With the growing advancement of wireless communication technologies,WiFi-based human sensing has gained increasing attention as a non-intrusive and device-free solution.Among the available signal types,Channel State I...With the growing advancement of wireless communication technologies,WiFi-based human sensing has gained increasing attention as a non-intrusive and device-free solution.Among the available signal types,Channel State Information(CSI)offers fine-grained temporal,frequency,and spatial insights into multipath propagation,making it a crucial data source for human-centric sensing.Recently,the integration of deep learning has significantly improved the robustness and automation of feature extraction from CSI in complex environments.This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning-enhanced human sensing based on CSI.We first outline mainstream CSI acquisition tools and their hardware specifications,then provide a detailed discussion of preprocessing methods such as denoising,time–frequency transformation,data segmentation,and augmentation.Subsequently,we categorize deep learning approaches according to sensing tasks—namely detection,localization,and recognition—and highlight representative models across application scenarios.Finally,we examine key challenges including domain generalization,multi-user interference,and limited data availability,and we propose future research directions involving lightweight model deployment,multimodal data fusion,and semantic-level sensing.展开更多
Pufferfish is prone to deterioration due to abundant nutrients and high moisture content.Drying technology can extend the shelf life and enhance the flavor quality of aquatic products.The study investigated the effect...Pufferfish is prone to deterioration due to abundant nutrients and high moisture content.Drying technology can extend the shelf life and enhance the flavor quality of aquatic products.The study investigated the effect of hot air drying(HAD),microwave vacuum drying(MVD)and hot air assisted radio frequency drying(HARFD)on the taste and volatile profiles of Takifugu obscurus.Different drying methods had significant influence on the color,rehydration,5’-nucleotides,free amino acids and volatile components(P<0.05).The results showed that HAD and HARFD could promote the flavor of T.obscurus by producing higher equivalent umami concentration(EUC)values,which were about two times of MVD group,and more pronounced pleasant odor according to sensory analysis.HAD is more appropriate for industrial application than HARFD and MVD considering the economic benefits.This study could provide a reference for the industrial application of drying T.obscurus.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,magnetocaloric materials as well as other materials are being developed with increased efficiency and enhanced performance.However,most studies do not take phase t...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,magnetocaloric materials as well as other materials are being developed with increased efficiency and enhanced performance.However,most studies do not take phase transitions into account,and as a result,the predictions are usually not accurate enough.In this context,we have established an explicable relationship between alloy compositions and phase transition by feature imputation.A facile machine learning is proposed to screen candidate NiMn-based Heusler alloys with desired magnetic entropy change and magnetic transition temperature with a high accuracy R^(2)≈0.98.As expected,the measured properties of prepared NiMn-based alloys,including phase transition type,magnetic entropy changes and transition temperature,are all in good agreement with the ML predictions.As well as being the first to demonstrate an explicable relationship between alloy compositions,phase transitions and magnetocaloric properties,our proposed ML model is highly predictive and interpretable,which can provide a strong theoretical foundation for identifying high-performance magnetocaloric materials in the future.展开更多
Temperature is a critical factor influencing the performance of coal catalytic hydrogasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers.Numerical simulations at various temperatures(1023 K,1073 K,1123 K,and 1173 K)are co...Temperature is a critical factor influencing the performance of coal catalytic hydrogasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers.Numerical simulations at various temperatures(1023 K,1073 K,1123 K,and 1173 K)are conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which temperature affects bubble size,global reaction performance,and particle-scale reactivity.The simulation results indicate that bubble size increases at elevated temperatures,while H_(2)-char hydrogasification reactivity is enhanced.Particle trajectory analyses reveal that particles sized between 100 and 250μm undergo intense char hydrogasification in the dense phase,contributing to the formation of hot spots.To assess the impact of temperature on the particle-scale flow-transfer-reaction process,the dimensionless quantities of Reynolds,Nusselt,and Sherwood numbers,along with the solids dispersion coefficient,are calculated.It is found that higher temperatures inhibit bubble-induced mass and heat transfer.In general,3 MPa,1123 K,and 3-4 fluidization numbers are identified as the optimal conditions for particles ranging from 0 to350μm.These findings provide valuable insights into the inherent interactions between temperature and gas-particle reaction.展开更多
BACKGROUND As the global population ages,the number of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)rises.However,prognostic assessment tools for elderly patients with ACS remain lacking,particularly in the Chine...BACKGROUND As the global population ages,the number of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)rises.However,prognostic assessment tools for elderly patients with ACS remain lacking,particularly in the Chinese population.This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict 2-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in elderly Chinese patients with ACS.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using two independent cohorts of ACS patients aged≥65 years who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention:the derivation cohort(n=1674)and the validation cohort(n=2333).Candidate predictors were selected using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and the Akaike information criterion.A final nomogram incorporating ten variables was constructed.Model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination[concordance index(C-index)and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)]and calibration(calibration plots).RESULTS The 2-year incidence of MACCE was 12.5%(n=210)in the derivation cohort and 15.6%(n=364)in the validation cohort.The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination,with C-index values of 0.727 and 0.661 and AUCs of 0.723 and 0.699 in the derivation cohort and the validation cohort,respectively;significantly outperforming the GRACE risk score(P<0.001).Calibration plots showed good agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes.Patients classified as the high-risk group by the nomogram had a significantly higher MACCE incidence compared to that of the low-risk group(log-rank P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS This newly developed nomogram provides a reliable tool for individualized prediction of the 2-year MACCE risk in elderly Chinese patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.It outperformed the GRACE score in both discrimmination and calibration and may help improve clinical decision-making and personalized risk stratification in this vulnerable population.展开更多
A P-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(PolSAR)sensor has deep penetration ability into and through the vegetation canopies in forested environments.Thus,the sensor is of great potential to accurately assess fo...A P-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(PolSAR)sensor has deep penetration ability into and through the vegetation canopies in forested environments.Thus,the sensor is of great potential to accurately assess forest parameters such as coverage,stand density,and tree height.Unfortunately,the radar backscatter from complex terrain can adversely impact the backscatter from trees or forests,and forest parameters assessed can be erroneous.Thus,reducing the topographic impact is an urgent must.In this study,a topographic compensation algorithm has been studied.To assess the algorithm’s validity and effectiveness,we applied it to P-band PolSAR datasets in four forested areas in the US.Trees in the forest stands have diverse species,and the topographic conditions of the terrain differ.Significant topographic impact on the P-band PolSAR data exists before the topographic compensation algorithm.After the algorithm,the impact decreases noticeably qualitatively and quantitatively.The algorithm is valid and effective in reducing the topographic influence on the PolSAR data and,consequently,provides a better chance of retrieving accurate forest parameters.展开更多
Excellent magnetostrictive properties and processability are the two most important key factors for the practical application of magnetostrictive materials and research directions of continuous concern.In this study,w...Excellent magnetostrictive properties and processability are the two most important key factors for the practical application of magnetostrictive materials and research directions of continuous concern.In this study,we significantly improved the magnetostriction,ductility,and tensile strength of Fe_(83)Ga_(17)B_(x)(x=0,1,2,3,and 4)alloys by adjusting the small-radius boron(B)doping concentration.When x=3,the maximum magnetostriction value reached 193 ppm,approximately twice that of the undoped alloy(x=0),while the ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased by 147%and 238%,respectively,compared to Fe_(83)Ga_(17)alloys.Both first-principles calculations and experimental results indicate that B doping facilitates the alignment of FeGa crystal growth direction with the easy magnetization axis,thereby significantly improving the magnetostrictive properties of the alloy.Additionally,increasing B content progressively refines the grain size and promotes Fe_(2)B phase formation,thereby enhancing both strength and toughness.At x=3,the material exhibits the highest saturation magnetization and the lowest coercivity.Therefore,the results show that doping small-radius atoms in the interstitial sites can effectively enhance the magnetostrictive and mechanical properties of FeGa materials.This work offers a promising strategy for designing magnetostrictive materials with superior overall properties.展开更多
A pilot plant integrating pervaporation membrane bioreactor and mechanical vapor compression for bioethanol production was designed and constructed in the study,with a bioethanol production of 300 t·a^(-1).Key eq...A pilot plant integrating pervaporation membrane bioreactor and mechanical vapor compression for bioethanol production was designed and constructed in the study,with a bioethanol production of 300 t·a^(-1).Key equipment in the process were designed based on bench test data.A pilot-scale fermenter with 20 m^(3) in volume,4 m in height and 2.5 m in diameter was designed based on geometric similarity criterion and power equality criterion.An integrated plate-frame membrane module with 105 plates was newly developed.Compared with conventional batch fermentation,the improvement of equipment utilization efficiency and the cell utilization efficiency can be expected as 1.5-2.0 times and 2-10 times,respectively,with waste water reduced by 70% to 85%.The high-exergy energy requirement for pilot plant was 57.5 k W,of which the broth preheater occupied 85.7%,following by the compressor 1.1%,pump1.9% and fermenter agitator 0.3%.The total energy requirement including distillation for producing 1 kg ethanol(95%(mass)) achieved an energy surplus of 15.6 MJ.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)globally has increased disease burden and economic impact.Gaps remain in understanding the IBD burden between Asian and Western populations.AIM To esti...BACKGROUND The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)globally has increased disease burden and economic impact.Gaps remain in understanding the IBD burden between Asian and Western populations.AIM To estimate the current and following 10-year prevalence and incidence of IBD in Hong Kong,Japan,and the United States.METHODS Patients diagnosed with IBD were identified from a territory-wide electronic medical records database in Hong Kong(2003-2022,including all ages)and two large employment-based healthcare claims databases in Japan and the United States(2010-2022,including<65 age).We used Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to predict prevalence and incidence from 2023 to 2032,stratified by disease subtype[ulcerative colitis(UC);Crohn’s disease(CD)],sex,and age,with 95%prediction intervals(PIs).The forecasted annual average percentage change(AAPC)with 95%confidence intervals was calculated.RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of IBD for 2032 is forecasted at 105.88 per 100000 in Hong Kong(95%PI:83.01-128.75,AAPC:5.85%),645.79 in Japan(95%PI:562.51-741.39,AAPC:5.78%),and 629.85 in the United States(95%PI:569.09-690.63,AAPC:2.85%).Prevalence is estimated to rise most significantly among those under 18 in Japan and the United States.Over the next decade,the incidence of IBD is estimated to increase annually by 3.3%in Hong Kong with forecasted increases across all age groups(although the AAPC for each group is not statistically significant);by 2.88%in Japan with a significant rise in those under 18 and stability in 18-65;and remaining stable in the United States.By 2032,the prevalence of CD is estimated to surpass UC in Hong Kong and the United States,whereas UC will continue to be more prevalent in Japan.A higher prevalence and incidence of IBD is forecast for males in Hong Kong and Japan,whereas rates will be similar for both males and females in the United States.CONCLUSION The prevalence of IBD is forecasted to increase in Hong Kong,Japan,and the United States,while estimates of incidence vary.The forecasts show distinct patterns across disease subtype,sex,and age groups.Health systems will need to plan for the predicted increasing prevalence among different demographics.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2,particularly the Omicron variant,often leads to flavor perception dysfunction in infected individuals,making a comprehensive understanding of its duration and recovery patterns a critical part of disease ma...SARS-CoV-2,particularly the Omicron variant,often leads to flavor perception dysfunction in infected individuals,making a comprehensive understanding of its duration and recovery patterns a critical part of disease management.This study surveyed a cohort of 199 mildly-to-moderately affected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-infected patients,focusing on the alterations in their olfaction,taste,and chemesthesis perception.Further,a subset of 36 participants(18 healthy and 18 infected)underwent sensory evaluations to check the variation of umami taste sensitivity.The results demonstrated that most of the infected cohort experienced chemosensory disorders,with the recovery period varying between one week and over a month.Intriguingly,the severity of flavor perception changes during infection significantly correlated with the length of the recovery period.Furthermore,this study explored the specific manifestations of flavor perception dysfunction,potential contributing factors,and potential mechanistic explanations for chemosensory disorders.These include local damage,inflammatory responses,and virus-induced neural damage.However,this study revealed no significant change(P>0.05)in umami taste sensitivity among infected patients 55 days post-infection.While this research faces limitations related to its self-reported,cross-sectional design,and regional focus,it offers valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of COVID-19,particularly the Omicron variant,on chemosensory perception.展开更多
Organic magnetic semiconductors have aroused much attention for spintronic applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve organic semiconductors with strong room-temperature ferromagnetism. Here, we report a...Organic magnetic semiconductors have aroused much attention for spintronic applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve organic semiconductors with strong room-temperature ferromagnetism. Here, we report a two-dimensional (2D) tetragonal organic-inorganic ferrimagnetic (FIM) semiconductor of Fe_(14)Se_(16)(peha)_(0.7) (peha = pentaethylenehexamine) with excellent thermal stability and a Curie temperature (T_(C)) higher than 519 K. Magnetic and Mössbauer measurements reveal a long-range magnetic ordering in single crystalline Fe_(14)Se_(16)(peha)0.7 nanosheets. The saturation magnetization and coercivity are 5.9 emu g^(−1) and 0.42 kOe at 5 K, which slightly reduces to 4.6 emu g^(−1) and ∼0 Oe at 300 K. A direct optical bandgap of 2.22 eV is obtained by tuning electronic structure of β-Fe3Se4 host layers through spacer layers consisting of Fe^(3+) and peha. Electrical and Seebeck coefficient data indicate that the n-type semiconductor follows the thermally-activated conduction mechanism (lnρ ∝ T^(−1)) in a range of 130–300 K with an activation energy (Ea) of 62.69 meV. Thermal conductivity is 2.5 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 300 K, while the Wiedemann–Franz law is strongly violated according to electrical-thermal transport data due to weak incorporation of organic spacer layers and host layers. This study sets the stage for exploiting new room-temperature organic magnetic semiconductor systems for spintronic materials.展开更多
The mutual coupling of structure and magnetism is crucial for Heusler alloys.In this paper,Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)alloys were prepared by arc melting.Based on the test results of structure and magnetis...The mutual coupling of structure and magnetism is crucial for Heusler alloys.In this paper,Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)alloys were prepared by arc melting.Based on the test results of structure and magnetism,the magnetic-structural phase diagram of Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)was drawn.The structure changes from cubic to monoclinic and finally to tetragonal as the x increases at room temperature.Its phase diagram shows a morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)starting from a tricritical triple point(around the Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy)of a cubic paramagnetic phase,ferromagnetic monoclinic,and antiferromagnetic tetragonal phases.And Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy has experienced five different phase states:paramagnetic austenite→ferromagnetic austenite→antiferromagnetic martensite→ferromagnetic martensite→spin glass as the temperature decreased.Further study of the alloys’magnetostrictive properties near the MPB showed that as x increases,a negative strain initially appears,followed by a W-type that crosses negative and positive strains,and then a positive strain.This is caused by the inconsistency in the speed and degree of magnetic domain walls response with monoclinic and tetragonal coexisting structures.This indicates that coupling between structure and magnetism is critical to the properties of materials.This work provides valuable insights into the magnetostrictive behavior and structural evolution of Heusler alloys,particularly in the context of MPB systems,and offers guidance for the design and optimization of material properties through controlled magnetic-structural interactions.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.The edit made in the title has been confirmed to be accurate.展开更多
The Alaska North Slope(ANS)is endowed with a substantial reservoir of heavy oil,estimated at 12-18billion barrels,primarily concentrated within the Ugnu reservoirs.These deposits,situated at depths ranging from 2000 t...The Alaska North Slope(ANS)is endowed with a substantial reservoir of heavy oil,estimated at 12-18billion barrels,primarily concentrated within the Ugnu reservoirs.These deposits,situated at depths ranging from 2000 to 4000 feet,lie in close proximity to the permafrost and have undergone biodegradation,resulting in in-situ viscosities reaching thousands of centipoise.Following the success in recovering the somewhat less heavy,viscous oils through polymer injection,the deposits in Ugnu Formation are garnering significant interest.Although thermal recovery methods are commonplace for heavy oils,applying these methods on ANS is impractical,given the adjacency to continuous permafrost.Therefore,non-thermal hybrid enhanced oil recovery(cEOR)methods,such as solvent(e.g.,CO_(2))and low salinity water(LSW),or LSW and polymer-based techniques,emerge as the primarily feasible options for recovering these vast heavy oil resources.This study experimentally investigates,via systematically carried out fluid property and phase behavior tests and a series of sand-pack coreflood experiments,the potential to enhance the recovery of Ugnu heavy oils.The coreflood experiments reveal the synergistic effect of combining liquid-CO_(2)with LSW to be the most promising approach in this study as a water alternating gas(WAG)process results in the cumulative recovery factor of 83.5%,doubling the recovery obtained by continuous low salinity waterflood.Additionally,the liquid-CO_(2)-LSW WAG process demonstrated an additional benefit for CO_(2)storage,with about 25%of the pore volume of the liquid-CO_(2)injected being sequestered at the end of the injection process.This significant recovery improvement is attributed to a substantial reduction of oil viscosity upon contact with the liquid CO_(2)during the soaking period,with a reduction of up to 95%of the original oil viscosity.Meanwhile,in-situ emulsion generation was observed in the oil produced from the continuous LSW flooding.This was also evident by the increased differential pressure across the sand-pack compared to that of the liquid-CO_(2)alternating LSW process.The promising results of this study indicate significant potential for liquid-CO_(2)alternating LSW injection as an effective cEOR technique for Ugnu heavy oils.展开更多
Radiological or nuclear accidents can lead to serious outcomes for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation,with health effects that are either acute or delayed,deterministic or stochastic,depending on the effective ...Radiological or nuclear accidents can lead to serious outcomes for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation,with health effects that are either acute or delayed,deterministic or stochastic,depending on the effective dose of exposure.Mechanistically,ionizing radiation can inflict damage either directly on DNA or through oxidative stress,which may trigger a cascade of damages to tissues and organs.The development of effective radiation medical countermeasures is an unmet need and should be a top priority in preparing for radiation emergencies.This paper aims to address the critical questions of whether current countermeasures are available,what additional measures are needed,and what actions can be taken to enhance the development of radiation medical countermeasures from a systematic perspective.展开更多
Germ-free mice exhibit profound immunological immaturity.Despite recent studies emphasizing the role of specific bacterium-derived metabolites in immune cell development and differentiation,the mechanisms linking micr...Germ-free mice exhibit profound immunological immaturity.Despite recent studies emphasizing the role of specific bacterium-derived metabolites in immune cell development and differentiation,the mechanisms linking microbiota absence to systemic immune deficits remain incompletely defined.Here,droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing of bone marrow and peripheral blood from both germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice was performed,identifying 25 transcriptionally distinct cell types.Neutrophil apoptosis was elevated in germ-free mice,potentially due to the absence of niacin dehydrogenase,a metabolite primarily produced by Pseudomonas.In addition,germ-free mice exhibited increased excretion of 5’-methylthioadenosine,enhanced ERK activation driven by reactive oxygen species,and disruption of bone marrow stromal antigen 2 signaling.Monocytes and CD8^(+)T cells from germ-free mice showed diminished responses to interferon-β and interferon-γ,consistent with heightened viral susceptibility.These findings establish a microbiota-dependent regulatory pathway linking immunodeficiency to microbial absence in germ-free mice,confirmed through complementary validation techniques.展开更多
Heating mechanism in the solar atmosphere(from chromosphere to corona)is one of the top-challenges in modern astronomy.The classic mechanisms can be divided into two categories:wave heating(W)and magnetic reconnection...Heating mechanism in the solar atmosphere(from chromosphere to corona)is one of the top-challenges in modern astronomy.The classic mechanisms can be divided into two categories:wave heating(W)and magnetic reconnection heating(X).Both of them still face some problems currently difficult to overcome.Recently,we proposed a new mechanism,called magnetic-gradient pumping heating(MGP,or P)which seems to overcome those difficulties,but still lacks sufficient observational evidence.Which one really explained the physics of hot corona exactly?How can observations be used to identify and verify the heating mechanism?Since different heating mechanisms will generate non-thermal particles from different accelerations and experience different propagations,they will have different responses in the broadband spectral radio observations.Among them,the non-thermal electrons from W mechanisms are closely related to shock-wave acceleration,and their radio response should be a group of spike bursts with random distribution of drifting rates;the non-thermal electrons from X mechanisms are accelerated by reconnecting electric field with bidirectional flow,and their radio response should be type III pairs or spike pairs;P mechanism will produce energetic particle upflows,and their radio response should be unidirectional fiber bursts with moderate negative drifting rates.Therefore,the heating mechanism can be identified and verified from the broadband dynamic spectral radio observations.Additionally,using high-resolution radioheliographs and spectral-imaging observations,the heating mechanisms in different regions can be identified and verified separately,thereby demonstrating the physical essence of the hot corona.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant U23A20310.
文摘With the growing advancement of wireless communication technologies,WiFi-based human sensing has gained increasing attention as a non-intrusive and device-free solution.Among the available signal types,Channel State Information(CSI)offers fine-grained temporal,frequency,and spatial insights into multipath propagation,making it a crucial data source for human-centric sensing.Recently,the integration of deep learning has significantly improved the robustness and automation of feature extraction from CSI in complex environments.This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning-enhanced human sensing based on CSI.We first outline mainstream CSI acquisition tools and their hardware specifications,then provide a detailed discussion of preprocessing methods such as denoising,time–frequency transformation,data segmentation,and augmentation.Subsequently,we categorize deep learning approaches according to sensing tasks—namely detection,localization,and recognition—and highlight representative models across application scenarios.Finally,we examine key challenges including domain generalization,multi-user interference,and limited data availability,and we propose future research directions involving lightweight model deployment,multimodal data fusion,and semantic-level sensing.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (32001824, 31972198, 31901813, 31901816, 32001827)Startup Fund for Youngman Research at SJTU (SFYR at SJTU)
文摘Pufferfish is prone to deterioration due to abundant nutrients and high moisture content.Drying technology can extend the shelf life and enhance the flavor quality of aquatic products.The study investigated the effect of hot air drying(HAD),microwave vacuum drying(MVD)and hot air assisted radio frequency drying(HARFD)on the taste and volatile profiles of Takifugu obscurus.Different drying methods had significant influence on the color,rehydration,5’-nucleotides,free amino acids and volatile components(P<0.05).The results showed that HAD and HARFD could promote the flavor of T.obscurus by producing higher equivalent umami concentration(EUC)values,which were about two times of MVD group,and more pronounced pleasant odor according to sensory analysis.HAD is more appropriate for industrial application than HARFD and MVD considering the economic benefits.This study could provide a reference for the industrial application of drying T.obscurus.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0109500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071255,52301250,52171190 and 12304027)+2 种基金the Key R&D Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2022GXLH-01-07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)the World-Class Universities(Disciplines)and the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,magnetocaloric materials as well as other materials are being developed with increased efficiency and enhanced performance.However,most studies do not take phase transitions into account,and as a result,the predictions are usually not accurate enough.In this context,we have established an explicable relationship between alloy compositions and phase transition by feature imputation.A facile machine learning is proposed to screen candidate NiMn-based Heusler alloys with desired magnetic entropy change and magnetic transition temperature with a high accuracy R^(2)≈0.98.As expected,the measured properties of prepared NiMn-based alloys,including phase transition type,magnetic entropy changes and transition temperature,are all in good agreement with the ML predictions.As well as being the first to demonstrate an explicable relationship between alloy compositions,phase transitions and magnetocaloric properties,our proposed ML model is highly predictive and interpretable,which can provide a strong theoretical foundation for identifying high-performance magnetocaloric materials in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308170).
文摘Temperature is a critical factor influencing the performance of coal catalytic hydrogasification in bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers.Numerical simulations at various temperatures(1023 K,1073 K,1123 K,and 1173 K)are conducted to elucidate the mechanisms by which temperature affects bubble size,global reaction performance,and particle-scale reactivity.The simulation results indicate that bubble size increases at elevated temperatures,while H_(2)-char hydrogasification reactivity is enhanced.Particle trajectory analyses reveal that particles sized between 100 and 250μm undergo intense char hydrogasification in the dense phase,contributing to the formation of hot spots.To assess the impact of temperature on the particle-scale flow-transfer-reaction process,the dimensionless quantities of Reynolds,Nusselt,and Sherwood numbers,along with the solids dispersion coefficient,are calculated.It is found that higher temperatures inhibit bubble-induced mass and heat transfer.In general,3 MPa,1123 K,and 3-4 fluidization numbers are identified as the optimal conditions for particles ranging from 0 to350μm.These findings provide valuable insights into the inherent interactions between temperature and gas-particle reaction.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2025-GSP-QN-31&2022-GSP-QN-1)the Young Talent Program of the Academician Fund(YS-2022-002)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2023-I2M-1-002)。
文摘BACKGROUND As the global population ages,the number of elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)rises.However,prognostic assessment tools for elderly patients with ACS remain lacking,particularly in the Chinese population.This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict 2-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)in elderly Chinese patients with ACS.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted using two independent cohorts of ACS patients aged≥65 years who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention:the derivation cohort(n=1674)and the validation cohort(n=2333).Candidate predictors were selected using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and the Akaike information criterion.A final nomogram incorporating ten variables was constructed.Model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination[concordance index(C-index)and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)]and calibration(calibration plots).RESULTS The 2-year incidence of MACCE was 12.5%(n=210)in the derivation cohort and 15.6%(n=364)in the validation cohort.The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination,with C-index values of 0.727 and 0.661 and AUCs of 0.723 and 0.699 in the derivation cohort and the validation cohort,respectively;significantly outperforming the GRACE risk score(P<0.001).Calibration plots showed good agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes.Patients classified as the high-risk group by the nomogram had a significantly higher MACCE incidence compared to that of the low-risk group(log-rank P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS This newly developed nomogram provides a reliable tool for individualized prediction of the 2-year MACCE risk in elderly Chinese patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention.It outperformed the GRACE score in both discrimmination and calibration and may help improve clinical decision-making and personalized risk stratification in this vulnerable population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.41771401 and No.42350710201.
文摘A P-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar(PolSAR)sensor has deep penetration ability into and through the vegetation canopies in forested environments.Thus,the sensor is of great potential to accurately assess forest parameters such as coverage,stand density,and tree height.Unfortunately,the radar backscatter from complex terrain can adversely impact the backscatter from trees or forests,and forest parameters assessed can be erroneous.Thus,reducing the topographic impact is an urgent must.In this study,a topographic compensation algorithm has been studied.To assess the algorithm’s validity and effectiveness,we applied it to P-band PolSAR datasets in four forested areas in the US.Trees in the forest stands have diverse species,and the topographic conditions of the terrain differ.Significant topographic impact on the P-band PolSAR data exists before the topographic compensation algorithm.After the algorithm,the impact decreases noticeably qualitatively and quantitatively.The algorithm is valid and effective in reducing the topographic influence on the PolSAR data and,consequently,provides a better chance of retrieving accurate forest parameters.
基金financially supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory Open Project(No.2022ZY2JCY1-01-05)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3501401)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171190 and 52301250)the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(No.2020TD001)the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2018PT-28 and 2017KTPT-04)the support from the High Performance Computing Center at Xi'an Jiaotong University
文摘Excellent magnetostrictive properties and processability are the two most important key factors for the practical application of magnetostrictive materials and research directions of continuous concern.In this study,we significantly improved the magnetostriction,ductility,and tensile strength of Fe_(83)Ga_(17)B_(x)(x=0,1,2,3,and 4)alloys by adjusting the small-radius boron(B)doping concentration.When x=3,the maximum magnetostriction value reached 193 ppm,approximately twice that of the undoped alloy(x=0),while the ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased by 147%and 238%,respectively,compared to Fe_(83)Ga_(17)alloys.Both first-principles calculations and experimental results indicate that B doping facilitates the alignment of FeGa crystal growth direction with the easy magnetization axis,thereby significantly improving the magnetostrictive properties of the alloy.Additionally,increasing B content progressively refines the grain size and promotes Fe_(2)B phase formation,thereby enhancing both strength and toughness.At x=3,the material exhibits the highest saturation magnetization and the lowest coercivity.Therefore,the results show that doping small-radius atoms in the interstitial sites can effectively enhance the magnetostrictive and mechanical properties of FeGa materials.This work offers a promising strategy for designing magnetostrictive materials with superior overall properties.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2101204)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0926)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023SCU12080 and 20822041B4013)。
文摘A pilot plant integrating pervaporation membrane bioreactor and mechanical vapor compression for bioethanol production was designed and constructed in the study,with a bioethanol production of 300 t·a^(-1).Key equipment in the process were designed based on bench test data.A pilot-scale fermenter with 20 m^(3) in volume,4 m in height and 2.5 m in diameter was designed based on geometric similarity criterion and power equality criterion.An integrated plate-frame membrane module with 105 plates was newly developed.Compared with conventional batch fermentation,the improvement of equipment utilization efficiency and the cell utilization efficiency can be expected as 1.5-2.0 times and 2-10 times,respectively,with waste water reduced by 70% to 85%.The high-exergy energy requirement for pilot plant was 57.5 k W,of which the broth preheater occupied 85.7%,following by the compressor 1.1%,pump1.9% and fermenter agitator 0.3%.The total energy requirement including distillation for producing 1 kg ethanol(95%(mass)) achieved an energy surplus of 15.6 MJ.
基金Supported by the Research Grant Council,Research Impact Fund,No.R7007-22.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)globally has increased disease burden and economic impact.Gaps remain in understanding the IBD burden between Asian and Western populations.AIM To estimate the current and following 10-year prevalence and incidence of IBD in Hong Kong,Japan,and the United States.METHODS Patients diagnosed with IBD were identified from a territory-wide electronic medical records database in Hong Kong(2003-2022,including all ages)and two large employment-based healthcare claims databases in Japan and the United States(2010-2022,including<65 age).We used Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to predict prevalence and incidence from 2023 to 2032,stratified by disease subtype[ulcerative colitis(UC);Crohn’s disease(CD)],sex,and age,with 95%prediction intervals(PIs).The forecasted annual average percentage change(AAPC)with 95%confidence intervals was calculated.RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of IBD for 2032 is forecasted at 105.88 per 100000 in Hong Kong(95%PI:83.01-128.75,AAPC:5.85%),645.79 in Japan(95%PI:562.51-741.39,AAPC:5.78%),and 629.85 in the United States(95%PI:569.09-690.63,AAPC:2.85%).Prevalence is estimated to rise most significantly among those under 18 in Japan and the United States.Over the next decade,the incidence of IBD is estimated to increase annually by 3.3%in Hong Kong with forecasted increases across all age groups(although the AAPC for each group is not statistically significant);by 2.88%in Japan with a significant rise in those under 18 and stability in 18-65;and remaining stable in the United States.By 2032,the prevalence of CD is estimated to surpass UC in Hong Kong and the United States,whereas UC will continue to be more prevalent in Japan.A higher prevalence and incidence of IBD is forecast for males in Hong Kong and Japan,whereas rates will be similar for both males and females in the United States.CONCLUSION The prevalence of IBD is forecasted to increase in Hong Kong,Japan,and the United States,while estimates of incidence vary.The forecasts show distinct patterns across disease subtype,sex,and age groups.Health systems will need to plan for the predicted increasing prevalence among different demographics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001824,31901813,32001827)。
文摘SARS-CoV-2,particularly the Omicron variant,often leads to flavor perception dysfunction in infected individuals,making a comprehensive understanding of its duration and recovery patterns a critical part of disease management.This study surveyed a cohort of 199 mildly-to-moderately affected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-infected patients,focusing on the alterations in their olfaction,taste,and chemesthesis perception.Further,a subset of 36 participants(18 healthy and 18 infected)underwent sensory evaluations to check the variation of umami taste sensitivity.The results demonstrated that most of the infected cohort experienced chemosensory disorders,with the recovery period varying between one week and over a month.Intriguingly,the severity of flavor perception changes during infection significantly correlated with the length of the recovery period.Furthermore,this study explored the specific manifestations of flavor perception dysfunction,potential contributing factors,and potential mechanistic explanations for chemosensory disorders.These include local damage,inflammatory responses,and virus-induced neural damage.However,this study revealed no significant change(P>0.05)in umami taste sensitivity among infected patients 55 days post-infection.While this research faces limitations related to its self-reported,cross-sectional design,and regional focus,it offers valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of COVID-19,particularly the Omicron variant,on chemosensory perception.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371203,51971221 and 52031014).
文摘Organic magnetic semiconductors have aroused much attention for spintronic applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve organic semiconductors with strong room-temperature ferromagnetism. Here, we report a two-dimensional (2D) tetragonal organic-inorganic ferrimagnetic (FIM) semiconductor of Fe_(14)Se_(16)(peha)_(0.7) (peha = pentaethylenehexamine) with excellent thermal stability and a Curie temperature (T_(C)) higher than 519 K. Magnetic and Mössbauer measurements reveal a long-range magnetic ordering in single crystalline Fe_(14)Se_(16)(peha)0.7 nanosheets. The saturation magnetization and coercivity are 5.9 emu g^(−1) and 0.42 kOe at 5 K, which slightly reduces to 4.6 emu g^(−1) and ∼0 Oe at 300 K. A direct optical bandgap of 2.22 eV is obtained by tuning electronic structure of β-Fe3Se4 host layers through spacer layers consisting of Fe^(3+) and peha. Electrical and Seebeck coefficient data indicate that the n-type semiconductor follows the thermally-activated conduction mechanism (lnρ ∝ T^(−1)) in a range of 130–300 K with an activation energy (Ea) of 62.69 meV. Thermal conductivity is 2.5 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 300 K, while the Wiedemann–Franz law is strongly violated according to electrical-thermal transport data due to weak incorporation of organic spacer layers and host layers. This study sets the stage for exploiting new room-temperature organic magnetic semiconductor systems for spintronic materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0109500 and 2021YFB3501401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171190 and 52301250).
文摘The mutual coupling of structure and magnetism is crucial for Heusler alloys.In this paper,Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)alloys were prepared by arc melting.Based on the test results of structure and magnetism,the magnetic-structural phase diagram of Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(16-x)Ga_(x)(0≤x≤16)was drawn.The structure changes from cubic to monoclinic and finally to tetragonal as the x increases at room temperature.Its phase diagram shows a morphotropic phase boundary(MPB)starting from a tricritical triple point(around the Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy)of a cubic paramagnetic phase,ferromagnetic monoclinic,and antiferromagnetic tetragonal phases.And Ni_(50)Mn_(34)Sb_(5)Ga_(11)alloy has experienced five different phase states:paramagnetic austenite→ferromagnetic austenite→antiferromagnetic martensite→ferromagnetic martensite→spin glass as the temperature decreased.Further study of the alloys’magnetostrictive properties near the MPB showed that as x increases,a negative strain initially appears,followed by a W-type that crosses negative and positive strains,and then a positive strain.This is caused by the inconsistency in the speed and degree of magnetic domain walls response with monoclinic and tetragonal coexisting structures.This indicates that coupling between structure and magnetism is critical to the properties of materials.This work provides valuable insights into the magnetostrictive behavior and structural evolution of Heusler alloys,particularly in the context of MPB systems,and offers guidance for the design and optimization of material properties through controlled magnetic-structural interactions.Kindly check and confirm the edit made in the title.The edit made in the title has been confirmed to be accurate.
基金financial support for this study and the Petroleum Development Laboratory(PDL)at University of Alaska Fairbanks(UAF)for allowing the use of the facilities。
文摘The Alaska North Slope(ANS)is endowed with a substantial reservoir of heavy oil,estimated at 12-18billion barrels,primarily concentrated within the Ugnu reservoirs.These deposits,situated at depths ranging from 2000 to 4000 feet,lie in close proximity to the permafrost and have undergone biodegradation,resulting in in-situ viscosities reaching thousands of centipoise.Following the success in recovering the somewhat less heavy,viscous oils through polymer injection,the deposits in Ugnu Formation are garnering significant interest.Although thermal recovery methods are commonplace for heavy oils,applying these methods on ANS is impractical,given the adjacency to continuous permafrost.Therefore,non-thermal hybrid enhanced oil recovery(cEOR)methods,such as solvent(e.g.,CO_(2))and low salinity water(LSW),or LSW and polymer-based techniques,emerge as the primarily feasible options for recovering these vast heavy oil resources.This study experimentally investigates,via systematically carried out fluid property and phase behavior tests and a series of sand-pack coreflood experiments,the potential to enhance the recovery of Ugnu heavy oils.The coreflood experiments reveal the synergistic effect of combining liquid-CO_(2)with LSW to be the most promising approach in this study as a water alternating gas(WAG)process results in the cumulative recovery factor of 83.5%,doubling the recovery obtained by continuous low salinity waterflood.Additionally,the liquid-CO_(2)-LSW WAG process demonstrated an additional benefit for CO_(2)storage,with about 25%of the pore volume of the liquid-CO_(2)injected being sequestered at the end of the injection process.This significant recovery improvement is attributed to a substantial reduction of oil viscosity upon contact with the liquid CO_(2)during the soaking period,with a reduction of up to 95%of the original oil viscosity.Meanwhile,in-situ emulsion generation was observed in the oil produced from the continuous LSW flooding.This was also evident by the increased differential pressure across the sand-pack compared to that of the liquid-CO_(2)alternating LSW process.The promising results of this study indicate significant potential for liquid-CO_(2)alternating LSW injection as an effective cEOR technique for Ugnu heavy oils.
基金Beijing Nova Program,Grant/Award Number:20220484086。
文摘Radiological or nuclear accidents can lead to serious outcomes for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation,with health effects that are either acute or delayed,deterministic or stochastic,depending on the effective dose of exposure.Mechanistically,ionizing radiation can inflict damage either directly on DNA or through oxidative stress,which may trigger a cascade of damages to tissues and organs.The development of effective radiation medical countermeasures is an unmet need and should be a top priority in preparing for radiation emergencies.This paper aims to address the critical questions of whether current countermeasures are available,what additional measures are needed,and what actions can be taken to enhance the development of radiation medical countermeasures from a systematic perspective.
基金supported by the Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,China(SGCX20190919142801722)。
文摘Germ-free mice exhibit profound immunological immaturity.Despite recent studies emphasizing the role of specific bacterium-derived metabolites in immune cell development and differentiation,the mechanisms linking microbiota absence to systemic immune deficits remain incompletely defined.Here,droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing of bone marrow and peripheral blood from both germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice was performed,identifying 25 transcriptionally distinct cell types.Neutrophil apoptosis was elevated in germ-free mice,potentially due to the absence of niacin dehydrogenase,a metabolite primarily produced by Pseudomonas.In addition,germ-free mice exhibited increased excretion of 5’-methylthioadenosine,enhanced ERK activation driven by reactive oxygen species,and disruption of bone marrow stromal antigen 2 signaling.Monocytes and CD8^(+)T cells from germ-free mice showed diminished responses to interferon-β and interferon-γ,consistent with heightened viral susceptibility.These findings establish a microbiota-dependent regulatory pathway linking immunodeficiency to microbial absence in germ-free mice,confirmed through complementary validation techniques.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDB0560000the National Key R&D Program of China 2021YFA1600503,2022YFF0503001,2022YFF0503800+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.12173050)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 183311KYSB20200003。
文摘Heating mechanism in the solar atmosphere(from chromosphere to corona)is one of the top-challenges in modern astronomy.The classic mechanisms can be divided into two categories:wave heating(W)and magnetic reconnection heating(X).Both of them still face some problems currently difficult to overcome.Recently,we proposed a new mechanism,called magnetic-gradient pumping heating(MGP,or P)which seems to overcome those difficulties,but still lacks sufficient observational evidence.Which one really explained the physics of hot corona exactly?How can observations be used to identify and verify the heating mechanism?Since different heating mechanisms will generate non-thermal particles from different accelerations and experience different propagations,they will have different responses in the broadband spectral radio observations.Among them,the non-thermal electrons from W mechanisms are closely related to shock-wave acceleration,and their radio response should be a group of spike bursts with random distribution of drifting rates;the non-thermal electrons from X mechanisms are accelerated by reconnecting electric field with bidirectional flow,and their radio response should be type III pairs or spike pairs;P mechanism will produce energetic particle upflows,and their radio response should be unidirectional fiber bursts with moderate negative drifting rates.Therefore,the heating mechanism can be identified and verified from the broadband dynamic spectral radio observations.Additionally,using high-resolution radioheliographs and spectral-imaging observations,the heating mechanisms in different regions can be identified and verified separately,thereby demonstrating the physical essence of the hot corona.
