Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to propagate between cells.Classical paradigms describe two primary transmission modes:cell-free diffusion,where virions navigate extracellular spaces to initiate new infections...Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to propagate between cells.Classical paradigms describe two primary transmission modes:cell-free diffusion,where virions navigate extracellular spaces to initiate new infections,and direct cell-to-cell spread that minimizes exposure to host immunity[1,2].In recent years,a third mechanism has emerged wherein viruses exploit extracellular vesicles(EVs)as intercellular transmission carriers.Diverse EV subtypes,including exosomes,secretory lysosomes,and apoptotic bodies,have been shown to encapsulate clusters of viral particles for intercellular transmission[3].However,the full repertoire of vesicle-mediated viral spread remains incompletely cataloged,particularly regarding heterogenous structures with specialized biogenesis pathways.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2022ZD0212900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300570)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(5244036)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0613402)the Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University(PKU2025PKULCXQ013)the Research Funds from Health@InnoHK Program launched by Innovation Technology Commission of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
文摘Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to propagate between cells.Classical paradigms describe two primary transmission modes:cell-free diffusion,where virions navigate extracellular spaces to initiate new infections,and direct cell-to-cell spread that minimizes exposure to host immunity[1,2].In recent years,a third mechanism has emerged wherein viruses exploit extracellular vesicles(EVs)as intercellular transmission carriers.Diverse EV subtypes,including exosomes,secretory lysosomes,and apoptotic bodies,have been shown to encapsulate clusters of viral particles for intercellular transmission[3].However,the full repertoire of vesicle-mediated viral spread remains incompletely cataloged,particularly regarding heterogenous structures with specialized biogenesis pathways.
