Lumpy skin disease(LSD)is a highly contagious disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus(LSDV)in bovines.Rapid and accurate diagnosis is very important to controll it.However,current commercial detection kits need to ...Lumpy skin disease(LSD)is a highly contagious disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus(LSDV)in bovines.Rapid and accurate diagnosis is very important to controll it.However,current commercial detection kits need to be improved in terms of sensitivity or specificity.This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(cELISA)based on the newly identified antigen gene LSDV034.The rLSDV034 protein was identified as a potential diagnostic antigen,and it was expressed,purified,and used to immunize BALB/c mice.Using laboratory-prepared indirect ELISA(iELISA),the positive cell lines were screened,and their blocking activity was further verified by competitive ELISA(cELISA).The cell line,1H7,was chosen to produce mouse ascites,which were purified for a monoclonal antibody(mAb,5.395 mg/mL).The heavy chain type of the 1H7 mAb was identified as IgG1a,and its light chain subtype was identified as κ.Furthermore,cELISA was developed to detect bovine serum antibodies,with rLSDV034(4μg/mL)as the coating antigen and HRP-1H7 mAb(1:300)as the competitive antibody.The cutoff value of cELISA was 55%,based on 32 negative bovine serum samples.The analytical sensitivity was 1:8,and no cross-reaction was detected with bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV),infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus(IBRV),Pasteurella multocida(P.multocida),or Mycoplasma bovis(M.bovis)from the serum samples.The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of cELISA were 98.46%(95%confidence interval,CI:91.7–100)and 100%(95%CI:89.1–100),respectively,based on the analysis of 30 LSDV-infected bovine serum samples,35 GTPV-vaccinated samples,and 32 negative samples.The overall coincidence of the cELISA with the virus neutralization test(VNT)reached 98.97%(95%CI:94.4–100).Furthermore,we used cELISA to analyze 230 clinical bovine serum samples(including 59 infected and 171 vaccinated samples)and found that the serum positivity rates of the immunized samples(on d 60 postimmunization)and infected samples were 77.78%(95%CI:70.8–83.8%)and 71.19%(95%CI:57.9–82.2),respectively.These results indicate that the developed cELISA is promising for detecting serum antibodies in naturally infected or vaccinated cattle.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation of nurses’participant activation for self-management of low back pain,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference for improving th...Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation of nurses’participant activation for self-management of low back pain,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference for improving the participant activation for self-management of low back pain.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,120 nurses recruited through convenience sampling from hospitals across 25 provinces and municipalities in China.Participants completed two standardized instruments:General Information Questionnaire which collected demographic characteristics and work-related factors,and the Participant Activation for Self-Management of Back Pain Questionnaire which measured activation levels across three dimensions(including self-management beliefs,self-management awareness,and knowledge related to low back pain).Results:The score of nurses’participant activation for low back pain self-management was 38.00(33.00,44.00).The results of multiple linear regression showed that nurses of different gender,age,and professional titles,whether they had administrative positions,and whether they had back pain in the past year were influencing factors of nurses’participant activation for low back pain management.Conclusion:The overall participant activation for self-management of low back pain is at a medium level.Their self-management awareness is strong,but their beliefs about management of low back pain are insufficient.Targeted intervention measures can be taken to improve their activation for management of back pain and reduce the incidence of occupational low back pain.展开更多
Tea is considered to be a well-known and widely consumed beverage and Hunan province is rich in tea plant germplasm.In order to better conserve and utilize Hunan tea plant resources,110 tea accessions from seven geogr...Tea is considered to be a well-known and widely consumed beverage and Hunan province is rich in tea plant germplasm.In order to better conserve and utilize Hunan tea plant resources,110 tea accessions from seven geographical origins were used to assess genetic diversity of Hunan tea plant germplasm through genotyping by sequencing(GBS)technology.As a result,a total of 311,044 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers were obtained.Population structure,phylogenetic relationships and principal component analysis(PCA)divided the entire accessions into three groups.The genetic diversity and population differentiation analysis showed that the mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)ranged from 0.16 to 0.24,while the mean polymorphic information content(PIC)ranged from 0.14 to 0.17,and mean minor allele frequency(MAF)ranged from 0.11 to 0.14.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that 81.38%of the total variance was derived from within populations,which suggested a rich genetic diversity in Hunan tea germplasms.Furthermore,a core tea germplasm set was developed,which was comprised of 22 tea plant accessions and maintained the whole genetic diversity of the entire collection.This work should be valuable for conservation and utilization of tea germplasm in Hunan。展开更多
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield.This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then...Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield.This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then explored the efects of emergency vaccination with Brucella abortus A19 vaccine on the incidence of abortion and milk yield.A full dose of vaccine(6×10^(10)—12×10^(10)colony forming units,CFU)was administered subcutaneously to calves and non-pregnant heifers,and a reduced dose(6×10^(8)—12×10^(8)CFU)to adult cows and pregnant replacement heifers.Rose Bengal Test was used to screen Brucella infection status and then positive samples were tested with a C-ELISA.Animals that tested positive for both tests were considered positive to Brucella spp.The animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis was 23.1%(95%CI:17.0,30.2),and the attributable fraction of abortions in seropositive animals was 89.1%(95%CI:64.3,96.7).The odds of seropositivity were signifcantly higher in cows that aborted compared to cows that calved normally(OR=21.4,95%CI:4.4,168.4).Cows in sheds A2 and C1 were 10.2(95%CI:1.4,128.0)and 17.0(95%CI:2.8,190.3)times more likely to be seropositive than cows in shed B1.Antibodies were not detectable in most heifers 12 months post-vaccination.The efectiveness of the vaccine in preventing abortions was estimated to be 56.8%(95%CI:15.8,77.8)for the entire herd,but increased to 86.7%(95%CI:4.4,98.1)when only primiparous heifers were considered.Furthermore,a signifcant increase in the average herd 305-day milk yield one-year after vaccination was also observed relative to that in the previous three years.It is concluded that emergency vaccination of a dairy herd undergoing an abortion outbreak with the A19 vaccine efectively reduced the incidence of abortion and indirectly increased milk yield one-year after vaccination.展开更多
A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the Salmonella infection status of dairy herds in Henan and Hubei provinces,China.Herds were assigned a Salmonella status based on the...A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the Salmonella infection status of dairy herds in Henan and Hubei provinces,China.Herds were assigned a Salmonella status based on the isolation of Salmonella from fecal samples obtained from adult lactating dairy cows.Information on potential biosecurity risk factors was collected using a questionnaire template via a 15-min face-to-face interview with dairy cattle producers from May 2020 to March 2021.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions across two broad categories of potential biosecurity risk factors:farm and biosecurity managemental factors.A total of 48 farms were surveyed.In all(100%,48/48)of the surveyed farms,although sick animals were separated from healthy animals using fencing,there were no strict quarantine protocols for newly introduced animals.Mixed species rearing was practiced in 35.4%(17/48)of the farms.Feces were removed more than once a day in 45.8%(22/48)of the farms,whereas the remainder(54.2%,26/48)only removed animal feces once a day.A total of 29.2%(14/48)of the farms were located<2 km from other livestock farms.The use of personal protective equipment was consistently performed on all farms,with a major-ity of the workers on most farms(81.3%,39/48)always disinfecting footwear before entering production areas.A significant association between Salmonella-positive status and the high frequency of the presence of wildlife(birds and rodents in sheds and feed storage places)was recorded(OR:11.9,95%Cl:1.7,84.1,p=0.013).Fortunately,no farms shared farm equipment with other farms.The study highlights the occurrence of wildlife as a risk factor for the presence of Salmonella in investigated dairy herds.There is a need to institute appropriate on-farm control measures for wild birds and rodents to control the potential spread of Salmonella in dairy production systems.展开更多
Objective： In this pictorial essay, we described the clinical, pathologic, and computed tomographic （CT） findings of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors （MGISTs） and attempt to establish the correlation bet...Objective： In this pictorial essay, we described the clinical, pathologic, and computed tomographic （CT） findings of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors （MGISTs） and attempt to establish the correlation between radiologic appearance and malignant potential. Methods： This retrospective analysis included 20 patients receiving treatment for MGIST between 2008 and 2010. The diagnosis was established by pathology and immunohistochemistry. All these patients underwent pre- operative CT. Clinical presentation, pathology and CT images were analyzed. Helical CT images were reviewed for morpho- logic features such as tumor size, number and location, tumor margins, necrosis, degree of enhancement and metastasis. Results： Gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain and discomfort, and without clinical symptom were common findings and were observed in 9 （45%）, 6 （30%）, and 5 （25%） of the 20 patients. 8 （40%） tumors were located in stomach, and 10 （50%）, 1 （5%） and 1 （5%） were located in small intestine, mesentery and peritoneum, respectively. Male to female ratio was about 1：2. The size of MGIST ranged from 2.6 cm to 17.5 cm with a mean of 8.7 cm. All tumors density was inhomogeneous and heterogeneous enhancement. MGISTs with highly malignant located in small intestine were about 30% higher than stomach. The ＂satellite＂ turnouts were found in 6 cases with high malignant risk. 7 cases were suffered from liver metastasis, and 4 cases went with seeding into the abdominal cavity, 1 cases went with lymph node metastasis. Histologically, 19 cases （95%） were of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated a strong positivity for both c-kit （CDl17） and CD34s enhancement in 19 （95%）. Conclusion： Clinical expression is varied in MGIST patients. Female might be predominance in MGIST. The GISTs located in small intestine would tend to be more aggressive. The satellite tumours, necrosis and cystic degeneration were strongly benefit for MGIST diagnosis. Furthermore, intestinal obstruction doesn＇t support the diagnosis. Lymph node metastasis and calcification is rare.展开更多
Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and ass...Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.展开更多
In this paper,an efficient Ge_(25)Sb_(10)S_(65)(GeSbS)-loaded erbium-doped lithium niobate waveguide amplifier is demonstrated.By dimensional optimization of the waveguide,an internal net gain of approximately 28 dB a...In this paper,an efficient Ge_(25)Sb_(10)S_(65)(GeSbS)-loaded erbium-doped lithium niobate waveguide amplifier is demonstrated.By dimensional optimization of the waveguide,an internal net gain of approximately 28 dB and a maximum on-chip output power of 8.2 dBm are demonstrated upon 1480 nm bidirectional pumping.Due to the improved optical mode field distribution within the active erbium-doped lithium niobate film and the mode overlap ratio between the pump and signal sources,a 15% high conversion efficiency can be achieved at a modest pump power of 45 mW.Furthermore,the noise figure of the amplifier can be maintained below 6 dB for low-input-signal power levels.Compared to state-of-the-art erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers(EDWAs),this heterogeneously integrated device shows superior gain performance at the desired optical C-band while avoiding the complex plasma etching process of lithium niobate,providing an inspirative solution for power compensation in the optical telecommunications.展开更多
To the Editor:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-mediated degradation process in eukaryotic cells that is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis under normal conditions.Autophagy involves the formatio...To the Editor:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-mediated degradation process in eukaryotic cells that is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis under normal conditions.Autophagy involves the formation of a crescent-shaped phagophore(or the isolation membrane[IM]),which expands and closes to form a double-membraned autophagosome.The autophagosome is delivered to the late endosome/lysosomes for degradation of the sequestrated materials.Autophagic dysfunction can cause tumors and neurodegenerative,cardiovascular,and autoimmune diseases.展开更多
In conventional tungsten oxide-based electrochromic batteries(ECBs),tungsten oxide acts as the cathode and Zn foil as the anode,but low redox potential leads to a limited discharge plateau,low areal capacitance,and po...In conventional tungsten oxide-based electrochromic batteries(ECBs),tungsten oxide acts as the cathode and Zn foil as the anode,but low redox potential leads to a limited discharge plateau,low areal capacitance,and power density,restricting practical applications.In this study,a novel WO_(3)||acid-modified graphite foil(WO_(3)||AGF)ECB was developed using AGF as the cathode,WO_(3) as the anode,and a hybrid Zn^(2+)/Al^(3+)electrolyte.The AGF offers advantages,such as high ion storage capacity,fast kinetics,and a high electrode potential,ensuring a high discharge voltage and capacity for the WO_(3)||AGF ECB.The prepared WO_(3)||AGF ECB not only exhibits excellent electrochromic performance but also demonstrates superior energy storage capabilities.At a charge/discharge current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(-2),the WO_(3)||AGF ECB achieves a stable discharge capacity of 315.6 mAh·m^(-2),which is 7.8 times higher than that of the traditional Zn||WO_(3) ECB.Moreover,the rapid ion diffusion kinetics of the AGF ensure the cycling stability of the device at high voltages,maintaining 94.4%optical modulation after 8000 coloring/bleaching cycles.This work provides a novel approach by designing more compatible electrode material systems to achieve ECBs with high energy and power densities.展开更多
Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the deve...Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the developmental process and iNKT1 lineage diversification in the thymus remains elusive.We report in the present study a crucial role of programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)in iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate determination.Mice with T cell-specific deletion of PDCD5 had decreased numbers of thymic and peripheral iNKT cells with a predominantly immature phenotype and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Loss of PDCD5 also selectively abolished the iNKT1 lineage by reducing T-bet expression in iNKT cells at an early thymic developmental stage(before CD44 upregulation).We further demonstrated that TOX2,one of the high mobility group proteins that was highly expressed in iNKT cells at stage 1 and could be stabilized by PDCD5,promoted the permissive histone H3K4me3 modification in the promoter region of Tbx21.These data indicate a pivotal and unique role of PDCD5/TOX2 in iNKT1 lineage determination.They also suggest that the fate of iNKT1 may be programmed at the developmental stage of iNKT cells in the thymus.展开更多
Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. However, the anti-inflammatory/i...Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. However, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. Here, we uncovered, unexpectedly, desialylated platelets (dPLTs) down-regulated immune responses against both platelet-associated and -independent antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, we tracked dPLT trafficking to gut vasculature and an exclusive Kupffer cell-mediated dPLT clearance in the liver, a process that we identified to be synergistically dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of dPLT potentiated a systemic immunosuppressive state with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating CD4+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell depletion. Last, in a clinically relevant model of hemophilia A, presensitization with dPLT attenuated anti-factor VIII antibody production after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet desialylation commonly occurs in daily-aged and activated platelets, these findings open new avenues toward understanding immune homeostasis and potentiate the therapeutic potential of dPLT and engineered dPLT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune diseases.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(#2022YFD1800701)the Key Research and Development Program of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(#2021BEF02028)the Chinese Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(#CARS-37).
文摘Lumpy skin disease(LSD)is a highly contagious disease caused by lumpy skin disease virus(LSDV)in bovines.Rapid and accurate diagnosis is very important to controll it.However,current commercial detection kits need to be improved in terms of sensitivity or specificity.This study aimed to develop a novel diagnostic competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(cELISA)based on the newly identified antigen gene LSDV034.The rLSDV034 protein was identified as a potential diagnostic antigen,and it was expressed,purified,and used to immunize BALB/c mice.Using laboratory-prepared indirect ELISA(iELISA),the positive cell lines were screened,and their blocking activity was further verified by competitive ELISA(cELISA).The cell line,1H7,was chosen to produce mouse ascites,which were purified for a monoclonal antibody(mAb,5.395 mg/mL).The heavy chain type of the 1H7 mAb was identified as IgG1a,and its light chain subtype was identified as κ.Furthermore,cELISA was developed to detect bovine serum antibodies,with rLSDV034(4μg/mL)as the coating antigen and HRP-1H7 mAb(1:300)as the competitive antibody.The cutoff value of cELISA was 55%,based on 32 negative bovine serum samples.The analytical sensitivity was 1:8,and no cross-reaction was detected with bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV),infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus(IBRV),Pasteurella multocida(P.multocida),or Mycoplasma bovis(M.bovis)from the serum samples.The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of cELISA were 98.46%(95%confidence interval,CI:91.7–100)and 100%(95%CI:89.1–100),respectively,based on the analysis of 30 LSDV-infected bovine serum samples,35 GTPV-vaccinated samples,and 32 negative samples.The overall coincidence of the cELISA with the virus neutralization test(VNT)reached 98.97%(95%CI:94.4–100).Furthermore,we used cELISA to analyze 230 clinical bovine serum samples(including 59 infected and 171 vaccinated samples)and found that the serum positivity rates of the immunized samples(on d 60 postimmunization)and infected samples were 77.78%(95%CI:70.8–83.8%)and 71.19%(95%CI:57.9–82.2),respectively.These results indicate that the developed cELISA is promising for detecting serum antibodies in naturally infected or vaccinated cattle.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation of nurses’participant activation for self-management of low back pain,analyze its influencing factors,and provide a reference for improving the participant activation for self-management of low back pain.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,120 nurses recruited through convenience sampling from hospitals across 25 provinces and municipalities in China.Participants completed two standardized instruments:General Information Questionnaire which collected demographic characteristics and work-related factors,and the Participant Activation for Self-Management of Back Pain Questionnaire which measured activation levels across three dimensions(including self-management beliefs,self-management awareness,and knowledge related to low back pain).Results:The score of nurses’participant activation for low back pain self-management was 38.00(33.00,44.00).The results of multiple linear regression showed that nurses of different gender,age,and professional titles,whether they had administrative positions,and whether they had back pain in the past year were influencing factors of nurses’participant activation for low back pain management.Conclusion:The overall participant activation for self-management of low back pain is at a medium level.Their self-management awareness is strong,but their beliefs about management of low back pain are insufficient.Targeted intervention measures can be taken to improve their activation for management of back pain and reduce the incidence of occupational low back pain.
基金The Central Government Guides Local Funds(2019XF5041)Hunan Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(2020CX035)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172629,U19A2030,31670689)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2020JJ4358)Hunan Provincial Seed Industry Innovation Project(2021NK1008).
文摘Tea is considered to be a well-known and widely consumed beverage and Hunan province is rich in tea plant germplasm.In order to better conserve and utilize Hunan tea plant resources,110 tea accessions from seven geographical origins were used to assess genetic diversity of Hunan tea plant germplasm through genotyping by sequencing(GBS)technology.As a result,a total of 311,044 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers were obtained.Population structure,phylogenetic relationships and principal component analysis(PCA)divided the entire accessions into three groups.The genetic diversity and population differentiation analysis showed that the mean observed heterozygosity(Ho)ranged from 0.16 to 0.24,while the mean polymorphic information content(PIC)ranged from 0.14 to 0.17,and mean minor allele frequency(MAF)ranged from 0.11 to 0.14.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that 81.38%of the total variance was derived from within populations,which suggested a rich genetic diversity in Hunan tea germplasms.Furthermore,a core tea germplasm set was developed,which was comprised of 22 tea plant accessions and maintained the whole genetic diversity of the entire collection.This work should be valuable for conservation and utilization of tea germplasm in Hunan。
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(Beef/Yaks)(#CARS-37)National Science Foundation of Hubei Province(#2021CFA016).
文摘Brucellosis is an important zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses to the livestock industry through abortions and reduced milk yield.This study investigated an abortion outbreak in a dairy herd and then explored the efects of emergency vaccination with Brucella abortus A19 vaccine on the incidence of abortion and milk yield.A full dose of vaccine(6×10^(10)—12×10^(10)colony forming units,CFU)was administered subcutaneously to calves and non-pregnant heifers,and a reduced dose(6×10^(8)—12×10^(8)CFU)to adult cows and pregnant replacement heifers.Rose Bengal Test was used to screen Brucella infection status and then positive samples were tested with a C-ELISA.Animals that tested positive for both tests were considered positive to Brucella spp.The animal-level seroprevalence of brucellosis was 23.1%(95%CI:17.0,30.2),and the attributable fraction of abortions in seropositive animals was 89.1%(95%CI:64.3,96.7).The odds of seropositivity were signifcantly higher in cows that aborted compared to cows that calved normally(OR=21.4,95%CI:4.4,168.4).Cows in sheds A2 and C1 were 10.2(95%CI:1.4,128.0)and 17.0(95%CI:2.8,190.3)times more likely to be seropositive than cows in shed B1.Antibodies were not detectable in most heifers 12 months post-vaccination.The efectiveness of the vaccine in preventing abortions was estimated to be 56.8%(95%CI:15.8,77.8)for the entire herd,but increased to 86.7%(95%CI:4.4,98.1)when only primiparous heifers were considered.Furthermore,a signifcant increase in the average herd 305-day milk yield one-year after vaccination was also observed relative to that in the previous three years.It is concluded that emergency vaccination of a dairy herd undergoing an abortion outbreak with the A19 vaccine efectively reduced the incidence of abortion and indirectly increased milk yield one-year after vaccination.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFA016)the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System(Beef/Yaks)(#CARS-37).
文摘A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the Salmonella infection status of dairy herds in Henan and Hubei provinces,China.Herds were assigned a Salmonella status based on the isolation of Salmonella from fecal samples obtained from adult lactating dairy cows.Information on potential biosecurity risk factors was collected using a questionnaire template via a 15-min face-to-face interview with dairy cattle producers from May 2020 to March 2021.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions across two broad categories of potential biosecurity risk factors:farm and biosecurity managemental factors.A total of 48 farms were surveyed.In all(100%,48/48)of the surveyed farms,although sick animals were separated from healthy animals using fencing,there were no strict quarantine protocols for newly introduced animals.Mixed species rearing was practiced in 35.4%(17/48)of the farms.Feces were removed more than once a day in 45.8%(22/48)of the farms,whereas the remainder(54.2%,26/48)only removed animal feces once a day.A total of 29.2%(14/48)of the farms were located<2 km from other livestock farms.The use of personal protective equipment was consistently performed on all farms,with a major-ity of the workers on most farms(81.3%,39/48)always disinfecting footwear before entering production areas.A significant association between Salmonella-positive status and the high frequency of the presence of wildlife(birds and rodents in sheds and feed storage places)was recorded(OR:11.9,95%Cl:1.7,84.1,p=0.013).Fortunately,no farms shared farm equipment with other farms.The study highlights the occurrence of wildlife as a risk factor for the presence of Salmonella in investigated dairy herds.There is a need to institute appropriate on-farm control measures for wild birds and rodents to control the potential spread of Salmonella in dairy production systems.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key program, No. 30930027)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 8151503102000032)
文摘Objective： In this pictorial essay, we described the clinical, pathologic, and computed tomographic （CT） findings of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors （MGISTs） and attempt to establish the correlation between radiologic appearance and malignant potential. Methods： This retrospective analysis included 20 patients receiving treatment for MGIST between 2008 and 2010. The diagnosis was established by pathology and immunohistochemistry. All these patients underwent pre- operative CT. Clinical presentation, pathology and CT images were analyzed. Helical CT images were reviewed for morpho- logic features such as tumor size, number and location, tumor margins, necrosis, degree of enhancement and metastasis. Results： Gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain and discomfort, and without clinical symptom were common findings and were observed in 9 （45%）, 6 （30%）, and 5 （25%） of the 20 patients. 8 （40%） tumors were located in stomach, and 10 （50%）, 1 （5%） and 1 （5%） were located in small intestine, mesentery and peritoneum, respectively. Male to female ratio was about 1：2. The size of MGIST ranged from 2.6 cm to 17.5 cm with a mean of 8.7 cm. All tumors density was inhomogeneous and heterogeneous enhancement. MGISTs with highly malignant located in small intestine were about 30% higher than stomach. The ＂satellite＂ turnouts were found in 6 cases with high malignant risk. 7 cases were suffered from liver metastasis, and 4 cases went with seeding into the abdominal cavity, 1 cases went with lymph node metastasis. Histologically, 19 cases （95%） were of spindle cell type. Immunohistochemical stains demonstrated a strong positivity for both c-kit （CDl17） and CD34s enhancement in 19 （95%）. Conclusion： Clinical expression is varied in MGIST patients. Female might be predominance in MGIST. The GISTs located in small intestine would tend to be more aggressive. The satellite tumours, necrosis and cystic degeneration were strongly benefit for MGIST diagnosis. Furthermore, intestinal obstruction doesn＇t support the diagnosis. Lymph node metastasis and calcification is rare.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20259)National Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2021BEF02028)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFA016)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA and Basic and technical innovation team for prevention and control of bovine disease.
文摘Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2805100)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515110068)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62475296).
文摘In this paper,an efficient Ge_(25)Sb_(10)S_(65)(GeSbS)-loaded erbium-doped lithium niobate waveguide amplifier is demonstrated.By dimensional optimization of the waveguide,an internal net gain of approximately 28 dB and a maximum on-chip output power of 8.2 dBm are demonstrated upon 1480 nm bidirectional pumping.Due to the improved optical mode field distribution within the active erbium-doped lithium niobate film and the mode overlap ratio between the pump and signal sources,a 15% high conversion efficiency can be achieved at a modest pump power of 45 mW.Furthermore,the noise figure of the amplifier can be maintained below 6 dB for low-input-signal power levels.Compared to state-of-the-art erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers(EDWAs),this heterogeneously integrated device shows superior gain performance at the desired optical C-band while avoiding the complex plasma etching process of lithium niobate,providing an inspirative solution for power compensation in the optical telecommunications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91954116)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730128)the Key Support Project of Guo Zhong Health Care of China General Technology Group(No.GZKJ-KJXXQTHT-20230626).
文摘To the Editor:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-mediated degradation process in eukaryotic cells that is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis under normal conditions.Autophagy involves the formation of a crescent-shaped phagophore(or the isolation membrane[IM]),which expands and closes to form a double-membraned autophagosome.The autophagosome is delivered to the late endosome/lysosomes for degradation of the sequestrated materials.Autophagic dysfunction can cause tumors and neurodegenerative,cardiovascular,and autoimmune diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52462040 and 52172299)Hainan Province“Nanhai New Star”Science and Technology Innovation Talent Platform Program(No.NHXXRCXM202304)+6 种基金Innovation Team of Universities of Guangdong Province(No.2022KCXTD030)the“Targeted Technology Innovation Initiative”Project at the Foshan National Institute of Innovation(No.JBGS2024002)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20250029)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025M770830)S.C.would like to acknowledge the support from the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.320GJHZ2023011MI)Suzhou Industrial Science and Technology Program(No.SYC2022036)High-end Talents Program of Jiangxi Province(No.jxsq2023101113).
文摘In conventional tungsten oxide-based electrochromic batteries(ECBs),tungsten oxide acts as the cathode and Zn foil as the anode,but low redox potential leads to a limited discharge plateau,low areal capacitance,and power density,restricting practical applications.In this study,a novel WO_(3)||acid-modified graphite foil(WO_(3)||AGF)ECB was developed using AGF as the cathode,WO_(3) as the anode,and a hybrid Zn^(2+)/Al^(3+)electrolyte.The AGF offers advantages,such as high ion storage capacity,fast kinetics,and a high electrode potential,ensuring a high discharge voltage and capacity for the WO_(3)||AGF ECB.The prepared WO_(3)||AGF ECB not only exhibits excellent electrochromic performance but also demonstrates superior energy storage capabilities.At a charge/discharge current density of 0.5 mA·cm^(-2),the WO_(3)||AGF ECB achieves a stable discharge capacity of 315.6 mAh·m^(-2),which is 7.8 times higher than that of the traditional Zn||WO_(3) ECB.Moreover,the rapid ion diffusion kinetics of the AGF ensure the cycling stability of the device at high voltages,maintaining 94.4%optical modulation after 8000 coloring/bleaching cycles.This work provides a novel approach by designing more compatible electrode material systems to achieve ECBs with high energy and power densities.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China,2017YFA0104500(Q.G.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,81471525 and 31671244(Q.G.),31470843(J.Z.),31370898(Y.C.)+2 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,81621001(Q.G.)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,NCET-13-0018(J.Z.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Invariant natural killer T1(iNKT1)cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet(encoded by Tbx21)and the production of cytokine IFN-γ,but the relationship between the developmental process and iNKT1 lineage diversification in the thymus remains elusive.We report in the present study a crucial role of programmed cell death 5(PDCD5)in iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate determination.Mice with T cell-specific deletion of PDCD5 had decreased numbers of thymic and peripheral iNKT cells with a predominantly immature phenotype and defects in response toα-galactosylceramide.Loss of PDCD5 also selectively abolished the iNKT1 lineage by reducing T-bet expression in iNKT cells at an early thymic developmental stage(before CD44 upregulation).We further demonstrated that TOX2,one of the high mobility group proteins that was highly expressed in iNKT cells at stage 1 and could be stabilized by PDCD5,promoted the permissive histone H3K4me3 modification in the promoter region of Tbx21.These data indicate a pivotal and unique role of PDCD5/TOX2 in iNKT1 lineage determination.They also suggest that the fate of iNKT1 may be programmed at the developmental stage of iNKT cells in the thymus.
基金Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation grant (389035) (to H.N.)Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR projects: MOP 97918 and MOP 119540) (to H.N.)+5 种基金CIHR-Canadian Blood Services Partnership (to H.N.)Canadian Blood Services Intramural Grant (to H.N.)the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (to H.N.)the National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL-102035 (to Q.S.)Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer (MACC) Fund (to Q.S.)J.L. is a recipient of Graduate Fellowship from Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, and D.K. is a recipient of a St. Michael's Hospital Research Training Centre (RTC) Scholarship, and Queen Elizabeth II (QE-II) Graduate Scholarship.
文摘Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. However, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. Here, we uncovered, unexpectedly, desialylated platelets (dPLTs) down-regulated immune responses against both platelet-associated and -independent antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, we tracked dPLT trafficking to gut vasculature and an exclusive Kupffer cell-mediated dPLT clearance in the liver, a process that we identified to be synergistically dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of dPLT potentiated a systemic immunosuppressive state with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating CD4+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell depletion. Last, in a clinically relevant model of hemophilia A, presensitization with dPLT attenuated anti-factor VIII antibody production after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet desialylation commonly occurs in daily-aged and activated platelets, these findings open new avenues toward understanding immune homeostasis and potentiate the therapeutic potential of dPLT and engineered dPLT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune diseases.
