
基金supported by the Major National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB922401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60927010, 10974006, and 11027404)
文摘We report on a compact passive mode-locked Er:fiber ring laser operated at the fundamental repetition rate of 517 MHz, which we believe is the highest fundamental repetition rate ever reported in a ring cavity fiber laser.The key technique is the employment of two innovative high-power wavelength domain multiplexer collimators with all gain fiber cavity suited for the high power(up to 2 W) pumping. The laser is featured with a direct chirpfree output pulse, which is 97 fs without extracavity compression at an average output power of 90 mW.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology Support Program (2012BAI08B05)the international cooperation program (2011DFA33130)
文摘We report femtosecond pulse generation in an amplifier similariton oscillator and a prechirped fiber amplifier system. The final output power is 1.4W, and the fundamental repetition rate is 19.1 MHz after a single state fiber amplifier. The pulsewidth is 109 fs.
文摘Although lithium batteries have been successfully commercialized in the past two decades,they are particularly sensitive to ultralow temperatures.For most batteries,capacities and powers are lost at sub-zero temperatures,mainly due to the increased electrolyte viscosity,insufficient ionic conduction,slow charge-transfer kinetics,and reduced ion diffusing constant.In this review,we sorted out the critical factors leading to the poor low-temperature performance of electrolytes,and the comprehensive research progress of emerging electrolyte systems for the ultra-low temperature lithium battery is classified and highlighted.We further provide a systematic summary of the advanced characterization and computational simulation for low-temperature electrolyte systems to guide researchers in screening the low-temperature electrolytes,monitoring solvation/desolvation behavior,and investigating reaction mechanisms.Besides their fundamental significance,our review might also forge a new opportunity and prospects in the effective design of electrolytes for the ultralow temperature application of energy storage devices.
基金We thank the inspiring discussions with Yuval Oreg,Jiewen Xiao,Shahal Ilani,and Eli Zeldov.B.Y.acknowledges the financial support by the Willner Family Leadership Institute for the Weizmann Institute of Science,the Benoziyo Endowment Fund for the Advancement of Science,Ruth and Herman Albert Scholars Program for New Scientists,the European Research Council(ERC Consolidator Grant No.815869,“NonlinearTopo”).
文摘Twisted bilayer graphene(TBG)exhibits fascinating correlation-driven phenomena like the superconductivity and Mott insulating state,with flat bands and a chiral lattice structure.We find by quantum-transport calculations that the chirality leads to a giant unidirectional magnetoresistance(UMR)in TBG,where the unidirectionality refers to the resistance change under the reversal of the direction of current or magnetic field.We point out that flat bands significantly enhance this effect.The UMR increases quickly upon reducing the twist angle,and reaches about 20%for an angle of 1.5in a 10 T in-plane magnetic field.We propose the band structure topology(asymmetry),which leads to a direction-sensitive mean free path,as a useful way to anticipate the UMR effect.The UMR provides a probe for chirality and band flatness in the twisted bilayers.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1403602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 52161160334,and 12274437)+5 种基金the Science Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52088101)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR084)supported by the project PRIN 2020LWPKH7 funded by the Italian Ministry of Research and under the Project No. 101070287—SWAN-on-chip—HORIZON-CL4-2021-DIGITALEMERGING-01 funded by the European Unionpart supported by KACSTNSFsupported by the RIKEN Special Postdoctoral Researcher (SPDR) program。
文摘The importance of topological spin textures(TSTs), such as skyrmions, merons, hopfions, etc., is due to their static and dynamic properties [1]. They carry a topological number that characterizes the homotopy group Π_(n)(S^(2))(n ∈ Z) and classifies maps from S^(n) to S^(2)(e.g., the skyrmion winding number corresponds to Π_(2)(S^(2))).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62005144,61775119,and 62175128)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QF096)+2 种基金the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong Universitythe Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201812010)the High-level Talent Cultivation Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials of Shandong University
文摘We firstly report a 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor based on two pieces of normal dispersion fiber(NDF),which enables a high-power scaling ability of watt-level and a high pulse compression ratio of 13.7.With the NDFbased all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor,the 450-fs laser pulses with a repetition rate of 101.4 MHz are compressed to 35.1 fs,corresponding to a 5.2 optical oscillation cycle at the 2-μm wavelength region.The output average power reaches 1.28 W,which is believed to be the highest value never achieved from the previous 2-μm all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressors with a high pulse repetition rate above 100 MHz.The dynamic evolution of the ultrafast pulse inside the all-fiber nonlinear pulse compressor is numerically analyzed,matching well with the experimental results.
文摘Online monitoring of chemical reactions by using analytical chemistry tools is a powerful way to maximize control over these processes.In this paper,we demonstrate the use of molecular rotational resonance,an emerging and extraordinarily selective spectroscopic technique,to perform automated reaction monitoring measurements.An interface using a six-port valve with a calibrated sample loop,coupled to a temperature controlled inlet for analyte volatilization,was developed and tested.Two reactions were chosen for initial characterization:an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction to form an imine product and an isotopic exchange reaction of aβ-ketoester with keto-enol tautomerization.The spectrometer was able to provide kinetic information about the reaction and determine reaction completion.In the future,this system can be extended to detect and quantify impurities and characterize reaction selectivity,in addition to the reaction progress.
基金This work was supported by the Basic Science Center Project of NSFC(Grant No.51788104)the and Ministry of Science Technology of China(Grants No.2016YFA0301001,No.2018YFA0307100,and No.2018YFA0305603)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.11874035,No.11674188,and No.11334006)the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Chip(ICFC).
文摘Efcient control of phonons is crucial to energy-information technology,but limited by the lacking of tunable degrees of freedom like charge or spin.Here we suggest to utilize crystalline symmetry-protected pseudospins as new quantum degrees of freedom to manipulate phonons.Remarkably,we reveal a duality between phonon pseudospins and electron spins by presenting Kramerslike degeneracy and pseudospin counterparts of spin-orbit coupling,which lays the foundation for“pseudospin phononics”.Furthermore,we report two types of three-dimensional phononic topological insulators,which give topologically protected,gapless surface states with linear and quadratic band degeneracies,respectively.Tese topological surface states display unconventional phonon transport behaviors attributed to the unique pseudospin-momentum locking,which are useful for phononic circuits,transistors,antennas,etc.Te emerging pseudospin physics ofers new opportunities to develop future phononics.
