To investigate the potential of KTIG-MIG coupling welding in improving welding efficiency and quality for medium-thickness Q235B low-carbon steel plates,this study specifically analyzes the microstructural characteris...To investigate the potential of KTIG-MIG coupling welding in improving welding efficiency and quality for medium-thickness Q235B low-carbon steel plates,this study specifically analyzes the microstructural characteristics of three distinct regions in butt joints-the base metal(BM),heat-affected zone(HAZ),and weld metal zone(WMZ)-while simultaneously conducting comprehensive mechanical property testing on the welded joints.The test results of mechanical properties are combined with the data of microstructure analysis.The relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure of the WMZ of the butt joint is found.The results show that the microstructure of weld zone does not change significantly with the increase of heat input,but the grain structure of fusion zone and heat affected zone increases gradually.The tensile properties of welded joints are better than those of base materials under different heat input conditions.展开更多
This article studies the effects of different Sn contents on the melting characteristics,microstructure,and mechanical properties of brazed joints of low-silver BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La brazing material.A differential ther...This article studies the effects of different Sn contents on the melting characteristics,microstructure,and mechanical properties of brazed joints of low-silver BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La brazing material.A differential thermal analyzer(HCR-1)was used to measure the solid-liquidus temperature of BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La-xSn brazing material.The results show that the addition of Sn element effect-ively reduces the solid-liquidus temperature of BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La brazing material.Microstructural characterization was con-ducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),etc.Analysis re-veals that progressive aggregation and precipitation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds occur with increasing Sn content,leading to microstructural coarsening.Notably,severe grain coarsening is observed when the Sn content reaches 4 wt.%.Shear testing of the BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La-xSn brazing joints reveals a non-monotonic trend in joint strength:as Sn content increases,the shear strength initially improves but subsequently deteriorates after reaching an optimal value.展开更多
Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is a neurodegenerative disorder in which amyloid b plaques are a pathological characteristic. Little is known about the physiological functions of amyloid b precursor protein（APP）. Based o...Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is a neurodegenerative disorder in which amyloid b plaques are a pathological characteristic. Little is known about the physiological functions of amyloid b precursor protein（APP）. Based on its structure as a type I transmembrane protein, it has been proposed that APP might be a receptor, but so far, no ligand has been reported. In the present study, 9 proteins binding to the extracellular domain of APP were identified using a yeast two-hybrid system. After confirming the interactions in the mammalian system, mutated PLP1,members of the FLRT protein family, and KCTD16 were shown to interact with APP. These proteins have been reported to be involved in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease（PMD） and axon guidance. Therefore, our results shed light on the mechanisms of physiological function of APP in AD, PMD, and axon guidance.展开更多
Remote sensing Change Detection(CD)involves identifying changing regions of interest in bi-temporal remote sensing images.CD technology has rapidly developed in recent years through the powerful learning ability of Co...Remote sensing Change Detection(CD)involves identifying changing regions of interest in bi-temporal remote sensing images.CD technology has rapidly developed in recent years through the powerful learning ability of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),affording complex feature extraction.However,the local receptive fields in the CNN limit modeling long-range contextual relationships in semantic changes.Therefore,this work explores the great potential of Siamese Transformers in CD tasks and proposes a general CD model entitled STCD that relies on Swin Transformers.In the encoding process,pure Transformers without CNN are used to model the long-range context of semantic tokens,reducing computational overhead and improving model efficiency compared to current methods.During the decoding process,the 3D convolution block obtains the changing features in the time series and generates the predicted change map in the deconvolution layer with axial attention.Extensive experiments on three binary CD datasets and one semantic CD dataset demonstrate that the proposed STCD model outperforms several popular benchmark methods considering performance and the required parameters.Among the STCD variants,the F1-Score of the Base-STCD on the three binary CD datasets LEVIR,DSIFN,and SVCD reached 89.85%,54.72%,and 93.75%,respectively,and the mF1-Score and mIoU on the semantic CD dataset SECOND were 75.60%and 66.19%.展开更多
In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are...In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are also proposed.These applications apply architectures such as distributed learning,resource sharing,and arithmetic trading,which make high demands on identity authentication,asset authentication,resource addressing,and service location.Therefore,an efficient,secure,and trustworthy Industrial Internet identity resolution system is needed.However,most of the traditional identity resolution systems follow DNS architecture or tree structure,which has the risk of a single point of failure and DDoS attack.And they cannot guarantee the security and privacy of digital identity,personal assets,and device information.So we consider a decentralized approach for identity management,identity authentication,and asset verification.In this paper,we propose a distributed trusted active identity resolution system based on the inter-planetary file system(IPFS)and non-fungible token(NFT),which can provide distributed identity resolution services.And we have designed the system architecture,identity service process,load balancing strategy and smart contract service.In addition,we use Jmeter to verify the performance of the system,and the results show that the system has good high concurrent performance and robustness.展开更多
To the Editor:Peripheral artery disease(PAD)is a prevalent vascular condition characterized by arterial narrowing or occlusion,primarily due to atherosclerosis.Approximately 17.5%of patients with PAD develop acute low...To the Editor:Peripheral artery disease(PAD)is a prevalent vascular condition characterized by arterial narrowing or occlusion,primarily due to atherosclerosis.Approximately 17.5%of patients with PAD develop acute lower limb ischemia due to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture,which significantly impacts their quality of life.[1]A key feature of vulnerable plaque is pronounced macrophage infiltration into the fibrous cap,which drives a robust inflammatory response.[2]Previous studies have demonstrated that vitamin D receptor(VDR)exerts atheroprotective effects by modulating macrophage functions.[3,4]However,the role of VDR in macrophage inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrated that VDR activates silent information regulator transcript-1(SIRT1)transcription and subsequently reduces interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)expression in macrophages.Besides,vitamin D supplementation inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis and enhanced the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model.展开更多
Translation is a crucial step in gene expression.Over the past decade,the development and application of ribosome profiling(Ribo-seq)have significantly advanced our understanding of translational regulation in vivo.Ho...Translation is a crucial step in gene expression.Over the past decade,the development and application of ribosome profiling(Ribo-seq)have significantly advanced our understanding of translational regulation in vivo.However,the analysis and visualization of Ribo-seq data remain challenging.Despite the availability of various analytical pipelines,improvements in comprehensiveness,accuracy,and user-friendliness are still necessary.In this study,we develop RiboParser/RiboShiny,a robust framework for analyzing and visualizing Ribo-seq data.Building on published methods,we optimize ribosome structure-based and start/stopbased models to improve the accuracy and stability of P-site detection,even in species with a high proportion of leaderless transcripts.Leveraging these improvements,RiboParser offers comprehensive analyses,including quality control,gene-level analysis,codon-level analysis,and the analysis of Ribo-seq variants.Meanwhile,RiboShiny provides a user-friendly and adaptable platform for data visualization,facilitating deeper insights into the translational landscape.Furthermore,the integration of standardized genome annotation renders our platform universally applicable to various organisms with sequenced genomes.This framework has the potential to significantly improve the precision and efficiency of Ribo-seq data interpretation,thereby deepening our understanding of translational regulation.展开更多
Plasma protein-induced aggregation of nanoparticles(NPs)is a crucial issue in many applications,such as drug delivery.Although great efforts have been made to inves-tigate the protein adsorption kinetics or protein-in...Plasma protein-induced aggregation of nanoparticles(NPs)is a crucial issue in many applications,such as drug delivery.Although great efforts have been made to inves-tigate the protein adsorption kinetics or protein-induced NPs coalescence in bulk solutions,limited evidence has been uncovered for interfacial circumstances.Diet,disease,medicine,or senility could thoroughly change interfacial physicochemical properties of the inner lining of blood vessels.Implants including stents and artificial heart valves also have varied and evolutionary interfaces.Hence,there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism behind the non-specific protein adsorption and NP-protein aggregation in such interfacial cases.Here,we use evanescent light scat-tering to observe polystyrene NPs‒fibrinogen aggregation at substrates with varying surface properties.A density-fluctuation correlation function is utilized to reveal the relaxation dynamics of the aggregates.Both time-resolved and spatial-correlated evi-dence shows that the aging process of such soft materials is out-of-equilibrium,where the dynamics faster and slower than exponential can coexist in one sin-gle relaxation process.Besides,corona formation,inner stress,and interconnection together determine the microstructure,local adhesion,and structural relaxation of the aggregates,which can further correspond to the protein-to-NP ratio as well as the surface chemistry of NPs and substrates.展开更多
The change detection(CD)of heterogeneous remote sensing images is an important but challenging task.The difficulty is to obtain the change information by directly comparing the different statistical characteristics of...The change detection(CD)of heterogeneous remote sensing images is an important but challenging task.The difficulty is to obtain the change information by directly comparing the different statistical characteristics of the images acquired by different sensors.This paper proposes an unsupervised method for heterogeneous image CD based on an image domain transfer network.First,an attention mechanism is added to the Cycle-generative adversarial networks(Cycle-GANs)to obtain a more consistent feature expression by transferring bi-temporal heterogeneous images to the common domain.The Euclidean distance of the corresponding pixels is calculated in the common domain to form a difference map,and a threshold algorithm is applied to get a rough change map.Finally,the proposed adaptive Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)algorithm reduces the noise introduced by false detection,and the final change map is obtained.The proposed method is verified on three real heterogeneous CD datasets and compared with the current state-of-the-art methods.The results show that the proposed method is accurate and robust for performing heterogeneous CD tasks.展开更多
In formal concept analysis based applications, controlling the structure of concept lattice is of vital importance, especially for big data, and is achieved via clarifying the granularity of attributes. Existing appro...In formal concept analysis based applications, controlling the structure of concept lattice is of vital importance, especially for big data, and is achieved via clarifying the granularity of attributes. Existing approaches for solving this issue are within the framework of classical formal concept analysis, which focuses on positive attributes. However, experiments have demonstrated that both positive and negative attributes exert comparable influence on knowledge discovery. Thus, it is essential to explore the granularity of attributes in positive and negative perspectives altogether. As a solution, we investigate this problem within the framework of three-way concept analysis. Specifically, we present zoom-in and zoom-out algorithms to obtain more particular and abstract three-way concepts, separately. Furthermore, we provide illustrative examples to show the practical significance of this study.展开更多
Polymer-coated particles and surfaces have widespread applications in various industries ranging from manufacturing to biomedicine.A better understanding of the stability mechanisms underlying these coatings can inspi...Polymer-coated particles and surfaces have widespread applications in various industries ranging from manufacturing to biomedicine.A better understanding of the stability mechanisms underlying these coatings can inspire the design of novel polymer structures and help tune their functions.This can be achieved by quantifying the particle-particle and particle-surface interactions.This paper reviews several common experimental techniques utilized to measure the interactions between polymer-coated particles and surfaces quantitatively.These techniques include atomic force microscopy(AFM),total internal reflection microscopy(TIRM),optical tweezers(OT),and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring(QCM-D).The examples of each measuring technique were categorized based on the types of polymer coatings and their associated factors.Additionally,this review demonstrates experimental measurements of interactions involving biological objects.By understanding the fundamental particle-particle and particle-surface interactions,researchers can gain valuable insights to guide the design and functional optimization of polymer-based materials and systems across various applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51605103)Key Projects of Science and Technology Research Plan of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20221306)Key Project of Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department(2020BAB055).
文摘To investigate the potential of KTIG-MIG coupling welding in improving welding efficiency and quality for medium-thickness Q235B low-carbon steel plates,this study specifically analyzes the microstructural characteristics of three distinct regions in butt joints-the base metal(BM),heat-affected zone(HAZ),and weld metal zone(WMZ)-while simultaneously conducting comprehensive mechanical property testing on the welded joints.The test results of mechanical properties are combined with the data of microstructure analysis.The relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure of the WMZ of the butt joint is found.The results show that the microstructure of weld zone does not change significantly with the increase of heat input,but the grain structure of fusion zone and heat affected zone increases gradually.The tensile properties of welded joints are better than those of base materials under different heat input conditions.
基金the support from Jinhua Sanhuan Welding Materials Company LimitedSchool of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology.
文摘This article studies the effects of different Sn contents on the melting characteristics,microstructure,and mechanical properties of brazed joints of low-silver BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La brazing material.A differential thermal analyzer(HCR-1)was used to measure the solid-liquidus temperature of BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La-xSn brazing material.The results show that the addition of Sn element effect-ively reduces the solid-liquidus temperature of BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La brazing material.Microstructural characterization was con-ducted using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),etc.Analysis re-veals that progressive aggregation and precipitation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds occur with increasing Sn content,leading to microstructural coarsening.Notably,severe grain coarsening is observed when the Sn content reaches 4 wt.%.Shear testing of the BAg5CuZn-0.3 wt.%La-xSn brazing joints reveals a non-monotonic trend in joint strength:as Sn content increases,the shear strength initially improves but subsequently deteriorates after reaching an optimal value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(81425009)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(7142085)the Peking University Collaborative Fund,China(464-10606-00416)
文摘Alzheimer＇s disease（AD） is a neurodegenerative disorder in which amyloid b plaques are a pathological characteristic. Little is known about the physiological functions of amyloid b precursor protein（APP）. Based on its structure as a type I transmembrane protein, it has been proposed that APP might be a receptor, but so far, no ligand has been reported. In the present study, 9 proteins binding to the extracellular domain of APP were identified using a yeast two-hybrid system. After confirming the interactions in the mammalian system, mutated PLP1,members of the FLRT protein family, and KCTD16 were shown to interact with APP. These proteins have been reported to be involved in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease（PMD） and axon guidance. Therefore, our results shed light on the mechanisms of physiological function of APP in AD, PMD, and axon guidance.
基金supported by the Military Commission Science and Technology Committee Leading Fund[grant number 18-163-00-TS-004-080-01].
文摘Remote sensing Change Detection(CD)involves identifying changing regions of interest in bi-temporal remote sensing images.CD technology has rapidly developed in recent years through the powerful learning ability of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),affording complex feature extraction.However,the local receptive fields in the CNN limit modeling long-range contextual relationships in semantic changes.Therefore,this work explores the great potential of Siamese Transformers in CD tasks and proposes a general CD model entitled STCD that relies on Swin Transformers.In the encoding process,pure Transformers without CNN are used to model the long-range context of semantic tokens,reducing computational overhead and improving model efficiency compared to current methods.During the decoding process,the 3D convolution block obtains the changing features in the time series and generates the predicted change map in the deconvolution layer with axial attention.Extensive experiments on three binary CD datasets and one semantic CD dataset demonstrate that the proposed STCD model outperforms several popular benchmark methods considering performance and the required parameters.Among the STCD variants,the F1-Score of the Base-STCD on the three binary CD datasets LEVIR,DSIFN,and SVCD reached 89.85%,54.72%,and 93.75%,respectively,and the mF1-Score and mIoU on the semantic CD dataset SECOND were 75.60%and 66.19%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92267301).
文摘In recent years,the Industrial Internet and Industry 4.0 came into being.With the development of modern industrial intelligent manufacturing technology,digital twins,Web3 and many other digital entity applications are also proposed.These applications apply architectures such as distributed learning,resource sharing,and arithmetic trading,which make high demands on identity authentication,asset authentication,resource addressing,and service location.Therefore,an efficient,secure,and trustworthy Industrial Internet identity resolution system is needed.However,most of the traditional identity resolution systems follow DNS architecture or tree structure,which has the risk of a single point of failure and DDoS attack.And they cannot guarantee the security and privacy of digital identity,personal assets,and device information.So we consider a decentralized approach for identity management,identity authentication,and asset verification.In this paper,we propose a distributed trusted active identity resolution system based on the inter-planetary file system(IPFS)and non-fungible token(NFT),which can provide distributed identity resolution services.And we have designed the system architecture,identity service process,load balancing strategy and smart contract service.In addition,we use Jmeter to verify the performance of the system,and the results show that the system has good high concurrent performance and robustness.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.82170511 and 82000447)the Nature Science Foundation of Shanghai City(No.20ZR1471800)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712111)the Cultivation Foundation of Renji Hospital(No.RJTJ24-QN-044)the Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(No.2024KY1621).
文摘To the Editor:Peripheral artery disease(PAD)is a prevalent vascular condition characterized by arterial narrowing or occlusion,primarily due to atherosclerosis.Approximately 17.5%of patients with PAD develop acute lower limb ischemia due to vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture,which significantly impacts their quality of life.[1]A key feature of vulnerable plaque is pronounced macrophage infiltration into the fibrous cap,which drives a robust inflammatory response.[2]Previous studies have demonstrated that vitamin D receptor(VDR)exerts atheroprotective effects by modulating macrophage functions.[3,4]However,the role of VDR in macrophage inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis remains elusive.In this study,we demonstrated that VDR activates silent information regulator transcript-1(SIRT1)transcription and subsequently reduces interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)expression in macrophages.Besides,vitamin D supplementation inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis and enhanced the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA0912100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270098 and 32470073)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662024JC015)the National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology(AML2024D02)to Z.Z.
文摘Translation is a crucial step in gene expression.Over the past decade,the development and application of ribosome profiling(Ribo-seq)have significantly advanced our understanding of translational regulation in vivo.However,the analysis and visualization of Ribo-seq data remain challenging.Despite the availability of various analytical pipelines,improvements in comprehensiveness,accuracy,and user-friendliness are still necessary.In this study,we develop RiboParser/RiboShiny,a robust framework for analyzing and visualizing Ribo-seq data.Building on published methods,we optimize ribosome structure-based and start/stopbased models to improve the accuracy and stability of P-site detection,even in species with a high proportion of leaderless transcripts.Leveraging these improvements,RiboParser offers comprehensive analyses,including quality control,gene-level analysis,codon-level analysis,and the analysis of Ribo-seq variants.Meanwhile,RiboShiny provides a user-friendly and adaptable platform for data visualization,facilitating deeper insights into the translational landscape.Furthermore,the integration of standardized genome annotation renders our platform universally applicable to various organisms with sequenced genomes.This framework has the potential to significantly improve the precision and efficiency of Ribo-seq data interpretation,thereby deepening our understanding of translational regulation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22303033Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China,Grant/Award Number:JUSRP123017+2 种基金Wuxi“Taihu Light”Science and Technology Project-Basic Research,Grant/Award Number:K20231063Hong Kong Metropolitan University,Grant/Award Number:RD/2023/2.1Hong Kong Special Administration Region(HKSAR)General Research Fund,Grant/Award Numbers:CUHK14302120,2130704。
文摘Plasma protein-induced aggregation of nanoparticles(NPs)is a crucial issue in many applications,such as drug delivery.Although great efforts have been made to inves-tigate the protein adsorption kinetics or protein-induced NPs coalescence in bulk solutions,limited evidence has been uncovered for interfacial circumstances.Diet,disease,medicine,or senility could thoroughly change interfacial physicochemical properties of the inner lining of blood vessels.Implants including stents and artificial heart valves also have varied and evolutionary interfaces.Hence,there is an urgent need to understand the mechanism behind the non-specific protein adsorption and NP-protein aggregation in such interfacial cases.Here,we use evanescent light scat-tering to observe polystyrene NPs‒fibrinogen aggregation at substrates with varying surface properties.A density-fluctuation correlation function is utilized to reveal the relaxation dynamics of the aggregates.Both time-resolved and spatial-correlated evi-dence shows that the aging process of such soft materials is out-of-equilibrium,where the dynamics faster and slower than exponential can coexist in one sin-gle relaxation process.Besides,corona formation,inner stress,and interconnection together determine the microstructure,local adhesion,and structural relaxation of the aggregates,which can further correspond to the protein-to-NP ratio as well as the surface chemistry of NPs and substrates.
基金supported by Military Commission Science and Technology Committee Leading Fund of China:[Grant Number 18-163-00-TS-004-080-01].
文摘The change detection(CD)of heterogeneous remote sensing images is an important but challenging task.The difficulty is to obtain the change information by directly comparing the different statistical characteristics of the images acquired by different sensors.This paper proposes an unsupervised method for heterogeneous image CD based on an image domain transfer network.First,an attention mechanism is added to the Cycle-generative adversarial networks(Cycle-GANs)to obtain a more consistent feature expression by transferring bi-temporal heterogeneous images to the common domain.The Euclidean distance of the corresponding pixels is calculated in the common domain to form a difference map,and a threshold algorithm is applied to get a rough change map.Finally,the proposed adaptive Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)algorithm reduces the noise introduced by false detection,and the final change map is obtained.The proposed method is verified on three real heterogeneous CD datasets and compared with the current state-of-the-art methods.The results show that the proposed method is accurate and robust for performing heterogeneous CD tasks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62202501 and U2003208)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3900902)the Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ40638).
文摘In formal concept analysis based applications, controlling the structure of concept lattice is of vital importance, especially for big data, and is achieved via clarifying the granularity of attributes. Existing approaches for solving this issue are within the framework of classical formal concept analysis, which focuses on positive attributes. However, experiments have demonstrated that both positive and negative attributes exert comparable influence on knowledge discovery. Thus, it is essential to explore the granularity of attributes in positive and negative perspectives altogether. As a solution, we investigate this problem within the framework of three-way concept analysis. Specifically, we present zoom-in and zoom-out algorithms to obtain more particular and abstract three-way concepts, separately. Furthermore, we provide illustrative examples to show the practical significance of this study.
文摘Polymer-coated particles and surfaces have widespread applications in various industries ranging from manufacturing to biomedicine.A better understanding of the stability mechanisms underlying these coatings can inspire the design of novel polymer structures and help tune their functions.This can be achieved by quantifying the particle-particle and particle-surface interactions.This paper reviews several common experimental techniques utilized to measure the interactions between polymer-coated particles and surfaces quantitatively.These techniques include atomic force microscopy(AFM),total internal reflection microscopy(TIRM),optical tweezers(OT),and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring(QCM-D).The examples of each measuring technique were categorized based on the types of polymer coatings and their associated factors.Additionally,this review demonstrates experimental measurements of interactions involving biological objects.By understanding the fundamental particle-particle and particle-surface interactions,researchers can gain valuable insights to guide the design and functional optimization of polymer-based materials and systems across various applications.
