The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environmen...The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environment and con-tribute to global climate change.However,there remain considerable research gaps in the accurate measurement of NCGs emissions from agricultural fields,hindering the development of effective emission reduction strategies.We improved an open-top dynamic chambers(OTDCs)system and evaluated the performance by comparing the measured and given fluxes of the NCGs.The results showed that the measured fluxes of NO,N_(2)O and NH_(3)were 1%,2%and 7%lower than the given fluxes,respectively.For the determination of NH_(3) concentration,we employed a stripping coil-ion chromatograph(SC-IC)analytical technique,which demonstrated an absorption efficiency for atmospheric NH_(3) exceeding 96.1%across sampling durations of 6 to 60 min.In the summer maize season,we utilized the OTDCs system to measure the exchange fluxes of NO,NH_(3),and N_(2)O from the soil in the North China Plain.Substantial emissions of NO,NH_(3) and N_(2)O were recorded following fertilization,with peaks of 107,309,1239 ng N/(m^(2)·s),respectively.Notably,significant NCGs emissions were observed following sus-tained heavy rainfall one month after fertilization,particularly with NH_(3) peak being 4.5 times higher than that observed immediately after fertilization.Our results demonstrate that the OTDCs system accurately reflects the emission characteristics of soil NCGs and meets the requirements for long-term and continuous flux observation.展开更多
Spatial omics technologies have become powerful methods to provide valuable insights into cells and tissues within a complex context,significantly enhancing our understanding of the intricate and multifaceted biologic...Spatial omics technologies have become powerful methods to provide valuable insights into cells and tissues within a complex context,significantly enhancing our understanding of the intricate and multifaceted biological system.With an increasing focus on spatial heterogeneity,there is a growing need for unbiased,spatially resolved omics technologies.Laser capture microdissection(LCM)is a cutting-edge method for acquiring spatial information that can quickly collect regions of interest(ROIs)from heterogeneous tissues,with resolutions ranging from single cells to cell populations.Thus,LCM has been widely used for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diseases.This review focuses on the differences among four types of commonly used LCM technologies and their applications in omics and disease research.Key attributes of application cases are also highlighted,such as throughput and spatial resolution.In addition,we comprehensively discuss the existing challenges and the great potential of LCM in biomedical research,disease diagnosis,and targeted therapy from the perspective of high-throughput,multi-omics,and single-cell resolution.展开更多
Totheeditor:Ischemic heart disease(IHD),a leading cause of mortality worldwide,is primarily caused by atherosclerosis.Currently,the pathology of IHD is still not fully understood.Decades of pharmacology research have ...Totheeditor:Ischemic heart disease(IHD),a leading cause of mortality worldwide,is primarily caused by atherosclerosis.Currently,the pathology of IHD is still not fully understood.Decades of pharmacology research have accumulated a wealth of knowledge on genetic pathology,but conventional approaches cannot resolve tissue microstructures and cell dysfunctions1.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)paved new roads for IHD research.展开更多
Background and objectives:Shenqi Fuzheng(SQ)is a widely used Chinese medicine formula known for its immune-enhancing and Qi-supplementing properties.However,the blood-absorbed components of SQ and their pharmacokineti...Background and objectives:Shenqi Fuzheng(SQ)is a widely used Chinese medicine formula known for its immune-enhancing and Qi-supplementing properties.However,the blood-absorbed components of SQ and their pharmacokinetics remain underexplored.This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the chemical constituents of SQ and investigate their absorption and pharmacokinetic behavior in rat plasma.Methods:Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(hereinafter referred to as UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS)is employed to identify the chemical components in SQ extract and quantify the components absorbed into the blood after oral administration in rats.This method provides fragmentation patterns of compounds and key pharmacokinetic profiles of blood-absorbed compounds.Results:A total of 105 compounds are identified from the SQ extract,and 40 are detected in the blood following oral administration.Organic acids and amino acids are found at higher concentrations in the bloodstream.Compounds such as Astragalosides promptly enter the bloodstream within 5 m after administration,with levels declining after 15 m.Flavonoids are absorbed within 15–30 m,and the peak of alkaloids occurs approximately 1 h after administration.Conclusions:This study provides new insights into the chemical composition and pharmacokinetics of SQ,highlighting the dynamic changes in the content of absorbed compounds in the blood.It further promotes the comprehensive characterization of traditional Chinese medicine formulations through UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS.Future research should focus on elucidating the pharmacological activities of the identified compounds and investigating their potential synergistic effects within the formulation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Develop-ment Program(No.2022YFC3701103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42130714 and 41931287).
文摘The application of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural fields can lead to the release of nitrogen-containing gases(NCGs),such as NO_(x),NH_(3) and N_(2)O,which can significantly impact regional atmospheric environment and con-tribute to global climate change.However,there remain considerable research gaps in the accurate measurement of NCGs emissions from agricultural fields,hindering the development of effective emission reduction strategies.We improved an open-top dynamic chambers(OTDCs)system and evaluated the performance by comparing the measured and given fluxes of the NCGs.The results showed that the measured fluxes of NO,N_(2)O and NH_(3)were 1%,2%and 7%lower than the given fluxes,respectively.For the determination of NH_(3) concentration,we employed a stripping coil-ion chromatograph(SC-IC)analytical technique,which demonstrated an absorption efficiency for atmospheric NH_(3) exceeding 96.1%across sampling durations of 6 to 60 min.In the summer maize season,we utilized the OTDCs system to measure the exchange fluxes of NO,NH_(3),and N_(2)O from the soil in the North China Plain.Substantial emissions of NO,NH_(3) and N_(2)O were recorded following fertilization,with peaks of 107,309,1239 ng N/(m^(2)·s),respectively.Notably,significant NCGs emissions were observed following sus-tained heavy rainfall one month after fertilization,particularly with NH_(3) peak being 4.5 times higher than that observed immediately after fertilization.Our results demonstrate that the OTDCs system accurately reflects the emission characteristics of soil NCGs and meets the requirements for long-term and continuous flux observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973701 and 82204772)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ20H290002)+2 种基金the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712811)Westlake Laboratory(Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine).
文摘Spatial omics technologies have become powerful methods to provide valuable insights into cells and tissues within a complex context,significantly enhancing our understanding of the intricate and multifaceted biological system.With an increasing focus on spatial heterogeneity,there is a growing need for unbiased,spatially resolved omics technologies.Laser capture microdissection(LCM)is a cutting-edge method for acquiring spatial information that can quickly collect regions of interest(ROIs)from heterogeneous tissues,with resolutions ranging from single cells to cell populations.Thus,LCM has been widely used for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diseases.This review focuses on the differences among four types of commonly used LCM technologies and their applications in omics and disease research.Key attributes of application cases are also highlighted,such as throughput and spatial resolution.In addition,we comprehensively discuss the existing challenges and the great potential of LCM in biomedical research,disease diagnosis,and targeted therapy from the perspective of high-throughput,multi-omics,and single-cell resolution.
基金supported by the‘Pioneer’and‘Leading Goose’R&D Program of Zhejiang(grant number 2024C03106 Xiaohui Fan,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers U23A20513 Xiaohui Fan,82474194 Jie Liao)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number LD25H280002,Jie Liao,China)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(grant number 2022030309 Xiaohui Fan,China)the Starlit South Lake Leading Elite Program(grant number 2023A303005 Xiaohui Fan,China).
文摘Totheeditor:Ischemic heart disease(IHD),a leading cause of mortality worldwide,is primarily caused by atherosclerosis.Currently,the pathology of IHD is still not fully understood.Decades of pharmacology research have accumulated a wealth of knowledge on genetic pathology,but conventional approaches cannot resolve tissue microstructures and cell dysfunctions1.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics(ST)paved new roads for IHD research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204772).
文摘Background and objectives:Shenqi Fuzheng(SQ)is a widely used Chinese medicine formula known for its immune-enhancing and Qi-supplementing properties.However,the blood-absorbed components of SQ and their pharmacokinetics remain underexplored.This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the chemical constituents of SQ and investigate their absorption and pharmacokinetic behavior in rat plasma.Methods:Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(hereinafter referred to as UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS)is employed to identify the chemical components in SQ extract and quantify the components absorbed into the blood after oral administration in rats.This method provides fragmentation patterns of compounds and key pharmacokinetic profiles of blood-absorbed compounds.Results:A total of 105 compounds are identified from the SQ extract,and 40 are detected in the blood following oral administration.Organic acids and amino acids are found at higher concentrations in the bloodstream.Compounds such as Astragalosides promptly enter the bloodstream within 5 m after administration,with levels declining after 15 m.Flavonoids are absorbed within 15–30 m,and the peak of alkaloids occurs approximately 1 h after administration.Conclusions:This study provides new insights into the chemical composition and pharmacokinetics of SQ,highlighting the dynamic changes in the content of absorbed compounds in the blood.It further promotes the comprehensive characterization of traditional Chinese medicine formulations through UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS.Future research should focus on elucidating the pharmacological activities of the identified compounds and investigating their potential synergistic effects within the formulation.
