This paper explores the synchronization of stochastic simplicial complexes with noise,modeled by stochastic differential equations of It?type.It establishes the relationship between synchronization and individual dyna...This paper explores the synchronization of stochastic simplicial complexes with noise,modeled by stochastic differential equations of It?type.It establishes the relationship between synchronization and individual dynamics,higher-order structures,coupling strengths,and noise.In particular,this study delves into the role of multi-body interactions,particularly focusing on the influence of higher-order simplicial structures on the overall synchronization behavior.Furthermore,the effects of noise on synchronizability in the stochastic simplicial complex are thoroughly examined.The obtained results indicate that the effects of noise on the synchronizability vary with the manner in which noise propagates.The presence of noise can regulate the synchronization pattern of the simplicial complex,transforming the unstable state into a stable state,and vice versa.These findings offer valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for improving the performance of real-world networks,such as communication networks,biological systems,and social networks,where noise is often inevitable.展开更多
A bionic flexible manipulator driven by pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA)can better reflect the flexibility of the mechanism.Current research on PMA mainly focuses on the modeling and control strategy of the pneumatic ma...A bionic flexible manipulator driven by pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA)can better reflect the flexibility of the mechanism.Current research on PMA mainly focuses on the modeling and control strategy of the pneumatic manipulator system.Compared with traditional electro-hydraulic actuators,the structure of PMA is simple but possesses strong nonlinearity and flexibility,which leads to the difficulty in improving the control accuracy.In this paper,the configuration design of a bionic flexible manipulator is performed by human physiological map,the kinematic model of the mechanism is established,and the dynamics is analyzed by Lagrange method.A fuzzy torque control algorithm is designed based on the computed torque method,where the fuzzy control theory is applied.The hardware experimental system is established.Through the co-simulation contrast test on MATLAB and ADAMS,it is found that the fuzzy torque control algorithm has better tracking performance and higher tracking accuracy than the computed torque method,and is applied to the entity control test.The experimental results show that the fuzzy torque algorithm can better control the trajectory tracking movement of the bionic flexible manipulator.This research proposes a fuzzy torque control algorithm which can compensate the error more effectively,and possesses the preferred trajectory tracking performance.展开更多
Limited studies have investigated the modification of tidal currents by mangrove trees. In particular, the impacts of mangrove trees on a vertical velocity profile remain unclear. An automatic system is developed to o...Limited studies have investigated the modification of tidal currents by mangrove trees. In particular, the impacts of mangrove trees on a vertical velocity profile remain unclear. An automatic system is developed to observe the vertical velocity profiles within a mangrove forest composed of artificially introduced Kandelia obovata located on the Ximen Island, the southern Zhejiang Province. The results reveal low flow velocities throughout the vertical profile within the mangrove forest. The vertical profile shows an overall decrease of the velocity with an increasing height above the bed. This pattern is due to the vertical increase of the drag force by the trunks and tree canopies.In addition, the turbulent energy density also varies vertically, corresponding to the vertical structure of the mangrove trees. In comparison with the vertical structure of flows within bare mudflats(semi-logarithmic) and salt marshes(nearly J-shape), the mangrove trees are shown to have a considerable impact on the vertical velocity profile in different ways.展开更多
Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Toge...Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.展开更多
Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the re...Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the realized energy density is constrained by the limited capacity and low voltage.Herein,copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane(CuTCNQ),an organic charge-transfer complex is evaluated as a zinc-ion battery cathode owing to the good electron acceptation ability in the cyano groups that improves the voltage output.Through electrochemical activation,electrolyte optimization,and adoption of graphene-based separator,CuTCNQ-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries deliver much improved rate performance and cycling stability with anti-self-discharge properties.The structural evolution of CuTCNQ during discharge/charge are investigated by ex situ Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR)spectra,ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and in situ ultraviolet visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),revealing reversible redox reactions in both cuprous cations(Cu^(+))and organic anions(TCNQ^(x-1)),thus delivering a high voltage output of 1.0 V and excellent discharge capacity of 158 mAh g^(-1).The remarkable electrochemical performance in Zn//CuTCNQ is ascribed to the strong inductive effect of cyano groups in CuTCNQ that elevated the voltage output and the graphene-modified separator that inhibited CuTCNQ dissolution and shuttle effect in aqueous electrolytes.展开更多
The potential application of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)in biomedicine has been extensively reported.However,there is still too much puzzle about their real face and potential health risks in comparison with the commerci...The potential application of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)in biomedicine has been extensively reported.However,there is still too much puzzle about their real face and potential health risks in comparison with the commercial drug molecules.The emergence of atomically precise gold nanoclusters(APGNCs)provides the opportunity to address the puzzle due to their ultrasmall size,defined molecular formula,editable surface engineering,available structures and unique physicochemical properties including excellent biocompatibility,strong luminescence,enzyme-like activity and efficient renal clearance,et al.Recently,these advantages of APGNCs also endow them promising performances in healthcare such as bioimaging,drug delivery,antibacterial and cancer therapy.Especially,their clear composition and structures like the commercial drug molecules facilitate the study of their functions and the structure-activity relationship in healthcare,which is essential for the guided design of APGNC nanomedicine.Therefore,this review will focus the advantages and recent progress of APGNCs in health care and envision their prospects for the future.展开更多
Emergencies often result in uncontrollable bleeding, which is thought to be the leading cause of death at the scene of the injured. Among various hemostasis scenarios, collagen fiber (CF) is gradually replacing tradit...Emergencies often result in uncontrollable bleeding, which is thought to be the leading cause of death at the scene of the injured. Among various hemostasis scenarios, collagen fiber (CF) is gradually replacing traditional hemostatic materials due to its superior properties and ease of sourcing from animals. Herein, we use CF and the natural herba-ceous Bletilla striata as raw materials to prepare a collagen fiber-oxidized Bletilla striata composite hemostatic sponge (CFOB). During the cross-linking process, the triple helix structure of collagen stays intact, and its porous three- dimensional network structure brings excellent bulkiness and water absorption properties. Experiments show that the optimal amount of sponge CFOB-10, namely oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 0.5 mg/mL and CF 5 mg/mL, only needed 25 ± 4.06 s for hemostasis time in the rat liver hemorrhage model. In addition, CFOB meets the safety performance requirements of cytotoxicity classification standard 0. Therefore, the optimal amount of CFOB is an excel-lent new hemostatic material with application potential.展开更多
Acellular dermal matrix(ADM)is derived from natural skin by removing the entire epidermis and the cell components of dermis,but retaining the collagen components of dermis.It can be used as a therapeutic alternative t...Acellular dermal matrix(ADM)is derived from natural skin by removing the entire epidermis and the cell components of dermis,but retaining the collagen components of dermis.It can be used as a therapeutic alternative to“gold standard”tissue grafts and has been widely used in many surgical fields,since it possesses affluent predominant physicochemical and biological characteristics that have attracted the attention of researchers.Herein,the basic science of biologics with a focus on ADMs is comprehensively described,the modification principles and technologies of ADM are discussed,and the characteristics of ADMs and the evidence behind their use for a variety of reconstructive and prosthetic purposes are reviewed.In addition,the advances in biomedical applications of ADMs and the common indications for use in reconstructing and repairing wounds,maintaining homeostasis in the filling of a tissue defect,guiding tissue regeneration,and delivering cells via grafts in surgical applications are thoroughly analyzed.This review expectedly promotes and inspires the emergence of natural raw collagen-based materials as an advanced substitute biomaterial to autologous tissue transplantation.展开更多
The recent progress in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)makes it more practical in real-world tasks,but its relatively poor scalability and the partially observable constraint raise more challenges for it...The recent progress in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)makes it more practical in real-world tasks,but its relatively poor scalability and the partially observable constraint raise more challenges for its performance and deployment.Based on our intuitive observation that human society could be regarded as a large-scale partially observable environment,where everyone has the functions of communicating with neighbors and remembering his/her own experience,we propose a novel network structure called the hierarchical graph recurrent network(HGRN)for multi-agent cooperation under partial observability.Specifically,we construct the multiagent system as a graph,use a novel graph convolution structure to achieve communication between heterogeneous neighboring agents,and adopt a recurrent unit to enable agents to record historical information.To encourage exploration and improve robustness,we design a maximum-entropy learning method that can learn stochastic policies of a configurable target action entropy.Based on the above technologies,we propose a value-based MADRL algorithm called Soft-HGRN and its actor-critic variant called SAC-HGRN.Experimental results based on three homogeneous tasks and one heterogeneous environment not only show that our approach achieves clear improvements compared with four MADRL baselines,but also demonstrate the interpretability,scalability,and transferability of the proposed model.展开更多
Pseudorabies is a highly contagious disease caused by pseudorabies virus(PRV)or suid herpesvirus 1(SuHV1),causing significant economic losses to the swine industry in countries where the disease exists.In this paper,w...Pseudorabies is a highly contagious disease caused by pseudorabies virus(PRV)or suid herpesvirus 1(SuHV1),causing significant economic losses to the swine industry in countries where the disease exists.In this paper,we formulate an age structure model of pseudorabies virus that takes into account disease-related mortality and vertical trans-mission.We find a threshold to determine the stability and existence of the disease.We show that there is always a globally asymptotically stable boundary equilibrium if and only if R_(02)<1+q,which means that the disease always exists in piglets and will die out in adult pigs.When R_(02)>1+q,the boundary equilibrium is unstable and there exists a unique disease-endemic equilibrium,which is globally asymptotically stable.We give detailed proofs of our theoretical results and numerical examples.Brief concluding re-marks are also provided.展开更多
Background and Aims:For high morbidity and mortality,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)becomes a major health issue worldwide.Nowadays,numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are known to regulate the occurrence and patho-genesis ...Background and Aims:For high morbidity and mortality,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)becomes a major health issue worldwide.Nowadays,numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are known to regulate the occurrence and patho-genesis of tumors.Some ncRNAs have also been developed as tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.However,the potential function of the small Cajal body-specific RNA(scaRNA)SCARNA16,a newly identified ncRNA,remains to be explored in HCC.Methods:In both HCC cell lines and specimens from 120 enrolled patients,the expression val-ues of SCARNA16 were detected.We divided patients into SCARNA16 high and low expression subgroups,and then analyzed the difference of various clinical characteristics and prognosis data between subgroups.Results:Compared to paired controls,SCARNA16 was significantly down-regulated in HCC cell lines and clinical specimens(p<0.01).Besides,HCC patients with lower SCARNA16 expression commonly presented with larger and more tumor lesions,more ves-sel carcinoma emboli,more capsular invasion and higher TNM stages(p<0.05).Moreover,SCARNA16 expression was negatively correlated with postoperative prognosis of HCC patients in 5-year follow-up,including tumor-free survival(TFS)(median time of low vs.high subgroups:14 vs.48 months,p=0.006)and overall survival(OS)(median time of low vs.high subgroups:39 vs.52 months,p=0.001).Besides,SCARNA16 acted as an independent prognostic bio-marker in TFS(hazard ratio[HR]:0.578,95%CI:0.345-0.969,p=0.038)and OS(HR:0.366,95%CI:0.178-0.752,p=0.006).Conclusions:Low expression patterns of SCAR-NA16 remarkably associated with severe clinical status and poor survival of patients,suggesting that SCARNA16 pos-sesses potency as a novel biomarker for HCC.展开更多
Erratum to:Front Inform Technol Electron Eng,2023,24(1):117-130 https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200073 Unfortunately the funding information was in-correct.It should be the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018...Erratum to:Front Inform Technol Electron Eng,2023,24(1):117-130 https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200073 Unfortunately the funding information was in-correct.It should be the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018AAA0102302).展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)direct writing based on the meniscus-confined electrodeposition of copper metal wires was used in this study to develop vertical capacitive microelectromechanical switches.Vertical microelectromec...Three-dimensional(3D)direct writing based on the meniscus-confined electrodeposition of copper metal wires was used in this study to develop vertical capacitive microelectromechanical switches.Vertical microelectromechanical switches reduce the form factor and increase the area density of such devices in integrated circuits.We studied the electromechanical characteristics of such vertical switches by exploring the dependence of switching voltage on various device structures,particularly with regard to the length,wire diameter,and the distance between the two wires.A simple model was found to match the experimental measurements made in this study.We found that the electrodeposited copper microwires exhibit a good elastic modulus close to that of bulk copper.By optimizing the 3D structure of the electrodes,a volatile electromechanical switch with a sub-5 V switching voltage was demonstrated in a vertical microscale switch with a gap distance as small as 100 nm created with a pair of copper wires with diameters of~1μm and heights of 25μm.This study establishes an innovative approach to construct microelectromechanical systems with arbitrary 3D microwire structures for various applications,including the demonstrated volatile and nonvolatile microswitches.展开更多
Acellular dermal matrix(ADM)is derived from natural skin by removing the entire epidermis and the cell components of dermis,but retaining the collagen components of dermis.It can be used as a therapeutic alternative t...Acellular dermal matrix(ADM)is derived from natural skin by removing the entire epidermis and the cell components of dermis,but retaining the collagen components of dermis.It can be used as a therapeutic alternative to"gold standard"tissue grafts and has been widely used in many surgical fields,since it possesses affluent predominant physicochemical and biological characteristics that have attracted the attention of researchers.Herein,the basic science of biologics with a focus on ADMs is comprehensively described,the modification principles and technologies of ADM are discussed,and the characteristics of ADMs and the evidence behind their use for a variety of reconstructive and prosthetic purposes are reviewed.In addition,the advances in biomedical applications of ADMs and the common indications for use in reconstructing and repairing wounds,maintaining homeostasis in the filling of a tissue defect,guiding tissue regeneration,and delivering cells via grafts in surgical applications are thoroughly analyzed.This review expectedly promotes and inspires the emergence of natural raw collagen-based materials as an advanced substitute biomaterial to autologous tissue transplantation.展开更多
Delta evolution in the context of no sediment discharge has become a global concern,and an accretion-to-erosion conversion is occurring in the Yangtze estuary.This conversion could threaten Changjiang subaqueous delta...Delta evolution in the context of no sediment discharge has become a global concern,and an accretion-to-erosion conversion is occurring in the Yangtze estuary.This conversion could threaten Changjiang subaqueous delta devel-opment.Sediment erodibility is an important indicator of subaqueous delta vulnerability.However,the present and future erodibility of the Changjiang subaqueous delta remains unclear.In this study,37 short cores were collected from the Changjiang subaqueous delta,and the critical shear stress of the sediment was measured using a cohesive strength meter(CSM)and compared with estimates based on an empirical Shields diagram.The sediment erodibility was analyzed by comparing the sediment critical shear stress with the bed shear stress simulated using a numerical model(i.e.,FVCOM),and sediment activity was introduced to discuss the geomorphological change in the subaque-ous delta.The CSM-derived critical shear stress is significantly higher than that derived from the empirical Shields formula,but it better shows the erodibility of the sediment.The annual surface sediment activity ranges from 5%to 30%based on the CSM,indicating low surface erodibility.Moreover,the critical shear stress in this region increases as water depth increases,but the bed shear stress shows the opposite trend.Therefore,the erodibility of the Changjiang subaqueous delta is lower than that of the shallow area,indicating no accretion-erosion conversion or continued vertical erosion under sediment starvation in the coming decades.These findings can provide suggestions for erosion assessment and management in large river deltas under decreasing sediment discharge.展开更多
The retreat of cliffs(lateral expansion)within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes,but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems.To understand the interaction between root presence and bank se...The retreat of cliffs(lateral expansion)within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes,but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems.To understand the interaction between root presence and bank sediment,quantitative measurements of two saltmarsh species root systems(Atriplex portulacoides and Juncus maritima)were carried out in a saltmarsh in Southern England,and their relationships with bank stability were examined.Computed Tomography(CT)Scanning techniques were used to investigate three-dimensional root architecture.The data obtained(e.g.,root volume,diameter,and distribution patterns of roots)were examined alongside more traditional root density measurements.The volumetric percentage,ratio between horizontal(lateral)and vertical roots(H/V ratio),and root diameter distribution are discussed in relation to their influence on bank sediment erosion threshold and shear strength.The results suggest that Atriplex portulacoides is more effective than Juncus maritimus in stabilising banks.This is because root systems that provide a high resistance to flow-induced erosion are better than those that provide a high resistance to gravity-induced erosion in stabilising cliff banks.This conclusion is relevant to future saltmarsh protection and re-establishment.展开更多
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473284,61973064,62203327)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.F2022501024)。
文摘This paper explores the synchronization of stochastic simplicial complexes with noise,modeled by stochastic differential equations of It?type.It establishes the relationship between synchronization and individual dynamics,higher-order structures,coupling strengths,and noise.In particular,this study delves into the role of multi-body interactions,particularly focusing on the influence of higher-order simplicial structures on the overall synchronization behavior.Furthermore,the effects of noise on synchronizability in the stochastic simplicial complex are thoroughly examined.The obtained results indicate that the effects of noise on the synchronizability vary with the manner in which noise propagates.The presence of noise can regulate the synchronization pattern of the simplicial complex,transforming the unstable state into a stable state,and vice versa.These findings offer valuable insights and a theoretical foundation for improving the performance of real-world networks,such as communication networks,biological systems,and social networks,where noise is often inevitable.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51405229)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK20151470)
文摘A bionic flexible manipulator driven by pneumatic muscle actuator(PMA)can better reflect the flexibility of the mechanism.Current research on PMA mainly focuses on the modeling and control strategy of the pneumatic manipulator system.Compared with traditional electro-hydraulic actuators,the structure of PMA is simple but possesses strong nonlinearity and flexibility,which leads to the difficulty in improving the control accuracy.In this paper,the configuration design of a bionic flexible manipulator is performed by human physiological map,the kinematic model of the mechanism is established,and the dynamics is analyzed by Lagrange method.A fuzzy torque control algorithm is designed based on the computed torque method,where the fuzzy control theory is applied.The hardware experimental system is established.Through the co-simulation contrast test on MATLAB and ADAMS,it is found that the fuzzy torque control algorithm has better tracking performance and higher tracking accuracy than the computed torque method,and is applied to the entity control test.The experimental results show that the fuzzy torque algorithm can better control the trajectory tracking movement of the bionic flexible manipulator.This research proposes a fuzzy torque control algorithm which can compensate the error more effectively,and possesses the preferred trajectory tracking performance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41006047 and 41776096the Fundamental Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.JT1505
文摘Limited studies have investigated the modification of tidal currents by mangrove trees. In particular, the impacts of mangrove trees on a vertical velocity profile remain unclear. An automatic system is developed to observe the vertical velocity profiles within a mangrove forest composed of artificially introduced Kandelia obovata located on the Ximen Island, the southern Zhejiang Province. The results reveal low flow velocities throughout the vertical profile within the mangrove forest. The vertical profile shows an overall decrease of the velocity with an increasing height above the bed. This pattern is due to the vertical increase of the drag force by the trunks and tree canopies.In addition, the turbulent energy density also varies vertically, corresponding to the vertical structure of the mangrove trees. In comparison with the vertical structure of flows within bare mudflats(semi-logarithmic) and salt marshes(nearly J-shape), the mangrove trees are shown to have a considerable impact on the vertical velocity profile in different ways.
基金This work was supported by the Key Sci-Tech Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2018ZDXM-NY-034)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2018-TD-021),Chinasupport by the Northwest A&F University and the reproductive biology and cell engineering team.We acknowledge Mr.Xuezhe ZHANG at the Shaanxi Baosen Musk Deer Industry Co.,Ltd.(Shaanxi,China)for providing experimental animals.
文摘Background The musk glands of adult male Chinese forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii Flerov,1929)(FMD),which are considered as special skin glands,secrete a mixture of sebum,lipids,and proteins into the musk pod.Together,these components form musk,which plays an important role in attracting females during the breeding season.However,the relationship between the musk glands and skin of Chinese FMD remains undiscovered.Here,the musk gland and skin of Chinese FMD were examined using histological analysis and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),and the expression of key regulatory genes was evaluated to determine whether the musk gland is derived from the skin.Methods A comparative analysis of musk gland anatomy between juvenile and adult Chinese FMD was conducted.Then,based on the anatomical structure of the musk gland,skin tissues from the abdomen and back as well as musk gland tissues were obtained from three juvenile FMD.These tissues were used for RNA-seq,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,immunohistochemistry(IHC),western blot(WB),and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)experiments.Results Anatomical analysis showed that only adult male FMD had a complete glandular organ and musk pod,while juvenile FMD did not have any well-developed musk pods.Transcriptomic data revealed that 88.24%of genes were co-expressed in the skin and musk gland tissues.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway analysis found that the genes co-expressed in the abdomen skin,back skin,and musk gland were enriched in biological development,endocrine system,lipid metabolism,and other pathways.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated that the genes expressed in these tissues were enriched in biological processes such as multicellular development and cell division.Moreover,the Metascape predictive analysis tool demonstrated that genes expressed in musk glands were skin tissue-specific.qRT-PCR and WB revealed that sex-determining region Y-box protein 9(Sox9),Caveolin-1(Cav-1),and androgen receptor(AR)were expressed in all three tissues,although the expression levels differed among the tissues.According to the IHC results,Sox9 and AR were expressed in the nuclei of sebaceous gland,hair follicle,and musk gland cells,whereas Cav-1 was expressed in the cell membrane.Conclusions The musk gland of Chinese FMD may be a derivative of skin tissue,and Sox9,Cav-1,and AR may play significant roles in musk gland development.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52102117,51173170,and 21773216)the joint project from the Henan-Provincial and the China-National Natural Science Foundations(No.U2004208)Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(No.202102310212)
文摘Organic redox compounds are attractive cathode materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to their low cost,environmental friendliness,multiple-electron-transfer reactions,and resource sustainability.However,the realized energy density is constrained by the limited capacity and low voltage.Herein,copper-tetracyanoquinodimethane(CuTCNQ),an organic charge-transfer complex is evaluated as a zinc-ion battery cathode owing to the good electron acceptation ability in the cyano groups that improves the voltage output.Through electrochemical activation,electrolyte optimization,and adoption of graphene-based separator,CuTCNQ-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries deliver much improved rate performance and cycling stability with anti-self-discharge properties.The structural evolution of CuTCNQ during discharge/charge are investigated by ex situ Fourier transform infra-red(FT-IR)spectra,ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and in situ ultraviolet visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),revealing reversible redox reactions in both cuprous cations(Cu^(+))and organic anions(TCNQ^(x-1)),thus delivering a high voltage output of 1.0 V and excellent discharge capacity of 158 mAh g^(-1).The remarkable electrochemical performance in Zn//CuTCNQ is ascribed to the strong inductive effect of cyano groups in CuTCNQ that elevated the voltage output and the graphene-modified separator that inhibited CuTCNQ dissolution and shuttle effect in aqueous electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971246,22371108,22075122)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(tsqn202211242)the Chunhui Program of the Ministry of Education of China(HZKY20220463).
文摘The potential application of gold nanoparticles(GNPs)in biomedicine has been extensively reported.However,there is still too much puzzle about their real face and potential health risks in comparison with the commercial drug molecules.The emergence of atomically precise gold nanoclusters(APGNCs)provides the opportunity to address the puzzle due to their ultrasmall size,defined molecular formula,editable surface engineering,available structures and unique physicochemical properties including excellent biocompatibility,strong luminescence,enzyme-like activity and efficient renal clearance,et al.Recently,these advantages of APGNCs also endow them promising performances in healthcare such as bioimaging,drug delivery,antibacterial and cancer therapy.Especially,their clear composition and structures like the commercial drug molecules facilitate the study of their functions and the structure-activity relationship in healthcare,which is essential for the guided design of APGNC nanomedicine.Therefore,this review will focus the advantages and recent progress of APGNCs in health care and envision their prospects for the future.
基金Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering,(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education,(SCU2021D005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20826041E4156 and 20826041C4159).
文摘Emergencies often result in uncontrollable bleeding, which is thought to be the leading cause of death at the scene of the injured. Among various hemostasis scenarios, collagen fiber (CF) is gradually replacing traditional hemostatic materials due to its superior properties and ease of sourcing from animals. Herein, we use CF and the natural herba-ceous Bletilla striata as raw materials to prepare a collagen fiber-oxidized Bletilla striata composite hemostatic sponge (CFOB). During the cross-linking process, the triple helix structure of collagen stays intact, and its porous three- dimensional network structure brings excellent bulkiness and water absorption properties. Experiments show that the optimal amount of sponge CFOB-10, namely oxidized Bletilla striata polysaccharide 0.5 mg/mL and CF 5 mg/mL, only needed 25 ± 4.06 s for hemostasis time in the rat liver hemorrhage model. In addition, CFOB meets the safety performance requirements of cytotoxicity classification standard 0. Therefore, the optimal amount of CFOB is an excel-lent new hemostatic material with application potential.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32101081Young Talent Support Program Project of Shaanxi University Science and Technology Association,20200424+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.20826041E4156and the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering,(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education,No.SCU2021D005.
文摘Acellular dermal matrix(ADM)is derived from natural skin by removing the entire epidermis and the cell components of dermis,but retaining the collagen components of dermis.It can be used as a therapeutic alternative to“gold standard”tissue grafts and has been widely used in many surgical fields,since it possesses affluent predominant physicochemical and biological characteristics that have attracted the attention of researchers.Herein,the basic science of biologics with a focus on ADMs is comprehensively described,the modification principles and technologies of ADM are discussed,and the characteristics of ADMs and the evidence behind their use for a variety of reconstructive and prosthetic purposes are reviewed.In addition,the advances in biomedical applications of ADMs and the common indications for use in reconstructing and repairing wounds,maintaining homeostasis in the filling of a tissue defect,guiding tissue regeneration,and delivering cells via grafts in surgical applications are thoroughly analyzed.This review expectedly promotes and inspires the emergence of natural raw collagen-based materials as an advanced substitute biomaterial to autologous tissue transplantation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874362)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(2018JJ1036).
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018AAA010230)。
文摘The recent progress in multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)makes it more practical in real-world tasks,but its relatively poor scalability and the partially observable constraint raise more challenges for its performance and deployment.Based on our intuitive observation that human society could be regarded as a large-scale partially observable environment,where everyone has the functions of communicating with neighbors and remembering his/her own experience,we propose a novel network structure called the hierarchical graph recurrent network(HGRN)for multi-agent cooperation under partial observability.Specifically,we construct the multiagent system as a graph,use a novel graph convolution structure to achieve communication between heterogeneous neighboring agents,and adopt a recurrent unit to enable agents to record historical information.To encourage exploration and improve robustness,we design a maximum-entropy learning method that can learn stochastic policies of a configurable target action entropy.Based on the above technologies,we propose a value-based MADRL algorithm called Soft-HGRN and its actor-critic variant called SAC-HGRN.Experimental results based on three homogeneous tasks and one heterogeneous environment not only show that our approach achieves clear improvements compared with four MADRL baselines,but also demonstrate the interpretability,scalability,and transferability of the proposed model.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12071095,11971127).
文摘Pseudorabies is a highly contagious disease caused by pseudorabies virus(PRV)or suid herpesvirus 1(SuHV1),causing significant economic losses to the swine industry in countries where the disease exists.In this paper,we formulate an age structure model of pseudorabies virus that takes into account disease-related mortality and vertical trans-mission.We find a threshold to determine the stability and existence of the disease.We show that there is always a globally asymptotically stable boundary equilibrium if and only if R_(02)<1+q,which means that the disease always exists in piglets and will die out in adult pigs.When R_(02)>1+q,the boundary equilibrium is unstable and there exists a unique disease-endemic equilibrium,which is globally asymptotically stable.We give detailed proofs of our theoretical results and numerical examples.Brief concluding re-marks are also provided.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773096 and 82072650)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Nos.2018C03085 and 2021C03121).
文摘Background and Aims:For high morbidity and mortality,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)becomes a major health issue worldwide.Nowadays,numerous non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are known to regulate the occurrence and patho-genesis of tumors.Some ncRNAs have also been developed as tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.However,the potential function of the small Cajal body-specific RNA(scaRNA)SCARNA16,a newly identified ncRNA,remains to be explored in HCC.Methods:In both HCC cell lines and specimens from 120 enrolled patients,the expression val-ues of SCARNA16 were detected.We divided patients into SCARNA16 high and low expression subgroups,and then analyzed the difference of various clinical characteristics and prognosis data between subgroups.Results:Compared to paired controls,SCARNA16 was significantly down-regulated in HCC cell lines and clinical specimens(p<0.01).Besides,HCC patients with lower SCARNA16 expression commonly presented with larger and more tumor lesions,more ves-sel carcinoma emboli,more capsular invasion and higher TNM stages(p<0.05).Moreover,SCARNA16 expression was negatively correlated with postoperative prognosis of HCC patients in 5-year follow-up,including tumor-free survival(TFS)(median time of low vs.high subgroups:14 vs.48 months,p=0.006)and overall survival(OS)(median time of low vs.high subgroups:39 vs.52 months,p=0.001).Besides,SCARNA16 acted as an independent prognostic bio-marker in TFS(hazard ratio[HR]:0.578,95%CI:0.345-0.969,p=0.038)and OS(HR:0.366,95%CI:0.178-0.752,p=0.006).Conclusions:Low expression patterns of SCAR-NA16 remarkably associated with severe clinical status and poor survival of patients,suggesting that SCARNA16 pos-sesses potency as a novel biomarker for HCC.
文摘Erratum to:Front Inform Technol Electron Eng,2023,24(1):117-130 https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2200073 Unfortunately the funding information was in-correct.It should be the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018AAA0102302).
基金We also acknowledge the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11574331 and 11374311)the Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2015B11002,2015A610017,2012A610121)the Jiangsu Key R&D program(BE2015104).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)direct writing based on the meniscus-confined electrodeposition of copper metal wires was used in this study to develop vertical capacitive microelectromechanical switches.Vertical microelectromechanical switches reduce the form factor and increase the area density of such devices in integrated circuits.We studied the electromechanical characteristics of such vertical switches by exploring the dependence of switching voltage on various device structures,particularly with regard to the length,wire diameter,and the distance between the two wires.A simple model was found to match the experimental measurements made in this study.We found that the electrodeposited copper microwires exhibit a good elastic modulus close to that of bulk copper.By optimizing the 3D structure of the electrodes,a volatile electromechanical switch with a sub-5 V switching voltage was demonstrated in a vertical microscale switch with a gap distance as small as 100 nm created with a pair of copper wires with diameters of~1μm and heights of 25μm.This study establishes an innovative approach to construct microelectromechanical systems with arbitrary 3D microwire structures for various applications,including the demonstrated volatile and nonvolatile microswitches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32101081Young Talent Support Program Project of Shaanxi University Science and Technology Association,20200424+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.20826041E4156the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering,(Sichuan University),Ministry of Education,No.SCU2021D005.
文摘Acellular dermal matrix(ADM)is derived from natural skin by removing the entire epidermis and the cell components of dermis,but retaining the collagen components of dermis.It can be used as a therapeutic alternative to"gold standard"tissue grafts and has been widely used in many surgical fields,since it possesses affluent predominant physicochemical and biological characteristics that have attracted the attention of researchers.Herein,the basic science of biologics with a focus on ADMs is comprehensively described,the modification principles and technologies of ADM are discussed,and the characteristics of ADMs and the evidence behind their use for a variety of reconstructive and prosthetic purposes are reviewed.In addition,the advances in biomedical applications of ADMs and the common indications for use in reconstructing and repairing wounds,maintaining homeostasis in the filling of a tissue defect,guiding tissue regeneration,and delivering cells via grafts in surgical applications are thoroughly analyzed.This review expectedly promotes and inspires the emergence of natural raw collagen-based materials as an advanced substitute biomaterial to autologous tissue transplantation.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41876092 and 42006151)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2019-01-07-00-05-E00027)the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.KLCSMERMNR2021001).
文摘Delta evolution in the context of no sediment discharge has become a global concern,and an accretion-to-erosion conversion is occurring in the Yangtze estuary.This conversion could threaten Changjiang subaqueous delta devel-opment.Sediment erodibility is an important indicator of subaqueous delta vulnerability.However,the present and future erodibility of the Changjiang subaqueous delta remains unclear.In this study,37 short cores were collected from the Changjiang subaqueous delta,and the critical shear stress of the sediment was measured using a cohesive strength meter(CSM)and compared with estimates based on an empirical Shields diagram.The sediment erodibility was analyzed by comparing the sediment critical shear stress with the bed shear stress simulated using a numerical model(i.e.,FVCOM),and sediment activity was introduced to discuss the geomorphological change in the subaque-ous delta.The CSM-derived critical shear stress is significantly higher than that derived from the empirical Shields formula,but it better shows the erodibility of the sediment.The annual surface sediment activity ranges from 5%to 30%based on the CSM,indicating low surface erodibility.Moreover,the critical shear stress in this region increases as water depth increases,but the bed shear stress shows the opposite trend.Therefore,the erodibility of the Changjiang subaqueous delta is lower than that of the shallow area,indicating no accretion-erosion conversion or continued vertical erosion under sediment starvation in the coming decades.These findings can provide suggestions for erosion assessment and management in large river deltas under decreasing sediment discharge.
基金supported by a Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Award(Grant No.EP/P500753/1)the preparation of the manuscript was funded by a NSFC Project(Grant No.41776096).
文摘The retreat of cliffs(lateral expansion)within tidal creeks results in a net loss of saltmarshes,but this retreat process can be retarded by root systems.To understand the interaction between root presence and bank sediment,quantitative measurements of two saltmarsh species root systems(Atriplex portulacoides and Juncus maritima)were carried out in a saltmarsh in Southern England,and their relationships with bank stability were examined.Computed Tomography(CT)Scanning techniques were used to investigate three-dimensional root architecture.The data obtained(e.g.,root volume,diameter,and distribution patterns of roots)were examined alongside more traditional root density measurements.The volumetric percentage,ratio between horizontal(lateral)and vertical roots(H/V ratio),and root diameter distribution are discussed in relation to their influence on bank sediment erosion threshold and shear strength.The results suggest that Atriplex portulacoides is more effective than Juncus maritimus in stabilising banks.This is because root systems that provide a high resistance to flow-induced erosion are better than those that provide a high resistance to gravity-induced erosion in stabilising cliff banks.This conclusion is relevant to future saltmarsh protection and re-establishment.
