Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomat...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit yield.It is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant thermotolerance.In this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower buds.Red and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related pathways.By focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and SlNAM.Furthermore,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in tomato.Lastly,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in plants.These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.展开更多
Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina...Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina,PacBio and Hi-C technologies.We combined PacBio full-length RNA-seq,metabolomic analysis,structural anatomy analysis and related physiological indexes to elucidate the important agronomic traits of M.polymorpha for forage and vegetable usage.The assembled M.polymorpha genome consisted of 457.53Mb with a long scaffold N50 of 57.72Mb,and 92.92%(441.83Mb)of the assembly was assigned to seven pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that expansion and contraction of the photosynthesis and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,led to enhancement of nutritious compounds and reduced lignin biosynthesis in M.polymorpha.In addition,we found that several positively selected nitrogen metabolism-related genes were responsible for crude protein biosynthesis.Notably,the metabolomic results revealed that a large number of flavonoids,vitamins,alkaloids,and terpenoids were enriched in M.polymorpha.These results imply that the decreased lignin content but relatively high nutrient content of M.polymorpha enhance its edibility and nutritional value as a forage and vegetable.Our genomic data provide a genetic basis that will accelerate functional genomic and breeding research on M.polymorpha as well as other Medicago and legume plants.展开更多
Traditional optical fiber communication encryption methods lack sufficient dynamic adaptability and hardware flexibility,while reconfigurable logic gates can overcome this limitation,thereby significantly improving th...Traditional optical fiber communication encryption methods lack sufficient dynamic adaptability and hardware flexibility,while reconfigurable logic gates can overcome this limitation,thereby significantly improving the flexibility of encryption systems.This study reports a reconfigurable optoelectronic logic gate(OELG)system based on hafnium-zirconium oxide(HZO)ferroelectric thin films.Through ultra-low temperature atomic layer deposition technique,the fabricated HZO thin films demonstrate an exceptional pyroelectric coefficient(1835.91μC m^(−2)K^(-1))and robust multi-level polarization stability,enabling efficient broadband photon-to-current conversion.By leveraging the pyroelectric effect and tunable polarization states,the OELG device achieves dynamic optical signal modulation and logic processing.The OELG device supports five fundamental logic operations(AND,OR,NAND,NOR,NOT)via electrical bias and polarization control,without requiring hardware modifications.The OELG device demonstrates stable performance over 109 cycles with no degradation,meeting practical application requirements.Furthermore,a convolutional neural network(CNN)-integrated image encryption-decryption framework was validated,achieving 95.01%recognition accuracy on decrypted data,while unauthorized decryption attempts resulted in significant feature loss.This study addresses security challenges in optical communication networks by proposing an innovative solution that integrates pyroelectric materials with reconfigurable logic gate technology,offering a new pathway to enhance physical-layer security.展开更多
This work presents a high-stability self-rectifying memristor(SRM)array based on the Pt/TaO_(x)/Ti structure,with an indepth investigation of the performance and potential applications of the device.The device demonst...This work presents a high-stability self-rectifying memristor(SRM)array based on the Pt/TaO_(x)/Ti structure,with an indepth investigation of the performance and potential applications of the device.The device demonstrates excellent rectification and on/off ratios,along with low-power readout,multi-state storage,and multi-level switching capabilities,highlighting its practicality and adaptability.Notably,the device exhibits outstanding fluctuation suppression and exceptional uniformity.The coefficient of variation(CV)of the rectification ratio,calculated as 0.11497 at 3 V,indicates its high stability under multiple cycles and low-voltage operation,making it well-suited for large-scale integration and operational applications.Moreover,the stability of the rectification ratio further reinforces its potential as a hardware foundation for large-scale inmemory computing systems.By combining the neuromorphic characteristics of the device with a simulated annealing algorithm and optimizing the annealing temperature function,the system emulates biological neuron behavior,enabling fast and efficient image restoration tasks.Experimental results demonstrate that this approach significantly outperforms traditional algorithms in both optimization speed and repair accuracy.The present study offers a novel perspective for the design of in-memory computing hardware and showcases promising applications in neuromorphic computing and image processing.展开更多
In this work,a multi-stage material design framework combining machine learning techniques with density functional theory is established to reveal the mechanism of phase stabilization in HfO_(2)based ferroelectric mat...In this work,a multi-stage material design framework combining machine learning techniques with density functional theory is established to reveal the mechanism of phase stabilization in HfO_(2)based ferroelectric materials.The ferroelectric phase fractions based on a more stringent relationship of phase energy differences is proposed as an evaluation criterion for the ferroelectric performance of hafnium-based materials.Based on the Boltzmann distribution theory,the abstract phase energy difference is converted into an intuitive phase fraction distribution mapping.A large-scale prediction of unknown dopants is conducted within the material design framework,and gallium(Ga)is identified as a new dopant for HfO_(2).Both experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ga is an excellent dopant for ferroelectric hafnium oxide,especially,the experimentally determined variation trends of ferroelectric phase fraction and polarization properties with Ga doping concentration are in good agreement with the predictions given by machine learning.This work provides a new perspective from machine learning to deepen the understanding of the ferroelectric properties of HfO_(2)materials,offering fresh insights into the design and performance prediction of HfO_(2)ferroelectric thin films.展开更多
Constrained by the inefficiency of traditional trial-and-error methods,especially when dealing with thousands of candidate materials,the swift discovery of materials with specific properties remains a central challeng...Constrained by the inefficiency of traditional trial-and-error methods,especially when dealing with thousands of candidate materials,the swift discovery of materials with specific properties remains a central challenge in contemporary materials research.This study employed an artificial intelligencedriven materials design framework for identifying dopants that impart antiferroelectric properties to HfO_(2)materials.This strategy integrates density functional theory(DFT)with machine learning(ML)techniques to swiftly screen HfO_(2)materials exhibiting stable antiferroelectric properties based on the critical electric field.This approach aims to overcome the high cost and lengthy cycles associated with traditional trial-and-error and experimental methods.Among 30 undeveloped dopants,four candidate dopants demonstrating stable antiferroelectric properties were identified.Subsequent DFT analysis highlighted the Ga dopant,which displayed favorable characteristics such as a small volume change,minimal lattice deformation,and a low critical electric field after incorporation into hafnium oxide.These findings suggest the potential for stable antiferroelectric performance.Essentially,we established a correlation between the physical characteristics of hafnium oxide dopants and their antiferroelectric performance.The approach facilitates large-scale ML predictions,rendering it applicable to a broad spectrum of functional material designs.展开更多
Detecting protein-protein interactions(PPIs) provides fundamental information for understanding biochemical processes such as the transduction of signals from one cellular location to another; however, traditional bio...Detecting protein-protein interactions(PPIs) provides fundamental information for understanding biochemical processes such as the transduction of signals from one cellular location to another; however, traditional biochemical techniques cannot provide sufficient spatio-temporal information to elucidate these molecular interactions in living cells. Over the past decade, several new techniques have enabled the identification and characterization of PPIs. In this review, we summarize three main techniques for detecting PPIs in vivo, focusing on their basic principles and applications in biological studies. We place a special emphasis on their advantages and limitations, and, in particular, we introduced some uncommon new techniques, such as single-molecule FRET(smFRET), FRET-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FRET-FLIM), cytoskeleton-based assay for protein-protein interaction(CAPPI) and single-molecule protein proximity index(smPPI), highlighting recent improvements to the established techniques. We hope that this review will provide a valuable reference to enable researchers to select the most appropriate technique for detecting PPIs.展开更多
Improvements in plant architecture,such as reduced plant height under high-density planting,are important for agricultural production.Light and gibberellin(GA)are essential external and internal cues that affect plant...Improvements in plant architecture,such as reduced plant height under high-density planting,are important for agricultural production.Light and gibberellin(GA)are essential external and internal cues that affect plant architecture.In this study,we characterize the direct interaction of distinct receptors that link light and GA signaling in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).We show that the light receptor CRY1 represses GA signaling through interaction with all five DELLA proteins and promotion of RGA protein accumulation in Arabidopsis.Genetic analysis shows that CRY1-mediated growth repression is achieved by means of the DELLA proteins.Interestingly,we find that CRY1 also directly interacts with the GA receptor GID1 to competitively inhibit the GID1-GAI interaction.We also show that overexpression of TaCRY1a reduces plant height and coleoptile growth in wheat and that TaCRY1a interacts with both TaGID1 and Rht1 to competitively attenuate the TaGID1-Rht1 interaction.Based on these findings,we propose that the photoreceptor CRY1 competitively inhibits the GID1-DELLA interaction,thereby stabilizing DELLA proteins and enhancing their repression of plant growth.展开更多
MED25 has been implicated as a negative regulator of the abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.However,it is unclear whether other Mediator subunits could associate with MED25 to participate in the ABA response.Here,we ...MED25 has been implicated as a negative regulator of the abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.However,it is unclear whether other Mediator subunits could associate with MED25 to participate in the ABA response.Here,we used affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry to uncover Mediator subunits that associate with MED25 in transgenic plants.We found that at least26 Mediator subunits,belonging to the head,middle,tail,and CDK8 kinase modules,were copurified with MED25 in vivo.Interestingly,the tail module subunit MED16 was identified to associate with MED25 under both mock and ABA treatments.We further showed that the disruption of MED16 led to reduced ABA sensitivity compared to the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis revealedthattheexpressionofseveral ABA-responsive genes was significantly lower in med16 than those in wild type.Furthermore,we discovered that MED16 may possibly compete with MED25 to interact with the key transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE 5(ABI5)to positively regulate ABA signaling.Consistently,med16 and med25 mutants displayed opposite phenotypes in ABA response,cuticle permeability,and differential ABI5-mediated EM1 and EM6 expression.Together,our data indicate that MED16 and MED25 differentially regulate ABA signaling byantagonisticallyaffectingABI5-mediated transcription in Arabidopsis.展开更多
A layered oxide Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was synthesized by an oxalate co- precipitation method. The morphology, structural and composition of the as-papered samples synthesized at different calcination temperatures were...A layered oxide Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was synthesized by an oxalate co- precipitation method. The morphology, structural and composition of the as-papered samples synthesized at different calcination temperatures were investigated. The results indicate that calcination temperature of the sample at 850℃ can improve the integrity of structural significantly. The effect of calcination temperature varying from 750℃ to 950℃ on the electrochemical performance of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2, cathode material of lithiumion batteries, has been investigated. The results show that Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 calcined at 850℃ possesses a higher capacity retention and better rate capability than other samples. The reversible capacity is up to 178.6 mA.h.g-1, and the discharge capacity still remains 176.3 mA-h.g-1 after 30 cycles. Moreover, our strategy provides a simple and highly versatile route in fabricating cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
MYB-related genes,a subclass of MYB transcription factor family,have been documented to play important roles in biological processes such as secondary metabolism and stress responses that affect plant growth and devel...MYB-related genes,a subclass of MYB transcription factor family,have been documented to play important roles in biological processes such as secondary metabolism and stress responses that affect plant growth and development.However,the regulatory roles of MYB-related genes in drought stress response remain unclear in maize.In this study,we discovered that a 1R-MYB gene,ZmRL6,encodes a 96-amino acid protein and is highly drought-inducible.We also found that it is conserved in both barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)and Aegilops tauschii.Furthermore,we observed that overexpression of ZmRL6 can enhance drought tolerance while knock-out of ZmRL6 by CRISPR-Cas9 results in drought hypersensitivity.DAP-seq analyses additionally revealed the ZmRL6 target genes mainly contain ACC GTT,TTA CCA AAC and AGC CCG AG motifs in their promoters.By combining RNA-seq and DAP-seq results together,we subsequently identified eight novel target genes of ZmRL6 that are involved in maize’s hormone signal transduction,sugar metabolism,lignin synthesis,and redox signaling/oxidative stress.Collectively,our data provided insights into the roles of ZmRL6 in maize’s drought response.展开更多
The sucrose non-fermenting 1(SNF1)-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members have been discovered to regulate abiotic stress response via the abscisic acid(ABA)-independent and dependent signaling pathways.SnRK2.6...The sucrose non-fermenting 1(SNF1)-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members have been discovered to regulate abiotic stress response via the abscisic acid(ABA)-independent and dependent signaling pathways.SnRK2.6,also known as Open Stomata 1(OST1),is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays critical roles in linking ABA receptor complexes and downstream components such as transcription factors and anion channels to regulate stress response.Asides from its well-known regulatory roles in stomatal movement and cold stress response,OST1 has also been demonstrated recently to modulate major developmental roles of flowering and growth in plants.In this review,we will discuss about the various roles of OST1 as well as the‘doors’that OST1 can‘open’to help plants perform stress adaptation.Therefore,we will address how OST1 can regulate stomata apertures,cold stress tolerance as well as other aspects of its emerging roles such as balancing flowering and root growth in response to drought.展开更多
Jasminum sambac(jasmine flower),a world-renowned plant appreciated for its exceptional flower fragrance,is of cultural and economic importance.However,the genetic basis of its fragrance is largely unknown.Here,we pres...Jasminum sambac(jasmine flower),a world-renowned plant appreciated for its exceptional flower fragrance,is of cultural and economic importance.However,the genetic basis of its fragrance is largely unknown.Here,we present the first de novo genome assembly of J.sambac with 550.12 Mb(scaffold N50=40.10 Mb)assembled into 13 pseudochromosomes.Terpene synthase(TPS)genes associated with flower fragrance are considerably amplified in the form of gene clusters through tandem duplications in the genome.Gene clusters within the salicylic acid/benzoic acid/theobromine(SABATH)and benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase/anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases/anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase/deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase(BAHD)superfamilies were identified to be related to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds.Several key genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis were duplicated,causing an increase in copy numbers.In addition,multi-omics analyses identified various aromatic compounds and many genes involved in fragrance biosynthesis pathways.Furthermore,the roles of JsTPS3 in b-ocimene biosynthesis,as well as JsAOC1 and JsAOS in jasmonic acid biosynthesis,were functionally validated.The genome assembled in this study for J.sambac offers a basic genetic resource for studying floral scent and jasmonate biosynthesis,and provides a foundation for functional genomic research and variety improvements in Jasminum.展开更多
Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering.Flowering in the right place,at the right time,ensures maximal reproductive success for plants.Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a s...Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering.Flowering in the right place,at the right time,ensures maximal reproductive success for plants.Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a stress coping/survival strategy and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process require further studies to enhance the crop's salt tolerance ability.A nuclear pore complex(NPC)component,HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1(HOS1),has been recognized as a negative regulator of plant cold responses and flowering.Here,we challenged the role of HOS1 in regulating flowering in response to salinity stress.Interestingly,we discovered that HOS1 can directly interact with and ubiquitinate transcription factor SPL9(SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9)to promote its protein degradation in response to salinity stress.Moreover,we demonstrated that HOS1 and SPL9 antagonistically regulate plant flowering under both normal and salt stress conditions.HOS1 was further shown to negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and several key flowering genes in response to salinity stress.These results jointly revealed that HOS1 is an important integrator in the process of modulating salinity-delayed flowering,thus offering new perspectives on a salinity stress coping strategy of plants.展开更多
Dear Editor,Gene regulation in model organisms is critical for gene function analysis and is thus essential for human health and agricultural production. Therefore, several molecular tools have been developed to regul...Dear Editor,Gene regulation in model organisms is critical for gene function analysis and is thus essential for human health and agricultural production. Therefore, several molecular tools have been developed to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In recent years, the transcription activator-like effector （TALE）, which is predominantly found in Xanthomonas.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072571)the 111 Project(Grant No.B17043)the Construction of Beijing Science,and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant No.CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in worldwide.The fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit yield.It is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant thermotolerance.In this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower buds.Red and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related pathways.By focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and SlNAM.Furthermore,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in tomato.Lastly,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in plants.These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.
基金the Graduate Student Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX20_2992).
文摘Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina,PacBio and Hi-C technologies.We combined PacBio full-length RNA-seq,metabolomic analysis,structural anatomy analysis and related physiological indexes to elucidate the important agronomic traits of M.polymorpha for forage and vegetable usage.The assembled M.polymorpha genome consisted of 457.53Mb with a long scaffold N50 of 57.72Mb,and 92.92%(441.83Mb)of the assembly was assigned to seven pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that expansion and contraction of the photosynthesis and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,led to enhancement of nutritious compounds and reduced lignin biosynthesis in M.polymorpha.In addition,we found that several positively selected nitrogen metabolism-related genes were responsible for crude protein biosynthesis.Notably,the metabolomic results revealed that a large number of flavonoids,vitamins,alkaloids,and terpenoids were enriched in M.polymorpha.These results imply that the decreased lignin content but relatively high nutrient content of M.polymorpha enhance its edibility and nutritional value as a forage and vegetable.Our genomic data provide a genetic basis that will accelerate functional genomic and breeding research on M.polymorpha as well as other Medicago and legume plants.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB4000800)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2025JJ60351,2023JJ30599,2023JJ50009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20322)。
文摘Traditional optical fiber communication encryption methods lack sufficient dynamic adaptability and hardware flexibility,while reconfigurable logic gates can overcome this limitation,thereby significantly improving the flexibility of encryption systems.This study reports a reconfigurable optoelectronic logic gate(OELG)system based on hafnium-zirconium oxide(HZO)ferroelectric thin films.Through ultra-low temperature atomic layer deposition technique,the fabricated HZO thin films demonstrate an exceptional pyroelectric coefficient(1835.91μC m^(−2)K^(-1))and robust multi-level polarization stability,enabling efficient broadband photon-to-current conversion.By leveraging the pyroelectric effect and tunable polarization states,the OELG device achieves dynamic optical signal modulation and logic processing.The OELG device supports five fundamental logic operations(AND,OR,NAND,NOR,NOT)via electrical bias and polarization control,without requiring hardware modifications.The OELG device demonstrates stable performance over 109 cycles with no degradation,meeting practical application requirements.Furthermore,a convolutional neural network(CNN)-integrated image encryption-decryption framework was validated,achieving 95.01%recognition accuracy on decrypted data,while unauthorized decryption attempts resulted in significant feature loss.This study addresses security challenges in optical communication networks by proposing an innovative solution that integrates pyroelectric materials with reconfigurable logic gate technology,offering a new pathway to enhance physical-layer security.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20322)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFF0719600,2021YFA1202600,and 2021YFB4000800)+4 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-113)the Ningbo Technology Project(No.2022A-007-C)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2023JJ50009,2025JJ60351,and 2023JJ30599)the Foundation of Innovation Center of Radiation Application(No.KFZC2023020701)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform Project of Hunan Province(No.2024JC1003).
文摘This work presents a high-stability self-rectifying memristor(SRM)array based on the Pt/TaO_(x)/Ti structure,with an indepth investigation of the performance and potential applications of the device.The device demonstrates excellent rectification and on/off ratios,along with low-power readout,multi-state storage,and multi-level switching capabilities,highlighting its practicality and adaptability.Notably,the device exhibits outstanding fluctuation suppression and exceptional uniformity.The coefficient of variation(CV)of the rectification ratio,calculated as 0.11497 at 3 V,indicates its high stability under multiple cycles and low-voltage operation,making it well-suited for large-scale integration and operational applications.Moreover,the stability of the rectification ratio further reinforces its potential as a hardware foundation for large-scale inmemory computing systems.By combining the neuromorphic characteristics of the device with a simulated annealing algorithm and optimizing the annealing temperature function,the system emulates biological neuron behavior,enabling fast and efficient image restoration tasks.Experimental results demonstrate that this approach significantly outperforms traditional algorithms in both optimization speed and repair accuracy.The present study offers a novel perspective for the design of in-memory computing hardware and showcases promising applications in neuromorphic computing and image processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92164108,U23A20322,12072307,62027818,11974320,61804130)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant Nos.2023JJ30599,2023JJ50009)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0719600,2021YFB4000800).
文摘In this work,a multi-stage material design framework combining machine learning techniques with density functional theory is established to reveal the mechanism of phase stabilization in HfO_(2)based ferroelectric materials.The ferroelectric phase fractions based on a more stringent relationship of phase energy differences is proposed as an evaluation criterion for the ferroelectric performance of hafnium-based materials.Based on the Boltzmann distribution theory,the abstract phase energy difference is converted into an intuitive phase fraction distribution mapping.A large-scale prediction of unknown dopants is conducted within the material design framework,and gallium(Ga)is identified as a new dopant for HfO_(2).Both experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ga is an excellent dopant for ferroelectric hafnium oxide,especially,the experimentally determined variation trends of ferroelectric phase fraction and polarization properties with Ga doping concentration are in good agreement with the predictions given by machine learning.This work provides a new perspective from machine learning to deepen the understanding of the ferroelectric properties of HfO_(2)materials,offering fresh insights into the design and performance prediction of HfO_(2)ferroelectric thin films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92164108,U23A20322,62104267)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Grant Nos.2023JJ30599,2023JJ50009)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0719600,2021YFB4000800).
文摘Constrained by the inefficiency of traditional trial-and-error methods,especially when dealing with thousands of candidate materials,the swift discovery of materials with specific properties remains a central challenge in contemporary materials research.This study employed an artificial intelligencedriven materials design framework for identifying dopants that impart antiferroelectric properties to HfO_(2)materials.This strategy integrates density functional theory(DFT)with machine learning(ML)techniques to swiftly screen HfO_(2)materials exhibiting stable antiferroelectric properties based on the critical electric field.This approach aims to overcome the high cost and lengthy cycles associated with traditional trial-and-error and experimental methods.Among 30 undeveloped dopants,four candidate dopants demonstrating stable antiferroelectric properties were identified.Subsequent DFT analysis highlighted the Ga dopant,which displayed favorable characteristics such as a small volume change,minimal lattice deformation,and a low critical electric field after incorporation into hafnium oxide.These findings suggest the potential for stable antiferroelectric performance.Essentially,we established a correlation between the physical characteristics of hafnium oxide dopants and their antiferroelectric performance.The approach facilitates large-scale ML predictions,rendering it applicable to a broad spectrum of functional material designs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530084,31761133009)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 project,B13007)
文摘Detecting protein-protein interactions(PPIs) provides fundamental information for understanding biochemical processes such as the transduction of signals from one cellular location to another; however, traditional biochemical techniques cannot provide sufficient spatio-temporal information to elucidate these molecular interactions in living cells. Over the past decade, several new techniques have enabled the identification and characterization of PPIs. In this review, we summarize three main techniques for detecting PPIs in vivo, focusing on their basic principles and applications in biological studies. We place a special emphasis on their advantages and limitations, and, in particular, we introduced some uncommon new techniques, such as single-molecule FRET(smFRET), FRET-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy(FRET-FLIM), cytoskeleton-based assay for protein-protein interaction(CAPPI) and single-molecule protein proximity index(smPPI), highlighting recent improvements to the established techniques. We hope that this review will provide a valuable reference to enable researchers to select the most appropriate technique for detecting PPIs.
基金This research was supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basic Research Fund(S2021ZD02)the Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31971880 and 31991213)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS.
文摘Improvements in plant architecture,such as reduced plant height under high-density planting,are important for agricultural production.Light and gibberellin(GA)are essential external and internal cues that affect plant architecture.In this study,we characterize the direct interaction of distinct receptors that link light and GA signaling in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).We show that the light receptor CRY1 represses GA signaling through interaction with all five DELLA proteins and promotion of RGA protein accumulation in Arabidopsis.Genetic analysis shows that CRY1-mediated growth repression is achieved by means of the DELLA proteins.Interestingly,we find that CRY1 also directly interacts with the GA receptor GID1 to competitively inhibit the GID1-GAI interaction.We also show that overexpression of TaCRY1a reduces plant height and coleoptile growth in wheat and that TaCRY1a interacts with both TaGID1 and Rht1 to competitively attenuate the TaGID1-Rht1 interaction.Based on these findings,we propose that the photoreceptor CRY1 competitively inhibits the GID1-DELLA interaction,thereby stabilizing DELLA proteins and enhancing their repression of plant growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31900238 and NSFC 32070307)to Y.Z.
文摘MED25 has been implicated as a negative regulator of the abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway.However,it is unclear whether other Mediator subunits could associate with MED25 to participate in the ABA response.Here,we used affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry to uncover Mediator subunits that associate with MED25 in transgenic plants.We found that at least26 Mediator subunits,belonging to the head,middle,tail,and CDK8 kinase modules,were copurified with MED25 in vivo.Interestingly,the tail module subunit MED16 was identified to associate with MED25 under both mock and ABA treatments.We further showed that the disruption of MED16 led to reduced ABA sensitivity compared to the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis revealedthattheexpressionofseveral ABA-responsive genes was significantly lower in med16 than those in wild type.Furthermore,we discovered that MED16 may possibly compete with MED25 to interact with the key transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE 5(ABI5)to positively regulate ABA signaling.Consistently,med16 and med25 mutants displayed opposite phenotypes in ABA response,cuticle permeability,and differential ABI5-mediated EM1 and EM6 expression.Together,our data indicate that MED16 and MED25 differentially regulate ABA signaling byantagonisticallyaffectingABI5-mediated transcription in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department(20C1784)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61804130,62104267,and 11832016)+4 种基金Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Major Project(2020GK2014)the National Key Research and Development Plan(2021YFB4000800)the Cultivation Projects of National Major R&D Project(92164108)the Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(11835008)the Foundation of Innovation Center of Radiation Application(KFZC2020020901).
文摘A layered oxide Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was synthesized by an oxalate co- precipitation method. The morphology, structural and composition of the as-papered samples synthesized at different calcination temperatures were investigated. The results indicate that calcination temperature of the sample at 850℃ can improve the integrity of structural significantly. The effect of calcination temperature varying from 750℃ to 950℃ on the electrochemical performance of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2, cathode material of lithiumion batteries, has been investigated. The results show that Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 calcined at 850℃ possesses a higher capacity retention and better rate capability than other samples. The reversible capacity is up to 178.6 mA.h.g-1, and the discharge capacity still remains 176.3 mA-h.g-1 after 30 cycles. Moreover, our strategy provides a simple and highly versatile route in fabricating cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004158)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(222102110139).
文摘MYB-related genes,a subclass of MYB transcription factor family,have been documented to play important roles in biological processes such as secondary metabolism and stress responses that affect plant growth and development.However,the regulatory roles of MYB-related genes in drought stress response remain unclear in maize.In this study,we discovered that a 1R-MYB gene,ZmRL6,encodes a 96-amino acid protein and is highly drought-inducible.We also found that it is conserved in both barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)and Aegilops tauschii.Furthermore,we observed that overexpression of ZmRL6 can enhance drought tolerance while knock-out of ZmRL6 by CRISPR-Cas9 results in drought hypersensitivity.DAP-seq analyses additionally revealed the ZmRL6 target genes mainly contain ACC GTT,TTA CCA AAC and AGC CCG AG motifs in their promoters.By combining RNA-seq and DAP-seq results together,we subsequently identified eight novel target genes of ZmRL6 that are involved in maize’s hormone signal transduction,sugar metabolism,lignin synthesis,and redox signaling/oxidative stress.Collectively,our data provided insights into the roles of ZmRL6 in maize’s drought response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31900238,32070307,32150410345 and 32270308)the Henan Science and Technology Development Plan Project 212300410023 and Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents in Colleges and Universities in Henan,China(23HASTIT036).
文摘The sucrose non-fermenting 1(SNF1)-related protein kinase 2(SnRK2)family members have been discovered to regulate abiotic stress response via the abscisic acid(ABA)-independent and dependent signaling pathways.SnRK2.6,also known as Open Stomata 1(OST1),is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays critical roles in linking ABA receptor complexes and downstream components such as transcription factors and anion channels to regulate stress response.Asides from its well-known regulatory roles in stomatal movement and cold stress response,OST1 has also been demonstrated recently to modulate major developmental roles of flowering and growth in plants.In this review,we will discuss about the various roles of OST1 as well as the‘doors’that OST1 can‘open’to help plants perform stress adaptation.Therefore,we will address how OST1 can regulate stomata apertures,cold stress tolerance as well as other aspects of its emerging roles such as balancing flowering and root growth in response to drought.
基金We thank Novogene for genome sequencing and assembly.We thank Dr.Feng Cheng for his comments on our manuscript.This work was supported by the Elite Young Scientists Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program in China and self-raised funds.
文摘Jasminum sambac(jasmine flower),a world-renowned plant appreciated for its exceptional flower fragrance,is of cultural and economic importance.However,the genetic basis of its fragrance is largely unknown.Here,we present the first de novo genome assembly of J.sambac with 550.12 Mb(scaffold N50=40.10 Mb)assembled into 13 pseudochromosomes.Terpene synthase(TPS)genes associated with flower fragrance are considerably amplified in the form of gene clusters through tandem duplications in the genome.Gene clusters within the salicylic acid/benzoic acid/theobromine(SABATH)and benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase/anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases/anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase/deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase(BAHD)superfamilies were identified to be related to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds.Several key genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis were duplicated,causing an increase in copy numbers.In addition,multi-omics analyses identified various aromatic compounds and many genes involved in fragrance biosynthesis pathways.Furthermore,the roles of JsTPS3 in b-ocimene biosynthesis,as well as JsAOC1 and JsAOS in jasmonic acid biosynthesis,were functionally validated.The genome assembled in this study for J.sambac offers a basic genetic resource for studying floral scent and jasmonate biosynthesis,and provides a foundation for functional genomic research and variety improvements in Jasminum.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)32350610245,32150410345,32070307 and 32270308Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents in Colleges and Universities in Henan,China(23HASTIT036).
文摘Soil salinity is a serious environmental threat to plant growth and flowering.Flowering in the right place,at the right time,ensures maximal reproductive success for plants.Salinity-delayed flowering is considered a stress coping/survival strategy and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process require further studies to enhance the crop's salt tolerance ability.A nuclear pore complex(NPC)component,HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 1(HOS1),has been recognized as a negative regulator of plant cold responses and flowering.Here,we challenged the role of HOS1 in regulating flowering in response to salinity stress.Interestingly,we discovered that HOS1 can directly interact with and ubiquitinate transcription factor SPL9(SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 9)to promote its protein degradation in response to salinity stress.Moreover,we demonstrated that HOS1 and SPL9 antagonistically regulate plant flowering under both normal and salt stress conditions.HOS1 was further shown to negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and several key flowering genes in response to salinity stress.These results jointly revealed that HOS1 is an important integrator in the process of modulating salinity-delayed flowering,thus offering new perspectives on a salinity stress coping strategy of plants.
文摘Dear Editor,Gene regulation in model organisms is critical for gene function analysis and is thus essential for human health and agricultural production. Therefore, several molecular tools have been developed to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In recent years, the transcription activator-like effector （TALE）, which is predominantly found in Xanthomonas.
