Clay minerals play an important role in biogeochemical cycling.Here,kaolinite and montmorillonite,the two most abundant and widespread clay minerals with typical layered structures,were selected to investigate and com...Clay minerals play an important role in biogeochemical cycling.Here,kaolinite and montmorillonite,the two most abundant and widespread clay minerals with typical layered structures,were selected to investigate and compare their effects on the biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)by Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2 and to investigate the underlying interface mechanisms.Overall,the BaP degradation efficiency was significantly higher 7 d after montmorillonite addition,reaching 68.9%(P<0.05),when compared with that of the control without addition of clay minerals(CK,61.4%);however,the addition of kaolinite significantly reduced the BaP degradation efficiency to 45.8%.This suggests that kaolinite inhibits BaP degradation by inhibiting the growth of strain HPD-2,or its strong hydrophobicity and readily agglomerates in the degradation system,resulting in a decrease in the bio-accessibility of BaP to strain HPD-2.Montmorillonite may buffer some unfavorable factors,and cells may be fixed on the surface of montmorillonite colloidal particles across energy barriers.Furthermore,the adsorption of BaP on montmorillonite may be weakened after swelling,reducing the effect on the bio-accessibility of BaP,thus promoting the biodegradation of BaP by strain HPD-2.The experimental results indicate that differential bacterial growth,BaP bio-accessibility,interface interaction,and the buffering effect may explain the differential effects of the different minerals on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation.These observations improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which clay minerals,organic pollutants,and degrading bacteria interact during the biodegradation process and provide a theoretical basis for increasing the biodegradation of soil pollutants by native microorganisms under field conditions.展开更多
The status of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in soils and crops can be affected by long-term fertilization practices. This study aimed to investigate changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and k...The status of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in soils and crops can be affected by long-term fertilization practices. This study aimed to investigate changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and kernel quality, and changes in copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)concentrations in soil and peanut kernels after 16 years of continuous cropping with different fertilization treatments. Five fertilization treatments were applied at a red soil site in Southeast China:chemical fertilizer (F) containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, F+trace elements (FT), pig manure (M), M+effective microorganisms (MB), and MB+trace elements (MBT). Properties of soil and pig manure, heavy metal contents in soil and peanut kernels, and the compositions of amino and fatty acids in kernels were determined. Application of pig manure significantly increased peanut biomass, kernel yield, and crude protein and total amino acid contents in kernels, but led to higher amounts of Cu, Zn, and Cd in soil and higher amounts of Zn and Cd in peanut kernels compared with that of chemical fertilizer. There should be greater concern about potential kernel Cd and Zn contaminations resulting from long-term application of pig manure contaminated with potentially toxic metals as an organic fertilizer.展开更多
Diphenylarsinic acid （DPAA） is formed during the leakage of aromatic arsenic chemical weapons in soils, is persistent in nature, and results in arsenic contamination in the field. The adsorption and desorption chara...Diphenylarsinic acid （DPAA） is formed during the leakage of aromatic arsenic chemical weapons in soils, is persistent in nature, and results in arsenic contamination in the field. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of DPAA were investigated in two typical Chinese soils, an Acrisol （a variable-charge soil） and a Phaeozem （a constant-charge soil）. Their thermodynamics and some of the factors influencing them （i.e., initial pH value, ionic strength and phosphate） were also evaluated using the batch method in order to understand the environmental fate of DPAA in soils. The results indicate that Acrisol had a stronger adsorption capacity for DPAA than Phaeozem. Soil DPAA adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process and the amount of DPAA adsorbed was affected significantly by variation in soil pH and phosphate. In contrast, soil organic matter and ionic strength had no significant effect on adsorption. This suggests that DPAA adsorption may be due to specific adsorption on soil mineral surfaces. Therefore, monitoring the fate of DPAA in soils is recommended in areas contaminated by leakage from chemical weapons.展开更多
Soils are a valuable resource with life activity in terrestrial ecosystem,and soil health and its sustainable management are becoming a major focus of global concern.A healthy soil is a“harmonious social system”,whi...Soils are a valuable resource with life activity in terrestrial ecosystem,and soil health and its sustainable management are becoming a major focus of global concern.A healthy soil is a“harmonious social system”,which should have good structure,functional state,and buffering performance to maintain the dynamic balance of soil ecosystem.Soil health has become the frontier of soil science.The development of theoretical and practical approaches for soil health evaluation and management is urgently needed.Therefore,further research is needed to develop new techniques and methods for soil health research,construct soil health index and evaluation system,clarify the mechanism and spatial-temporal pattern of soil health conservation,and establish soil health protection and cultivation technology,which would provide scientific and technological support for soil resource protection and sustainable utilization.展开更多
Bioaugmentation is an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Since the degrading abilities of soils can greatly alter the abilities of PAH-degrading bacter...Bioaugmentation is an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Since the degrading abilities of soils can greatly alter the abilities of PAH-degrading bacteria,illustrating the potential and mechanism of highly efficient degrading bacteria in different soil environments is of great importance for bioremediation.A PAH-degrading bacterium,Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2,and two soil types,red and paddy soils,with distinct PAH-degrading abilities,were selected for this study.A soil microcosm experiment was performed by adding pyrene(PYR)and benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P).Illumina sequencing was used to examine bacterial community structure.The results showed that inoculation with HPD-2 significantly elevated PYR and B[a]P degradation rates by 44.7%and 30.7%,respectively,in the red soil,while it only improved the degradation rates by 1.9%and 11%,respectively,in the paddy soil.To investigate the underlying mechanism,the fate of strain HPD-2 and the response of the indigenous bacterial communities were determined.Strain HPD-2 occupied certain niches in both soils,and the addition of the bacterium changed the native community structure more noticeably in the red soil than in the paddy soil.The addition of PAHs and strain HPD-2 significantly changed the abundances of 7 phyla among the 15 detected phyla in the red soil.In the paddy soil,5 of the 12 dominant phyla were significantly affected by PAHs and the inoculation of HPD-2,while 6new phyla were detected in the low-abundance phyla(<0.1%).The abundances of Massilia,Burkholderia,and Rhodococcus genera with PAH degradation efficiency were significantly increased by the inoculation of HPD-2 in the red soil during 42 d of incubation.Meanwhile,in the paddy soil,the most dominant effective genus,Massilia,was reduced by HPD-2 inoculation.This research revealed the remediation ability and inherent mechanism of the highly effective PAH-degrading strain HPD-2 in two different soil types,which would provide a theoretical basis for the application of degrading bacteria in different soils.展开更多
Pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB)is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings.Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many o...Pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB)is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings.Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many organic pesticides and pesticide residues.A short-term field experiment(1 year)was conducted to explore the potential role of a PCNB-degrading bacterial isolate,Cupriavidus sp.YNS-85,in the remediation of a PCNB-contaminated soil on which Panax notoginseng was grown.The following three treatments were used:i)control soil amended with wheat bran but without YNS-85,ii)soil with 0.15 kg m-2of solid bacterial inoculum(A),and iii)soil with 0.30 kg m-2of solid bacterial inoculum(B).The removal of soil PCNB during the microbial remediation was monitored using gas chromatography.Soil catalase and fluorescein diacetate(FDA)esterase activities were determined using spectrophotometry.In addition,cultivable bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes were counted by plating serial dilutions,and the microbial biodiversity of the soil was analyzed using BIOLOG.After 1 year of in-situ remediation,the soil PCNB concentrations decreased significantly by 50.3%and 74.2%in treatments A and B,respectively,when compared with the uninoculated control.The soil catalase activity decreased in the presence of the bacterial isolate,the FDA esterase activity decreased in treatment A,but increased in treatment B.No significant changes in plant biomass,diversity of the soil microbial community,or physicochemical properties of the soil were observed between the control and inoculated groups(P<0.05).The results indicate that Cupriavidus sp.YNS-85 is a potential candidate for the remediation of PCNB-contaminated soils under P.notoginseng.展开更多
A proteomic analysis of wheat defense response induced by the widely used organophosphorus nematicide fosthiazate is reported. Seed germination and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） experiments were perform...A proteomic analysis of wheat defense response induced by the widely used organophosphorus nematicide fosthiazate is reported. Seed germination and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） experiments were performed using a Chinese wheat cultivar, Zhenmai No. 5. Root and shoot elongation decreased but thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） content in embryos increased with increasing pesticide concentration. More than 1000 protein spots were reprodueibly detected in each silver-stained gel. Thirty-seven protein spots with at least 2-fold changes were identified using MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis. Of these, 24 spots were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. Proteins identified included some well-known classical stress responsive proteins under abiotic or biotic stresses as well as some unusual responsive proteins. Ten responsive proteins were reported for the first time at the proteomic level, including fatty acyl CoA reductase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, DEAD-box ATPase-RNA-helicase, fimbriata-like protein, waxy B 1, rust resistance kinase Lrl0, putative In2.1 protein, retinoblastoma-related protein 1, pollen allergen-like protein and S-adenosyl-L- methionine：phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase. The proteins identified were involved in several processes such as metabolism, defense/detoxification, cell structure/ceU growth, signal transduction]transcription, photosynthesis and energy. Seven candidate proteins were further analyzed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR to compare transcript and protein accumulation patterns, revealing that not all the genes were correlated well with the protein level. Identification of these responsive proteins may provide new insight into the molecular basis of the fosthiazate-stress response in the early developmental stages of plants and may be useful in stress monitoring or stress-tolerant crop breeding for environmentally friendly agricultural production.展开更多
Herbicides(HBCs)are extensively used in modern agriculture.However,their potential negative impacts on environmental media have emerged as a significant environmental concern.In this study,we employed positivematrix f...Herbicides(HBCs)are extensively used in modern agriculture.However,their potential negative impacts on environmental media have emerged as a significant environmental concern.In this study,we employed positivematrix factorization(PMF)to identify the potential sources of HBCs.Furthermore,we utilized amulti-matrix ecological riskmodel to assess the risks associated with HBCs in both surface water and groundwater in the black soil region of Northeast China.The findings revealed that the levels of15HBCs in surface water and groundwater ranged from585.84 to 6466.96 ng/L and 4.80 to 11,774.64 ng/L,respectively.The PMF results indicated that surface runoff and erosion accounted for 50%of the total HBCs in water,serving as the primary sources.All tested HBCs exhibited acute risk values within acceptable levels.The risk index for the∑15HBCs was categorized as“moderate risk”in 31%of the surface waters and 13%of the groundwaters.However,4%of the groundwater sampling sites reached the“high risk”level.The chronic risk quotient of∑15HBCs in surface water and groundwater was 92%and 62%at the“high risk”level,respectively.Interestingly,noncarcinogenic HBCs contributed more significantly to the ecotoxicology of the aquatic system than carcinogenic HBCs.This study provides comprehensive information on the legacy of HBCs in water bodies and emphasizes the potential risks posed by HBCs to aquatic systems.The results obtained from this study could help relevant management authorities in developing and implementing effective regulations tomitigate the ecological and environmental risks associated with HBCs.展开更多
Geological carbon sequestration(GCS)offers a promising approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and supporting global carbon neutrality goals.Offshore GCS,which leverages subsea geological formations,provides a...Geological carbon sequestration(GCS)offers a promising approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and supporting global carbon neutrality goals.Offshore GCS,which leverages subsea geological formations,provides advantages over onshore options in terms of storage capacity,public acceptance,and minimized environmental risks to populated regions,making it a socially,economically,and environmentally viable pillar of global Carbon Capture and Storage strategies.This approach involves injecting captured CO_(2)into subsea formations through wells,where it can be securely trapped via structural,residual,solubility,and mineral mechanisms over geological timescales.Successful deployment requires addressing the full GCS chain,including site selection,subsurface characterization,and engineering aspects such as platform construction,operational reliability,and risk monitoring.Despite its potential and growing attention,key technical challenges remain insufficiently addressed.This study aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing essential geoscience and engineering elements of offshore GCS.It examines site selection,trapping efficiency,and operational issues,and provides a detailed evaluation of current and planned offshore GCS projects,with a tabulated dataset to support reference and comparison.The findings highlight research priorities and support the advancement of offshore GCS technologies toward safe and effective implementation.展开更多
As one promising CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology,miscible CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)significantly outperforms immiscible flooding in enhancing oil production and storing CO_(2).Howe...As one promising CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology,miscible CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)significantly outperforms immiscible flooding in enhancing oil production and storing CO_(2).However,achieving CO_(2)miscible flooding is often hindered by the high minimum miscibility pressure of CO_(2)-oil system in many reservoirs.To address this issue,this study focuses on the mechanisms for enhancing CO_(2)-oil miscibility using different types of surfactants and their blends with ethanol.The effects of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers(EO),fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ethers(PO),tributyl citrate(TC),and glyceryl triacetate(GT)on the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure are quantitatively analyzed,as well as their synergy with ethanol.Results demonstrated that all tested surfactant additives reduce the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressu re.For ethe r-based surfactant additives,an increase in the degree of polymerization(CO_(2)-philic groups)weakens the effectiveness to reduce miscibility pressure.Oxygen atoms in the functional group contribute more significantly to miscibility enhancement than carbon atoms.Among ester surfactants,GT achieved the best reduction effect of miscibility pressure(11.82%at 3.0 wt%),attributed to its symmetrical short side-chain structure and ester groups.Furthermore,ethanol exhibited a significant improvement for surfactants in enhancing miscibility.Notably,the reduction of CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure increases to 27.9%by 3.0 wt%GT blended with 5.0 wt%ethanol.These findings demonstrate that blending surfactants with ethanol is a feasible and effective strategy to facilitate miscible CO_(2)flooding.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the field implementation of miscible CO_(2)-EOR.展开更多
We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations （0- 500 mg· kg^-1 soil） of di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） or his （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, two representative...We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations （0- 500 mg· kg^-1 soil） of di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） or his （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, two representative phthalate esters （PAEs） nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass （fresh weight, FW） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content of shoots and roots of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne）, radish （Raphanus sativus L.）, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）, oat （Avena sativa） and onion （Allium cepa L.）, together with monitoring of plant pigment content （chlorophyll a, b and earotinoids） in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.展开更多
Dissipation and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in contaminated agricul- tural soil planted with perennial ryegrass were investigated in a field experiment. After two seasons of grass cultiva...Dissipation and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in contaminated agricul- tural soil planted with perennial ryegrass were investigated in a field experiment. After two seasons of grass cultivation the mean concentration of 12 PAHs in soil decreased by 23.4% compared with the initial soil. The 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6- ring PAHs were dissipated by 30.9%, 25.5%, 21.2%, and 16.3% from the soil, respectively. Ryegrass shoots accumulated about 280 ug.kg1, shoot dry matter biomass reached 2.48 x 104kg-ha1, and plant uptake accounted for about 0.99% of the decrease in PAHs in the soil. Significantly higher soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity were observed in planted soil than that in the unplanted control. The results suggest that planting ryegrass may promote the dissipation of PAHs in long-term contaminated agricultural soil, and plant-promoted microbial degradation may be a main mechanism of phytoremediation.展开更多
Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, represent a particularly serious environmental problem and human health risk worldwide. Leguminous plants and their symbiotic ba...Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, represent a particularly serious environmental problem and human health risk worldwide. Leguminous plants and their symbiotic bacteria （rhizobia） are important components of the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, there have been relatively few detailed studies of the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils by legume-rhizobia symbionts. Here we report for the first time evidence of the reductive dechlorination of 2,4,4＇-trichlorobiphenyl （PCB 28） by an alfalfa-rhizobium nitrogen fixing symbiont. Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） inoculated with wild-type Sinorhizobiurn meliloti had significantly larger biomass and PCB 28 accumulation than alfalfa inoculated with the nitrogenase negative mutant rhizobium SmY. Dechlorination products of PCB 28, 2,4＇-dichlorobiphenyl （PCB 8）, and the emission of chloride ion （C1-） were also found to decrease significantly in the ineffective nodules infected by the mutant strain SmY. We therefore hypothesize that N2-fixation by the legume-rhizobium symbiont is coupled with the reductive dechlorination of PCBs within the nodules. The combination of these two processes is of great importance to the biogeochemical cycling and bioremediation of organochlorine pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems.展开更多
Over the years,natural gas hydrates(NGHs)have attracted significant attention as an emerging energy resource.Microfluidics is a novel technology used to observe the behaviour of NGHs in microchannels directly and has ...Over the years,natural gas hydrates(NGHs)have attracted significant attention as an emerging energy resource.Microfluidics is a novel technology used to observe the behaviour of NGHs in microchannels directly and has been applied to hydrates.Gas hydrate distributions and phase transitions are key parameters for exploitation and application.In this paper,advances in related research with microfluidics-based technology are reviewed,including the hydrate phase transition process and its mechanism of influence.Hydrate formation and decomposition directly influence the efficiency and sustainability of exploitation.In addition,studies of the hydrate phase transition provide basic data for future commercial exploitation.Moreover,extended applications,further developments and potential improvements in microfluidic techniques are also discussed.We believe that with an improved understanding of the hydrate phase transition mechanism,commercial exploitation of hydrates can be expected soon.展开更多
CO_(2) capture and sequestration via the hydrate method has attracted much attention because of its high sequestration density and energy density.However,the influencing mechanism of the promoters on the formation of ...CO_(2) capture and sequestration via the hydrate method has attracted much attention because of its high sequestration density and energy density.However,the influencing mechanism of the promoters on the formation of CO_(2) hydrate was not yet clarified.Also,there was no comprehensive review of the effect of promoters on CO_(2) hydrate formation from laboratory-scale studies.Therefore,this paper reviewed the effect of promoters on CO_(2) capture and sequestration via the hydrate method from the laboratory research scale.Typical CO_(2) hydrate formation processes were summarized in detail.And the characteristic parameters of CO_(2) hydrate were analyzed.Then,the different types of promoters were carefully overviewed.In particular,the influencing mechanisms of promoters on CO_(2) hydrates were highlighted and compared.Thermodynamic promoters mainly affected the conditions of hydrate formation,while kinetic promoters mainly acted at the gas-liquid contact interface.However,the promotional mechanism of CO_(2) hydrate promoters was controversial and the solution formulation units were not consistent.In addition,the effects of different promoters on CO_(2) capture,separation,and sequestration were also summarized.The existing studies ignored the CO_(2) hydrate formation experiments under in-situ conditions in the presence of promoters.The influence of different promoters on the sequestration effect was critically evaluated through parameters such as phase equilibrium curves,induction time,gas consumption,and sequestration density.A uniform evaluation standard for CO_(2) hydrate promoters was lacking.Finally,future development recommendations should focus on large-scale,low-energy,commercial,in-situ,environmentally friendly,and intelligent research directions.The review may provide some theoretical guidance for the commercial application of CO_(2) hydrate.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,CAS,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20150049)the Chinese National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2017YFA0207001 and 2019YFC1803700)。
文摘Clay minerals play an important role in biogeochemical cycling.Here,kaolinite and montmorillonite,the two most abundant and widespread clay minerals with typical layered structures,were selected to investigate and compare their effects on the biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)by Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2 and to investigate the underlying interface mechanisms.Overall,the BaP degradation efficiency was significantly higher 7 d after montmorillonite addition,reaching 68.9%(P<0.05),when compared with that of the control without addition of clay minerals(CK,61.4%);however,the addition of kaolinite significantly reduced the BaP degradation efficiency to 45.8%.This suggests that kaolinite inhibits BaP degradation by inhibiting the growth of strain HPD-2,or its strong hydrophobicity and readily agglomerates in the degradation system,resulting in a decrease in the bio-accessibility of BaP to strain HPD-2.Montmorillonite may buffer some unfavorable factors,and cells may be fixed on the surface of montmorillonite colloidal particles across energy barriers.Furthermore,the adsorption of BaP on montmorillonite may be weakened after swelling,reducing the effect on the bio-accessibility of BaP,thus promoting the biodegradation of BaP by strain HPD-2.The experimental results indicate that differential bacterial growth,BaP bio-accessibility,interface interaction,and the buffering effect may explain the differential effects of the different minerals on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation.These observations improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which clay minerals,organic pollutants,and degrading bacteria interact during the biodegradation process and provide a theoretical basis for increasing the biodegradation of soil pollutants by native microorganisms under field conditions.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province, China (No.CX (15)1044)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41671325)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No.BK20171521)Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, China (No.Y212000016)Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.SEPR2011018)
文摘The status of essential and potentially toxic trace elements in soils and crops can be affected by long-term fertilization practices. This study aimed to investigate changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and kernel quality, and changes in copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)concentrations in soil and peanut kernels after 16 years of continuous cropping with different fertilization treatments. Five fertilization treatments were applied at a red soil site in Southeast China:chemical fertilizer (F) containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, F+trace elements (FT), pig manure (M), M+effective microorganisms (MB), and MB+trace elements (MBT). Properties of soil and pig manure, heavy metal contents in soil and peanut kernels, and the compositions of amino and fatty acids in kernels were determined. Application of pig manure significantly increased peanut biomass, kernel yield, and crude protein and total amino acid contents in kernels, but led to higher amounts of Cu, Zn, and Cd in soil and higher amounts of Zn and Cd in peanut kernels compared with that of chemical fertilizer. There should be greater concern about potential kernel Cd and Zn contaminations resulting from long-term application of pig manure contaminated with potentially toxic metals as an organic fertilizer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41171248,40810180)the Ministry of Environmental Protection Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes (No. 2010467016)
文摘Diphenylarsinic acid （DPAA） is formed during the leakage of aromatic arsenic chemical weapons in soils, is persistent in nature, and results in arsenic contamination in the field. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of DPAA were investigated in two typical Chinese soils, an Acrisol （a variable-charge soil） and a Phaeozem （a constant-charge soil）. Their thermodynamics and some of the factors influencing them （i.e., initial pH value, ionic strength and phosphate） were also evaluated using the batch method in order to understand the environmental fate of DPAA in soils. The results indicate that Acrisol had a stronger adsorption capacity for DPAA than Phaeozem. Soil DPAA adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process and the amount of DPAA adsorbed was affected significantly by variation in soil pH and phosphate. In contrast, soil organic matter and ionic strength had no significant effect on adsorption. This suggests that DPAA adsorption may be due to specific adsorption on soil mineral surfaces. Therefore, monitoring the fate of DPAA in soils is recommended in areas contaminated by leakage from chemical weapons.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104004 and 42130718).
文摘Soils are a valuable resource with life activity in terrestrial ecosystem,and soil health and its sustainable management are becoming a major focus of global concern.A healthy soil is a“harmonious social system”,which should have good structure,functional state,and buffering performance to maintain the dynamic balance of soil ecosystem.Soil health has become the frontier of soil science.The development of theoretical and practical approaches for soil health evaluation and management is urgently needed.Therefore,further research is needed to develop new techniques and methods for soil health research,construct soil health index and evaluation system,clarify the mechanism and spatial-temporal pattern of soil health conservation,and establish soil health protection and cultivation technology,which would provide scientific and technological support for soil resource protection and sustainable utilization.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1803705)the Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991335and 42130718)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSWDQC035)。
文摘Bioaugmentation is an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).Since the degrading abilities of soils can greatly alter the abilities of PAH-degrading bacteria,illustrating the potential and mechanism of highly efficient degrading bacteria in different soil environments is of great importance for bioremediation.A PAH-degrading bacterium,Paracoccus aminovorans HPD-2,and two soil types,red and paddy soils,with distinct PAH-degrading abilities,were selected for this study.A soil microcosm experiment was performed by adding pyrene(PYR)and benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P).Illumina sequencing was used to examine bacterial community structure.The results showed that inoculation with HPD-2 significantly elevated PYR and B[a]P degradation rates by 44.7%and 30.7%,respectively,in the red soil,while it only improved the degradation rates by 1.9%and 11%,respectively,in the paddy soil.To investigate the underlying mechanism,the fate of strain HPD-2 and the response of the indigenous bacterial communities were determined.Strain HPD-2 occupied certain niches in both soils,and the addition of the bacterium changed the native community structure more noticeably in the red soil than in the paddy soil.The addition of PAHs and strain HPD-2 significantly changed the abundances of 7 phyla among the 15 detected phyla in the red soil.In the paddy soil,5 of the 12 dominant phyla were significantly affected by PAHs and the inoculation of HPD-2,while 6new phyla were detected in the low-abundance phyla(<0.1%).The abundances of Massilia,Burkholderia,and Rhodococcus genera with PAH degradation efficiency were significantly increased by the inoculation of HPD-2 in the red soil during 42 d of incubation.Meanwhile,in the paddy soil,the most dominant effective genus,Massilia,was reduced by HPD-2 inoculation.This research revealed the remediation ability and inherent mechanism of the highly effective PAH-degrading strain HPD-2 in two different soil types,which would provide a theoretical basis for the application of degrading bacteria in different soils.
基金This research was funded by grants from the Major Science and Technique Programs of Yunnan Province,China(No.2016ZF001)the Science and Technique Programs of Yunnan Province,China(No.2017IB038).
文摘Pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB)is an organochlorine fungicide that is mainly used in the prevention and control of diseases in crop seedlings.Microbial removal is used as a promising method for in-situ removal of many organic pesticides and pesticide residues.A short-term field experiment(1 year)was conducted to explore the potential role of a PCNB-degrading bacterial isolate,Cupriavidus sp.YNS-85,in the remediation of a PCNB-contaminated soil on which Panax notoginseng was grown.The following three treatments were used:i)control soil amended with wheat bran but without YNS-85,ii)soil with 0.15 kg m-2of solid bacterial inoculum(A),and iii)soil with 0.30 kg m-2of solid bacterial inoculum(B).The removal of soil PCNB during the microbial remediation was monitored using gas chromatography.Soil catalase and fluorescein diacetate(FDA)esterase activities were determined using spectrophotometry.In addition,cultivable bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes were counted by plating serial dilutions,and the microbial biodiversity of the soil was analyzed using BIOLOG.After 1 year of in-situ remediation,the soil PCNB concentrations decreased significantly by 50.3%and 74.2%in treatments A and B,respectively,when compared with the uninoculated control.The soil catalase activity decreased in the presence of the bacterial isolate,the FDA esterase activity decreased in treatment A,but increased in treatment B.No significant changes in plant biomass,diversity of the soil microbial community,or physicochemical properties of the soil were observed between the control and inoculated groups(P<0.05).The results indicate that Cupriavidus sp.YNS-85 is a potential candidate for the remediation of PCNB-contaminated soils under P.notoginseng.
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection special funds for scientific research on public causes of China(No.2010467016)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2009016)+1 种基金the Program of Innovative Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZCX2-YW-Q02-06-02, KZCW2-YW-404)Supporting data associated with this article can be found in the online version
文摘A proteomic analysis of wheat defense response induced by the widely used organophosphorus nematicide fosthiazate is reported. Seed germination and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） experiments were performed using a Chinese wheat cultivar, Zhenmai No. 5. Root and shoot elongation decreased but thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS） content in embryos increased with increasing pesticide concentration. More than 1000 protein spots were reprodueibly detected in each silver-stained gel. Thirty-seven protein spots with at least 2-fold changes were identified using MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis. Of these, 24 spots were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated. Proteins identified included some well-known classical stress responsive proteins under abiotic or biotic stresses as well as some unusual responsive proteins. Ten responsive proteins were reported for the first time at the proteomic level, including fatty acyl CoA reductase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase, DEAD-box ATPase-RNA-helicase, fimbriata-like protein, waxy B 1, rust resistance kinase Lrl0, putative In2.1 protein, retinoblastoma-related protein 1, pollen allergen-like protein and S-adenosyl-L- methionine：phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase. The proteins identified were involved in several processes such as metabolism, defense/detoxification, cell structure/ceU growth, signal transduction]transcription, photosynthesis and energy. Seven candidate proteins were further analyzed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR to compare transcript and protein accumulation patterns, revealing that not all the genes were correlated well with the protein level. Identification of these responsive proteins may provide new insight into the molecular basis of the fosthiazate-stress response in the early developmental stages of plants and may be useful in stress monitoring or stress-tolerant crop breeding for environmentally friendly agricultural production.
基金supported by the“Strategic Priority Research Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28010501)the National Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Program(No.SQ2022RA24910167)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(No.CX20220514).
文摘Herbicides(HBCs)are extensively used in modern agriculture.However,their potential negative impacts on environmental media have emerged as a significant environmental concern.In this study,we employed positivematrix factorization(PMF)to identify the potential sources of HBCs.Furthermore,we utilized amulti-matrix ecological riskmodel to assess the risks associated with HBCs in both surface water and groundwater in the black soil region of Northeast China.The findings revealed that the levels of15HBCs in surface water and groundwater ranged from585.84 to 6466.96 ng/L and 4.80 to 11,774.64 ng/L,respectively.The PMF results indicated that surface runoff and erosion accounted for 50%of the total HBCs in water,serving as the primary sources.All tested HBCs exhibited acute risk values within acceptable levels.The risk index for the∑15HBCs was categorized as“moderate risk”in 31%of the surface waters and 13%of the groundwaters.However,4%of the groundwater sampling sites reached the“high risk”level.The chronic risk quotient of∑15HBCs in surface water and groundwater was 92%and 62%at the“high risk”level,respectively.Interestingly,noncarcinogenic HBCs contributed more significantly to the ecotoxicology of the aquatic system than carcinogenic HBCs.This study provides comprehensive information on the legacy of HBCs in water bodies and emphasizes the potential risks posed by HBCs to aquatic systems.The results obtained from this study could help relevant management authorities in developing and implementing effective regulations tomitigate the ecological and environmental risks associated with HBCs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52304098,52106092,52474105)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530113011027,JCYJ20220818095605012)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515012761,2023A1515012316,2022A1515110338,2025A1515010748)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(2023QNT004)Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big–science Facilities Platform supported by the Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen.
文摘Geological carbon sequestration(GCS)offers a promising approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and supporting global carbon neutrality goals.Offshore GCS,which leverages subsea geological formations,provides advantages over onshore options in terms of storage capacity,public acceptance,and minimized environmental risks to populated regions,making it a socially,economically,and environmentally viable pillar of global Carbon Capture and Storage strategies.This approach involves injecting captured CO_(2)into subsea formations through wells,where it can be securely trapped via structural,residual,solubility,and mineral mechanisms over geological timescales.Successful deployment requires addressing the full GCS chain,including site selection,subsurface characterization,and engineering aspects such as platform construction,operational reliability,and risk monitoring.Despite its potential and growing attention,key technical challenges remain insufficiently addressed.This study aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing essential geoscience and engineering elements of offshore GCS.It examines site selection,trapping efficiency,and operational issues,and provides a detailed evaluation of current and planned offshore GCS projects,with a tabulated dataset to support reference and comparison.The findings highlight research priorities and support the advancement of offshore GCS technologies toward safe and effective implementation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374063,52204065 and 52304098)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023ME049)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(25CX07004A)State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering(SDGZK2429)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818095605012)。
文摘As one promising CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology,miscible CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)significantly outperforms immiscible flooding in enhancing oil production and storing CO_(2).However,achieving CO_(2)miscible flooding is often hindered by the high minimum miscibility pressure of CO_(2)-oil system in many reservoirs.To address this issue,this study focuses on the mechanisms for enhancing CO_(2)-oil miscibility using different types of surfactants and their blends with ethanol.The effects of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers(EO),fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ethers(PO),tributyl citrate(TC),and glyceryl triacetate(GT)on the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure are quantitatively analyzed,as well as their synergy with ethanol.Results demonstrated that all tested surfactant additives reduce the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressu re.For ethe r-based surfactant additives,an increase in the degree of polymerization(CO_(2)-philic groups)weakens the effectiveness to reduce miscibility pressure.Oxygen atoms in the functional group contribute more significantly to miscibility enhancement than carbon atoms.Among ester surfactants,GT achieved the best reduction effect of miscibility pressure(11.82%at 3.0 wt%),attributed to its symmetrical short side-chain structure and ester groups.Furthermore,ethanol exhibited a significant improvement for surfactants in enhancing miscibility.Notably,the reduction of CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure increases to 27.9%by 3.0 wt%GT blended with 5.0 wt%ethanol.These findings demonstrate that blending surfactants with ethanol is a feasible and effective strategy to facilitate miscible CO_(2)flooding.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the field implementation of miscible CO_(2)-EOR.
文摘We investigated phytotoxicity in seven plant species exposed to a range of concentrations （0- 500 mg· kg^-1 soil） of di-n-butyl phthalate （DnBP） or his （2- ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, two representative phthalate esters （PAEs） nominated by USEPA as priority pollutants and known environmental estrogens. We studied seed germination, root elongation, seedling growth, biomass （fresh weight, FW） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content of shoots and roots of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）, perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne）, radish （Raphanus sativus L.）, cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.）, oat （Avena sativa） and onion （Allium cepa L.）, together with monitoring of plant pigment content （chlorophyll a, b and earotinoids） in alfalfa, radish and onion shoots. Root elongation, seedling growth and biomass of the test species were generally inhibited by DnBP but not by DEHP, indicating a lower level of phytotoxicity of DEHP than of DnBP. MDA contents of four species were promoted by PAE exposure, but not in alfalfa, ryegrass or onion shoots, indicating lower sensitivity of these three species to PAE pollutants. Plant pigment contents were clearly affected under the stress of both pollutants, implying the potential damage to the photosynthetic system of test plants, mainly by decreasing the content of chlorophyll a and b. Results of DnBP and DEHP phytotoxicity to the primary growth of test plants has provided information for the assessment of their environmental risk in the soil and also forms a basis for the further analysis of their toxic effects over the whole growth period of different plant species.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program） （No. 2007AA061110）, the Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Project KSCX2-YW-G-071） and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （Project BK2009016）.
文摘Dissipation and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in contaminated agricul- tural soil planted with perennial ryegrass were investigated in a field experiment. After two seasons of grass cultivation the mean concentration of 12 PAHs in soil decreased by 23.4% compared with the initial soil. The 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6- ring PAHs were dissipated by 30.9%, 25.5%, 21.2%, and 16.3% from the soil, respectively. Ryegrass shoots accumulated about 280 ug.kg1, shoot dry matter biomass reached 2.48 x 104kg-ha1, and plant uptake accounted for about 0.99% of the decrease in PAHs in the soil. Significantly higher soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity were observed in planted soil than that in the unplanted control. The results suggest that planting ryegrass may promote the dissipation of PAHs in long-term contaminated agricultural soil, and plant-promoted microbial degradation may be a main mechanism of phytoremediation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41201313&41230858)
文摘Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）, represent a particularly serious environmental problem and human health risk worldwide. Leguminous plants and their symbiotic bacteria （rhizobia） are important components of the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. However, there have been relatively few detailed studies of the remediation of PCB-contaminated soils by legume-rhizobia symbionts. Here we report for the first time evidence of the reductive dechlorination of 2,4,4＇-trichlorobiphenyl （PCB 28） by an alfalfa-rhizobium nitrogen fixing symbiont. Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） inoculated with wild-type Sinorhizobiurn meliloti had significantly larger biomass and PCB 28 accumulation than alfalfa inoculated with the nitrogenase negative mutant rhizobium SmY. Dechlorination products of PCB 28, 2,4＇-dichlorobiphenyl （PCB 8）, and the emission of chloride ion （C1-） were also found to decrease significantly in the ineffective nodules infected by the mutant strain SmY. We therefore hypothesize that N2-fixation by the legume-rhizobium symbiont is coupled with the reductive dechlorination of PCBs within the nodules. The combination of these two processes is of great importance to the biogeochemical cycling and bioremediation of organochlorine pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52176057)supported by the Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant E129kf1101)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB103)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(JCYJ20220530113011027,JCYJ20220818095605012).
文摘Over the years,natural gas hydrates(NGHs)have attracted significant attention as an emerging energy resource.Microfluidics is a novel technology used to observe the behaviour of NGHs in microchannels directly and has been applied to hydrates.Gas hydrate distributions and phase transitions are key parameters for exploitation and application.In this paper,advances in related research with microfluidics-based technology are reviewed,including the hydrate phase transition process and its mechanism of influence.Hydrate formation and decomposition directly influence the efficiency and sustainability of exploitation.In addition,studies of the hydrate phase transition provide basic data for future commercial exploitation.Moreover,extended applications,further developments and potential improvements in microfluidic techniques are also discussed.We believe that with an improved understanding of the hydrate phase transition mechanism,commercial exploitation of hydrates can be expected soon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52206076,51822603,U19B2005,52306205,52304098)Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907096)+5 种基金National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFC2800902)the and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(DUT21ZD103)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Liao Ning(2023-BS-060)Study on the marine solidification technology of CO_(2) hydrate(KJGG-2022-12-CCUS-0302)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012761,2023A1515012316,2022A1515110338)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220530113011027,JCYJ20220818095605012).
文摘CO_(2) capture and sequestration via the hydrate method has attracted much attention because of its high sequestration density and energy density.However,the influencing mechanism of the promoters on the formation of CO_(2) hydrate was not yet clarified.Also,there was no comprehensive review of the effect of promoters on CO_(2) hydrate formation from laboratory-scale studies.Therefore,this paper reviewed the effect of promoters on CO_(2) capture and sequestration via the hydrate method from the laboratory research scale.Typical CO_(2) hydrate formation processes were summarized in detail.And the characteristic parameters of CO_(2) hydrate were analyzed.Then,the different types of promoters were carefully overviewed.In particular,the influencing mechanisms of promoters on CO_(2) hydrates were highlighted and compared.Thermodynamic promoters mainly affected the conditions of hydrate formation,while kinetic promoters mainly acted at the gas-liquid contact interface.However,the promotional mechanism of CO_(2) hydrate promoters was controversial and the solution formulation units were not consistent.In addition,the effects of different promoters on CO_(2) capture,separation,and sequestration were also summarized.The existing studies ignored the CO_(2) hydrate formation experiments under in-situ conditions in the presence of promoters.The influence of different promoters on the sequestration effect was critically evaluated through parameters such as phase equilibrium curves,induction time,gas consumption,and sequestration density.A uniform evaluation standard for CO_(2) hydrate promoters was lacking.Finally,future development recommendations should focus on large-scale,low-energy,commercial,in-situ,environmentally friendly,and intelligent research directions.The review may provide some theoretical guidance for the commercial application of CO_(2) hydrate.
