Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofi...Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofiber carbon aerogels owing to their extremely dilute brittle interconnections and poor fiber toughness after carbonization.Herein,aramid nanofibers(ANF)/nanocellulose(CNF)dual-fibrous carbon aerogels are prepared,which exhibited supercompressibility and superelasticity due to the"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect of ANF and CNF and the design of in-plane micro-wrinkle honeycomb structure.The"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect improves interfacial interactions of nanofibers and optimizes the stress distribution of carbon aerogel.The highly ordered honeycomb structure with in-plane microwrinkles,formed by the bidirectional freezing and the difference in volume shrinkage during the carbonization between CNFs and ANFs,endows the CNF/ANF carbon aerogel with negative Poisson's ratio and high energy absorption capacity.These strategies significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of ANF/CNF carbon aerogel including the elasticity and fatigue resistance.As a result,the ultralight carbon aerogel(3.46 mg/cm^(3))exhibits excellent supercompression(undergoing an extreme strain of 95%)and elasticity(a stress retention up to 81.38% at 90% strain with 500 cycles and 96.15% at 50%strain with 10,000 cycles).The nanofiber carbon aerogel shows excellent multifunctional properties in flexible piezoresistive sensor and anisotropic thermal insulation materials,including a desirable sensitivity(as high as 48.74 kPa^(-1))and an instant response time(~40 ms),an anisotropy factor of 3.69 and an ultralow radial thermal conductivity(0.012 W m^(-1) K^(-1)).These properties make dual-fibrous carbon aerogels highly attractive in pressure sensors and thermal management applications.展开更多
The amniote pallium,a vital component of the forebrain,exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions,including sensory processing,memory formation,and learning.However,the...The amniote pallium,a vital component of the forebrain,exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions,including sensory processing,memory formation,and learning.However,the relationships among pallial subregions in different species remain poorly characterized,particularly regarding the identification of homologous neurons and their transcriptional signatures.In this study,we utilized singlenucleus RNA sequencing to examine over 130?000 nuclei from the macaque(Macaca fascicularis)neocortex,complemented by datasets from humans(Homo sapiens),mice(Mus musculus),zebra finches(Taeniopygia guttata),turtles(Chrysemys picta bellii),and lizards(Pogona vitticeps),enablingcomprehensivecross-species comparison.Results revealed transcriptomic conservation and species-specific distinctions within the amniote pallium.Notable similarities were observed among cell subtypes,particularly within PVALB+inhibitory neurons,which exhibited species-preferred subtypes.Furthermore,correlations between pallial subregions and several transcription factor candidates were identified,including RARB,DLX2,STAT6,NR3C1,and THRB,with potential regulatory roles in gene expression in mammalian pallial neurons compared to their avian and reptilian counterparts.These results highlight the conserved nature of inhibitory neurons,remarkable regional divergence of excitatory neurons,and species-specific gene expression and regulation in amniote pallial neurons.Collectively,these findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of the amniote pallium.展开更多
We obtained TiNiSn-based half-Heusler Hf_(x)Ti_(1-x)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)bulks with 85%-96%relative densities via 5-min microwave synthesis and 20-min microwave sintering in sealed vacuum.The phase composition and micr...We obtained TiNiSn-based half-Heusler Hf_(x)Ti_(1-x)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)bulks with 85%-96%relative densities via 5-min microwave synthesis and 20-min microwave sintering in sealed vacuum.The phase composition and microstructure of samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Thermoelectric(TE)properties were measured,i.e.,Seebeck coefficient(S),electrical resistivity(ρ),and thermal conductivity(κ)through Seebeck coefficient/resistance analysis system(S/RAs)and laser flash thermal analyzer(LFT).The results show that the nearly single phase exists after microwave sintering.The grain sizes and the number of grain boundaries decrease with increase in Hf-doping amount due to an increase in point defects.The matrix grains for Hf_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)are~10μm.The nanoscle pores and precipitates are present as second phases in matrix grain.The real composition for Hf_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)matrix grain is Hf_(3.51)Ti_(28.76)-Ni_(34.76)Sn_(31.55)Sb_(1.43).The variation trends of electrical resistivity,Seebeck coefficient,power factor,and thermal conductivity were analyzed in detail.The maximum figure of merit(ZT)of 0.46 is obtained for Hf_(0.1)Ti_(0.9-)NiSnSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)at 723 K.The innovation route exhibits advantages for predation of TE bulks when compared to the conventional methods,especially in terms of efficiency while it still maintains TE performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is classified under fibrotic interstitial pneumonia,characterized by a chronic and progressive course.The predominant clinical features of IPF include dyspnea and pulmonary...BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is classified under fibrotic interstitial pneumonia,characterized by a chronic and progressive course.The predominant clinical features of IPF include dyspnea and pulmonary dysfunction.AIM To assess the effects of pirfenidone in the early treatment of IPF on lung function in patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 113 patients with IPF who were treated in our hospital from November 2017 to January 2023.These patients were divided into two groups:control group(n=53)and observation group(n=60).In the control group,patients received routine therapy in combination with methylprednisolone tablets,while those in the observation group received routine therapy together with pirfenidone.After applying these distinct treatment approaches to the two groups,we assessed several parameters,including the overall effectiveness of clinical therapy,the occurrence of adverse reactions(e.g.,nausea,vomiting,and anorexia),symptom severity scores,pulmonary function index levels,inflammatory marker levels,and the 6-min walk distance before and after treatment in both groups.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly higher rates than the control group after therapy,with a clear distinction(P<0.05).After treatment,the observation group experienced significantly fewer adverse reactions than the control group,with a noticeable difference(P<0.05).When analyzing the symptom severity scores between the two groups of patients after treatment,the observation group had significantly lower scores than the control group,with a distinct difference(P<0.05).When comparing the pulmonary function index levels between the two groups of patients after therapy,the observation group displayed significantly higher levels than the control group,with a noticeable difference(P<0.05).Evaluating the inflammatory marker data(C-reactive protein,interleukin-2[IL-2],and IL-8)between the two groups of patients after therapy,the observation group exhibited significantly lower levels than the control group,with significant disparities(P<0.05).Comparison of the 6-min walking distance data between the two groups of patients after treatment showed that the observation group achieved significantly greater distances than the control group,with a marked difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Prompt initiation of pirfenidone treatment in individuals diagnosed with IPF can enhance pulmonary function,elevate inflammatory factor levels,and increase the distance covered in the 6-min walk test.This intervention is conducive to effectively decreasing the occurrence of adverse reactions in patients.展开更多
文摘Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofiber carbon aerogels owing to their extremely dilute brittle interconnections and poor fiber toughness after carbonization.Herein,aramid nanofibers(ANF)/nanocellulose(CNF)dual-fibrous carbon aerogels are prepared,which exhibited supercompressibility and superelasticity due to the"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect of ANF and CNF and the design of in-plane micro-wrinkle honeycomb structure.The"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect improves interfacial interactions of nanofibers and optimizes the stress distribution of carbon aerogel.The highly ordered honeycomb structure with in-plane microwrinkles,formed by the bidirectional freezing and the difference in volume shrinkage during the carbonization between CNFs and ANFs,endows the CNF/ANF carbon aerogel with negative Poisson's ratio and high energy absorption capacity.These strategies significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of ANF/CNF carbon aerogel including the elasticity and fatigue resistance.As a result,the ultralight carbon aerogel(3.46 mg/cm^(3))exhibits excellent supercompression(undergoing an extreme strain of 95%)and elasticity(a stress retention up to 81.38% at 90% strain with 500 cycles and 96.15% at 50%strain with 10,000 cycles).The nanofiber carbon aerogel shows excellent multifunctional properties in flexible piezoresistive sensor and anisotropic thermal insulation materials,including a desirable sensitivity(as high as 48.74 kPa^(-1))and an instant response time(~40 ms),an anisotropy factor of 3.69 and an ultralow radial thermal conductivity(0.012 W m^(-1) K^(-1)).These properties make dual-fibrous carbon aerogels highly attractive in pressure sensors and thermal management applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YEF0203200)National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program (STI2030-2021ZD0200100)National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFA0801400,2021YFA0805100)。
文摘The amniote pallium,a vital component of the forebrain,exhibits considerable evolutionary divergence across species and mediates diverse functions,including sensory processing,memory formation,and learning.However,the relationships among pallial subregions in different species remain poorly characterized,particularly regarding the identification of homologous neurons and their transcriptional signatures.In this study,we utilized singlenucleus RNA sequencing to examine over 130?000 nuclei from the macaque(Macaca fascicularis)neocortex,complemented by datasets from humans(Homo sapiens),mice(Mus musculus),zebra finches(Taeniopygia guttata),turtles(Chrysemys picta bellii),and lizards(Pogona vitticeps),enablingcomprehensivecross-species comparison.Results revealed transcriptomic conservation and species-specific distinctions within the amniote pallium.Notable similarities were observed among cell subtypes,particularly within PVALB+inhibitory neurons,which exhibited species-preferred subtypes.Furthermore,correlations between pallial subregions and several transcription factor candidates were identified,including RARB,DLX2,STAT6,NR3C1,and THRB,with potential regulatory roles in gene expression in mammalian pallial neurons compared to their avian and reptilian counterparts.These results highlight the conserved nature of inhibitory neurons,remarkable regional divergence of excitatory neurons,and species-specific gene expression and regulation in amniote pallial neurons.Collectively,these findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of the amniote pallium.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51574134 and 51574042)the Joint Fund between Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals (No.18LHPY016)Anhui University Outstanding Young Talent Support Program (Key Project) (No.gxyq ZD2017039)。
文摘We obtained TiNiSn-based half-Heusler Hf_(x)Ti_(1-x)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)bulks with 85%-96%relative densities via 5-min microwave synthesis and 20-min microwave sintering in sealed vacuum.The phase composition and microstructure of samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Thermoelectric(TE)properties were measured,i.e.,Seebeck coefficient(S),electrical resistivity(ρ),and thermal conductivity(κ)through Seebeck coefficient/resistance analysis system(S/RAs)and laser flash thermal analyzer(LFT).The results show that the nearly single phase exists after microwave sintering.The grain sizes and the number of grain boundaries decrease with increase in Hf-doping amount due to an increase in point defects.The matrix grains for Hf_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)are~10μm.The nanoscle pores and precipitates are present as second phases in matrix grain.The real composition for Hf_(0.1)Ti_(0.9)NiSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)matrix grain is Hf_(3.51)Ti_(28.76)-Ni_(34.76)Sn_(31.55)Sb_(1.43).The variation trends of electrical resistivity,Seebeck coefficient,power factor,and thermal conductivity were analyzed in detail.The maximum figure of merit(ZT)of 0.46 is obtained for Hf_(0.1)Ti_(0.9-)NiSnSn_(0.97)Sb_(0.03)at 723 K.The innovation route exhibits advantages for predation of TE bulks when compared to the conventional methods,especially in terms of efficiency while it still maintains TE performance.
文摘BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is classified under fibrotic interstitial pneumonia,characterized by a chronic and progressive course.The predominant clinical features of IPF include dyspnea and pulmonary dysfunction.AIM To assess the effects of pirfenidone in the early treatment of IPF on lung function in patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 113 patients with IPF who were treated in our hospital from November 2017 to January 2023.These patients were divided into two groups:control group(n=53)and observation group(n=60).In the control group,patients received routine therapy in combination with methylprednisolone tablets,while those in the observation group received routine therapy together with pirfenidone.After applying these distinct treatment approaches to the two groups,we assessed several parameters,including the overall effectiveness of clinical therapy,the occurrence of adverse reactions(e.g.,nausea,vomiting,and anorexia),symptom severity scores,pulmonary function index levels,inflammatory marker levels,and the 6-min walk distance before and after treatment in both groups.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly higher rates than the control group after therapy,with a clear distinction(P<0.05).After treatment,the observation group experienced significantly fewer adverse reactions than the control group,with a noticeable difference(P<0.05).When analyzing the symptom severity scores between the two groups of patients after treatment,the observation group had significantly lower scores than the control group,with a distinct difference(P<0.05).When comparing the pulmonary function index levels between the two groups of patients after therapy,the observation group displayed significantly higher levels than the control group,with a noticeable difference(P<0.05).Evaluating the inflammatory marker data(C-reactive protein,interleukin-2[IL-2],and IL-8)between the two groups of patients after therapy,the observation group exhibited significantly lower levels than the control group,with significant disparities(P<0.05).Comparison of the 6-min walking distance data between the two groups of patients after treatment showed that the observation group achieved significantly greater distances than the control group,with a marked difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Prompt initiation of pirfenidone treatment in individuals diagnosed with IPF can enhance pulmonary function,elevate inflammatory factor levels,and increase the distance covered in the 6-min walk test.This intervention is conducive to effectively decreasing the occurrence of adverse reactions in patients.
