Purpose: To explore the interventional effects of campus psychodrama on improving the interpersonal trust among college students. Methods: 16 college students with low levels of interpersonal trust were selected to co...Purpose: To explore the interventional effects of campus psychodrama on improving the interpersonal trust among college students. Methods: 16 college students with low levels of interpersonal trust were selected to conduct 5 sessions of psychodrama therapy. Results: The subject group has gone through stages of ice breaking, performance, and sharing. Through group counseling with psychodrama, the social avoidance and distressful behaviors of the subjects have been alleviated, and their levels of interpersonal trust demonstrated notable change. Conclusion: Campus psychodrama is an effective group counseling approach for improving college students’ interpersonal trust.展开更多
This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college s...This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college students. The results showed that, regarding brain function, some dimensions of social adjustment were associated with the insula, and some regions of the frontal and occipital lobes. Self-adjustment and satisfaction required activation of the middle frontal gyrus, while career adjustment and academic adjustment required inhibition of the inferior frontal gyrus and lingual gyrus, respectively. Decreased metabolic activity of the lingual gyrus was beneficial for obtaining satisfaction. Regarding brain structure, the total score and some dimensions of social adaptation were associated with the gray matter of portions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The superior temporal gyrus was associated with the total social adjustment and satisfaction score, the middle temporal gyrus with campus-life adjustment and satisfaction, and the post central gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule with emotional adjustment. The changes in the gray matter volume of these brain regions to a certain extent reflected socially adaptive behaviors. The results suggest that social adaptability is associated with various brain regions dispersed among both hemispheres of the brain, and requires synergistic inter-actions between multiple brain regions and both brain hemispheres.展开更多
Objective:To study the correlation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) polymorphism with inflammasome activity and endothelial damage in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods:Patients diagnosed with acute ...Objective:To study the correlation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) polymorphism with inflammasome activity and endothelial damage in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods:Patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris in Mianyang Central Hospital between May 2013 and August 2016 were selected and included in ACS group and SAP group respectively, and healthy volunteers who received physical examination during the same period were selected as control group. Peripheral blood was collected to detect NLRP3 gene rs10754558 loci polymorphism, and serum was separated to determine inflammasome activity indexes and endothelial injury indexes.Results:NLRP3 gene GG genotype and GC genotype constituent ratio of ACS group were significantly higher than those of SAP group and control group while CC genotype constituent ratio was significantly lower than that of SAP group and control group, and serum IL-1β, IL-18, E-selectin, vWF and ET-1 levels were significantly higher than those of SAP group and control group while serum NO level was significantly lower than that of SAP group and control group;serum IL-1β, IL-18, E-selectin, vWF and ET-1 levels in ACS patients with GG genotype and GC genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with CC genotype while NO levels were significantly lower than those in patients with CC genotype, and serum IL-1β, IL-18, E-selectin, vWF and ET-1 levels in ACS patients with GG genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with GC genotype while NO level was significantly lower than that in patients with GC genotype.Conclusions: The increased NLRP3 gene rs10754558 loci alleles G in patients with ACS will increase inflammasome activity and endothelial injury.展开更多
Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and s...Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and speciation inmicroalgae remain unclear.Here,we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,namely CC-125(wild type)and CC-503(cell walldeficientmutant),to examine the algal growth,EPS synthesis,As adsorption,absorption and transformation under 10–1000μg/L As(III)and As(V)treatments for 96 h.In both strains,the As absorption increased after the EPS removal,but the growth,As adsorption,and transformation of C.reinhardtii declined.The CC-125 strain was more tolerant to As stress and more efficient in EPS production,As accumulation,and redox transformation than CC-503,irrespective of EPS presence or absence.Three-dimension excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR)analyses showed that As was bound with functional groups in the EPS and cell wall,such as-COOH,NH and-OH in proteins,polysaccharides and amino acids.Together,this study demonstrated that EPS and cell wall acted as barriers to lower the As uptake by C.reinhardtii.However,the cell wall mutant strain wasmore susceptible to As toxicity due to lower EPS induction and higher As absorption.展开更多
To develop the initial sandplay picture system for Chinese young internet addicts (ISPSCYIA) for the diagnosis and testing studies on internet addiction, 22 pictures were selected from the used pictures of initial san...To develop the initial sandplay picture system for Chinese young internet addicts (ISPSCYIA) for the diagnosis and testing studies on internet addiction, 22 pictures were selected from the used pictures of initial sandplay in existing research results of initial sandplay of Chinese young Internet addicts. 54 normal adolescents were recruited to evaluate the valence of the pictures on a nine-point scale in terms of clarity, pleasure and arousal. Results were shown that there were no significant differences between addiction pictures and non-addiction pictures in clarity, while there were significant differences in pleasure and arousal, as the scores of non-addiction pictures were higher. Correlation analysis indicated that there was obvious positive correlation among clarity, pleasure and arousal of addiction pictures & non-addiction pictures. The coefficients of internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability of 22 pictures’ scores exhibited both over 0.90. ISPSCYIA has proved typical and distinctive through valence assessment, which could be preliminarily applied to measure the characteristics of Chinese adolescents’ internet addiction.展开更多
Wastewater with relatively high nitrogen concentrations is a major source of nitrous oxide(N_2O) and methane(CH_4) emissions and exerts multiple stresses on the environment.Studies have shown that plant diversity play...Wastewater with relatively high nitrogen concentrations is a major source of nitrous oxide(N_2O) and methane(CH_4) emissions and exerts multiple stresses on the environment.Studies have shown that plant diversity plays an important role in ecosystem functioning.However, the effects of plant species diversity on CH_4 and N_2O emissions under high ammonium(NH_4^+-N) loading rates remain unclear. In this study, a microcosm experiment simulating vertical constructed wetlands supplied with high NH_4^+-N water levels was established. The treatments included four species richness levels(1, 2, 3, 4) and 15 species compositions. There was no significant relationship between species richness and N_2O emissions. However, N_2O emissions were significantly reduced by specific plant species composition. Notably, the communities with the presence of Rumex japonicus L. reduced N_2O emissions by 62% compared to communities without this species. This reduction in N_2O emissions may have been a result of decreased N concentrations and increased plant biomass. CH_4 emissions did not respond to plant species richness or species identity.Overall, plant species identity surpassed species richness in lowering N_2O emissions from constructed wetlands with high NH_4^+-N water. The results also suggest that communities with R. japonicus could achieve higher N removal and lower greenhouse gas emissions than other wetland species.展开更多
Suffusion in broadly graded granular soils is caused by fluid flow and is a typical cause of geo-hazards.Previous studies of it have mainly focused on suffusion in homogeneous soil specimens.In this study,the coupled ...Suffusion in broadly graded granular soils is caused by fluid flow and is a typical cause of geo-hazards.Previous studies of it have mainly focused on suffusion in homogeneous soil specimens.In this study,the coupled discrete element method(DEM)and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)approach is adopted to model suffusion in multi-layered soils with different fines contents,and soils with one or more impermeable zones.The parameters of the CFD-DEM model are first calibrated with the classic Ergun test and a good match with experiment is obtained.Then suffusion in multi-layered soils with different fines contents and impermeable zones is simulated and discussed.The simulation results show that,for soils with multiple layers,the cumulative eroded mass is mainly determined by the fines content of the bottom layer.In general,the higher the fines content of the bottom soil layer,the higher the cumulative eroded mass.In addition,suffusion is more severe if the fines content of the layer above is decreased.Impermeable zones inside soil specimens can increase the flow velocity around those zones,facilitating the migration of fine particles and intensifying suffusion.展开更多
The increasingly serious problem of acid rain is leading to increased potassium （K） loss from soils, and in our field investigation, we found that even congenerically relative Mosla species show different tolerance ...The increasingly serious problem of acid rain is leading to increased potassium （K） loss from soils, and in our field investigation, we found that even congenerically relative Mosla species show different tolerance to K-deficiency. A hydroponic study was conducted on the growth of two Mosla species and their morphological, physiological and stoichiometric traits in response to limited （0.35 mmol K/L）, normal （3.25 mmol K/L） and excessive （6.50 mmol K/L） K concentrations. Mosla hangchowensis is an endangered plant, whereas Mosla dianthera a widespread weed. In the case of M. hangchowensis, in comparison with normal K concentration, K-limitation induced a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, soluble protein content, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） actix, ity, but an increase in malondialdehyde （MDA） concentration. However, leaf mass ratio （LMR） and root mass ratio （RMR） were changed little by K-limitation. In contrast, for M. dianthera, K-limitation had little effect on Pn, soluble protein content, SOD activity, and MDA concentration, but increased LMR and RMR. Critical values of N （nitrogen）：K and K：P （phosphorus） ratios in the shoots indicated that limitation in acquiring K occurred under K-limited conditions for M. hangchowensis but not for M. dianthera. We found that low K content in natural habitats was a restrictive factor in the growth and distribution of M.. hangchowensis, and soil K-deficiency caused by acid rain worsened the situation of M. hangchowensis, while M. dianthera could well acclimate to the increasing K-deficiency. We suggest that controlling the acid rain and applying K fertilizers may be an effective way to rescue the endangered M. hangchowensis.展开更多
A reproducible synthetic strategy was developed for facile large-scale (200 mg) synthesis of surface silanized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) for biological applications.After further coupling a phosphate-speci...A reproducible synthetic strategy was developed for facile large-scale (200 mg) synthesis of surface silanized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) for biological applications.After further coupling a phosphate-specific affinity ligand,these functionalized magnetic NPs were used for the highly specific enrichment of phosphoproteins from a complex biological mixture.Moreover,correlating the surface silane density of the silanized magnetite NPs to their resultant enrichment performance established a simple and reliable quality assurance control to ensure reproducible synthesis of these NPs routinely in large scale and optimal phosphoprotein enrichment performance from batch-to-batch.Furthermore,by successful exploitation of a top-down phosphoproteomics strategy that integrates this high throughput nanoproteomics platform with online liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS),we were able to specifically enrich,identify,and characterize endogenous phosphoproteins from highly complex human cardiac tissue homogenate.This nanoproteomics platform possesses a unique combination of scalability,specificity,reproducibility,and efficiency for the capture and enrichment of low abundance proteins in general,thereby enabling downstream proteomics applications.展开更多
Liquid-solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerators(LST-TENGs)hold significant promise for environmental mechanical energy harvesting due to advantages such as low wear,long service life and simple fabrication.However,t...Liquid-solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerators(LST-TENGs)hold significant promise for environmental mechanical energy harvesting due to advantages such as low wear,long service life and simple fabrication.However,the lack of unified standards and norms of design leads the output performance still being lower than that of traditional solid-solid TENGs.In this study,we first report a comprehensive set of standards for designing high-performance LST-TENGs based on several of the most critical factors,including the selection of triboelectric materials,the choice of motion modes,and the determination of structural parameters.Guided by the designing standards,the charge generation capability of LST-TENGs is optimized and enhanced by over 100-fold.The transferred charge can reach up to 3.4μC,which is a new record for all kinds of LST-TENGs.Notably,the practical application potential of design standards has been demonstrated in the actual harvesting of wave energy.This study establishes a fundamental design standard for designing highperformance LST-TENGs and holds excellent potential to accelerate the industrialization of TENGs.展开更多
Redox conditions in paddy soils may vary as they are submerged and drained during rice growth. This change may bring about reductive dissolution of iron （Fe） oxides and subsequent formation of secondary Fe-bearing m...Redox conditions in paddy soils may vary as they are submerged and drained during rice growth. This change may bring about reductive dissolution of iron （Fe） oxides and subsequent formation of secondary Fe-bearing minerals in rice paddies. The mobility and bioavailability of metal contaminants such as cadmium （Cd） in paddy soils are closely related to the chemical behaviors of Fe. Therefore, in this paper, advances in the study of paddy Fe redox transformations and their effects on Cd availability to rice are briefly reviewed. Current concepts presented in this review include the forms of Fe in paddy soils, the reactions involved in Fe oxidation-reduction, chemical factors affecting Fe redox processes, Cd availability to rice and the impacts of Fe transformation on Cd uptake and translocation in rice. Prospects for future research in this area are also discussed.展开更多
文摘Purpose: To explore the interventional effects of campus psychodrama on improving the interpersonal trust among college students. Methods: 16 college students with low levels of interpersonal trust were selected to conduct 5 sessions of psychodrama therapy. Results: The subject group has gone through stages of ice breaking, performance, and sharing. Through group counseling with psychodrama, the social avoidance and distressful behaviors of the subjects have been alleviated, and their levels of interpersonal trust demonstrated notable change. Conclusion: Campus psychodrama is an effective group counseling approach for improving college students’ interpersonal trust.
文摘This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college students. The results showed that, regarding brain function, some dimensions of social adjustment were associated with the insula, and some regions of the frontal and occipital lobes. Self-adjustment and satisfaction required activation of the middle frontal gyrus, while career adjustment and academic adjustment required inhibition of the inferior frontal gyrus and lingual gyrus, respectively. Decreased metabolic activity of the lingual gyrus was beneficial for obtaining satisfaction. Regarding brain structure, the total score and some dimensions of social adaptation were associated with the gray matter of portions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The superior temporal gyrus was associated with the total social adjustment and satisfaction score, the middle temporal gyrus with campus-life adjustment and satisfaction, and the post central gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule with emotional adjustment. The changes in the gray matter volume of these brain regions to a certain extent reflected socially adaptive behaviors. The results suggest that social adaptability is associated with various brain regions dispersed among both hemispheres of the brain, and requires synergistic inter-actions between multiple brain regions and both brain hemispheres.
文摘Objective:To study the correlation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) polymorphism with inflammasome activity and endothelial damage in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods:Patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina pectoris in Mianyang Central Hospital between May 2013 and August 2016 were selected and included in ACS group and SAP group respectively, and healthy volunteers who received physical examination during the same period were selected as control group. Peripheral blood was collected to detect NLRP3 gene rs10754558 loci polymorphism, and serum was separated to determine inflammasome activity indexes and endothelial injury indexes.Results:NLRP3 gene GG genotype and GC genotype constituent ratio of ACS group were significantly higher than those of SAP group and control group while CC genotype constituent ratio was significantly lower than that of SAP group and control group, and serum IL-1β, IL-18, E-selectin, vWF and ET-1 levels were significantly higher than those of SAP group and control group while serum NO level was significantly lower than that of SAP group and control group;serum IL-1β, IL-18, E-selectin, vWF and ET-1 levels in ACS patients with GG genotype and GC genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with CC genotype while NO levels were significantly lower than those in patients with CC genotype, and serum IL-1β, IL-18, E-selectin, vWF and ET-1 levels in ACS patients with GG genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with GC genotype while NO level was significantly lower than that in patients with GC genotype.Conclusions: The increased NLRP3 gene rs10754558 loci alleles G in patients with ACS will increase inflammasome activity and endothelial injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171623 and 31770548)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFD0800306 and 2017YFD0800305).
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and speciation inmicroalgae remain unclear.Here,we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,namely CC-125(wild type)and CC-503(cell walldeficientmutant),to examine the algal growth,EPS synthesis,As adsorption,absorption and transformation under 10–1000μg/L As(III)and As(V)treatments for 96 h.In both strains,the As absorption increased after the EPS removal,but the growth,As adsorption,and transformation of C.reinhardtii declined.The CC-125 strain was more tolerant to As stress and more efficient in EPS production,As accumulation,and redox transformation than CC-503,irrespective of EPS presence or absence.Three-dimension excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR)analyses showed that As was bound with functional groups in the EPS and cell wall,such as-COOH,NH and-OH in proteins,polysaccharides and amino acids.Together,this study demonstrated that EPS and cell wall acted as barriers to lower the As uptake by C.reinhardtii.However,the cell wall mutant strain wasmore susceptible to As toxicity due to lower EPS induction and higher As absorption.
文摘To develop the initial sandplay picture system for Chinese young internet addicts (ISPSCYIA) for the diagnosis and testing studies on internet addiction, 22 pictures were selected from the used pictures of initial sandplay in existing research results of initial sandplay of Chinese young Internet addicts. 54 normal adolescents were recruited to evaluate the valence of the pictures on a nine-point scale in terms of clarity, pleasure and arousal. Results were shown that there were no significant differences between addiction pictures and non-addiction pictures in clarity, while there were significant differences in pleasure and arousal, as the scores of non-addiction pictures were higher. Correlation analysis indicated that there was obvious positive correlation among clarity, pleasure and arousal of addiction pictures & non-addiction pictures. The coefficients of internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability of 22 pictures’ scores exhibited both over 0.90. ISPSCYIA has proved typical and distinctive through valence assessment, which could be preliminarily applied to measure the characteristics of Chinese adolescents’ internet addiction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31670329,31470463,31500321,31770434)
文摘Wastewater with relatively high nitrogen concentrations is a major source of nitrous oxide(N_2O) and methane(CH_4) emissions and exerts multiple stresses on the environment.Studies have shown that plant diversity plays an important role in ecosystem functioning.However, the effects of plant species diversity on CH_4 and N_2O emissions under high ammonium(NH_4^+-N) loading rates remain unclear. In this study, a microcosm experiment simulating vertical constructed wetlands supplied with high NH_4^+-N water levels was established. The treatments included four species richness levels(1, 2, 3, 4) and 15 species compositions. There was no significant relationship between species richness and N_2O emissions. However, N_2O emissions were significantly reduced by specific plant species composition. Notably, the communities with the presence of Rumex japonicus L. reduced N_2O emissions by 62% compared to communities without this species. This reduction in N_2O emissions may have been a result of decreased N concentrations and increased plant biomass. CH_4 emissions did not respond to plant species richness or species identity.Overall, plant species identity surpassed species richness in lowering N_2O emissions from constructed wetlands with high NH_4^+-N water. The results also suggest that communities with R. japonicus could achieve higher N removal and lower greenhouse gas emissions than other wetland species.
基金This work is supported by the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong(No.15226322)the National Natu‐ral Science Foundation of China(No.42207210).
文摘Suffusion in broadly graded granular soils is caused by fluid flow and is a typical cause of geo-hazards.Previous studies of it have mainly focused on suffusion in homogeneous soil specimens.In this study,the coupled discrete element method(DEM)and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)approach is adopted to model suffusion in multi-layered soils with different fines contents,and soils with one or more impermeable zones.The parameters of the CFD-DEM model are first calibrated with the classic Ergun test and a good match with experiment is obtained.Then suffusion in multi-layered soils with different fines contents and impermeable zones is simulated and discussed.The simulation results show that,for soils with multiple layers,the cumulative eroded mass is mainly determined by the fines content of the bottom layer.In general,the higher the fines content of the bottom soil layer,the higher the cumulative eroded mass.In addition,suffusion is more severe if the fines content of the layer above is decreased.Impermeable zones inside soil specimens can increase the flow velocity around those zones,facilitating the migration of fine particles and intensifying suffusion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30570113)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No.20060335008),China
文摘The increasingly serious problem of acid rain is leading to increased potassium （K） loss from soils, and in our field investigation, we found that even congenerically relative Mosla species show different tolerance to K-deficiency. A hydroponic study was conducted on the growth of two Mosla species and their morphological, physiological and stoichiometric traits in response to limited （0.35 mmol K/L）, normal （3.25 mmol K/L） and excessive （6.50 mmol K/L） K concentrations. Mosla hangchowensis is an endangered plant, whereas Mosla dianthera a widespread weed. In the case of M. hangchowensis, in comparison with normal K concentration, K-limitation induced a significant reduction in net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, soluble protein content, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） actix, ity, but an increase in malondialdehyde （MDA） concentration. However, leaf mass ratio （LMR） and root mass ratio （RMR） were changed little by K-limitation. In contrast, for M. dianthera, K-limitation had little effect on Pn, soluble protein content, SOD activity, and MDA concentration, but increased LMR and RMR. Critical values of N （nitrogen）：K and K：P （phosphorus） ratios in the shoots indicated that limitation in acquiring K occurred under K-limited conditions for M. hangchowensis but not for M. dianthera. We found that low K content in natural habitats was a restrictive factor in the growth and distribution of M.. hangchowensis, and soil K-deficiency caused by acid rain worsened the situation of M. hangchowensis, while M. dianthera could well acclimate to the increasing K-deficiency. We suggest that controlling the acid rain and applying K fertilizers may be an effective way to rescue the endangered M. hangchowensis.
文摘A reproducible synthetic strategy was developed for facile large-scale (200 mg) synthesis of surface silanized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) for biological applications.After further coupling a phosphate-specific affinity ligand,these functionalized magnetic NPs were used for the highly specific enrichment of phosphoproteins from a complex biological mixture.Moreover,correlating the surface silane density of the silanized magnetite NPs to their resultant enrichment performance established a simple and reliable quality assurance control to ensure reproducible synthesis of these NPs routinely in large scale and optimal phosphoprotein enrichment performance from batch-to-batch.Furthermore,by successful exploitation of a top-down phosphoproteomics strategy that integrates this high throughput nanoproteomics platform with online liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS),we were able to specifically enrich,identify,and characterize endogenous phosphoproteins from highly complex human cardiac tissue homogenate.This nanoproteomics platform possesses a unique combination of scalability,specificity,reproducibility,and efficiency for the capture and enrichment of low abundance proteins in general,thereby enabling downstream proteomics applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project from Minister of Science and Technology(No.2021YFA1201601)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.ZDBS-LY-DQC025).
文摘Liquid-solid tubular triboelectric nanogenerators(LST-TENGs)hold significant promise for environmental mechanical energy harvesting due to advantages such as low wear,long service life and simple fabrication.However,the lack of unified standards and norms of design leads the output performance still being lower than that of traditional solid-solid TENGs.In this study,we first report a comprehensive set of standards for designing high-performance LST-TENGs based on several of the most critical factors,including the selection of triboelectric materials,the choice of motion modes,and the determination of structural parameters.Guided by the designing standards,the charge generation capability of LST-TENGs is optimized and enhanced by over 100-fold.The transferred charge can reach up to 3.4μC,which is a new record for all kinds of LST-TENGs.Notably,the practical application potential of design standards has been demonstrated in the actual harvesting of wave energy.This study establishes a fundamental design standard for designing highperformance LST-TENGs and holds excellent potential to accelerate the industrialization of TENGs.
基金Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30700479）, Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （Nos. 20090097110035 and 20110097110004）, Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science （No. Y052010019） and National Undergraduate Student Innovational Research Training Program （No. 091030726） are greatly acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Professor William Hendershot of McGill University for the editing of this manuscript.
文摘Redox conditions in paddy soils may vary as they are submerged and drained during rice growth. This change may bring about reductive dissolution of iron （Fe） oxides and subsequent formation of secondary Fe-bearing minerals in rice paddies. The mobility and bioavailability of metal contaminants such as cadmium （Cd） in paddy soils are closely related to the chemical behaviors of Fe. Therefore, in this paper, advances in the study of paddy Fe redox transformations and their effects on Cd availability to rice are briefly reviewed. Current concepts presented in this review include the forms of Fe in paddy soils, the reactions involved in Fe oxidation-reduction, chemical factors affecting Fe redox processes, Cd availability to rice and the impacts of Fe transformation on Cd uptake and translocation in rice. Prospects for future research in this area are also discussed.
